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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access CANINE PYODERMA : DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) MARAK, SABETINI S.; Changkija, BendanglaThe present study entitled “Canine pyoderma: Diagnosis and therapeutic management” was undertaken w.e.f. 1st August 2018 to 31st May 2019 with the objective to study the prevalence, identification of causative organism, hemato-biochemical alteration and to assess therapeutic efficacy in canine pyoderma. The overall prevalence of pyoderma in dogs was 14.59% with higher occurrence in Labrador breed (40%) with males (63.75%) being predominantly affected and in age group below 1 year (33.75%). Clinical signs associated with canine pyoderma were pruritis, pustules, alopecia, papule, scale and crust, patches, erythema, moth eaten appearance, dry coat, epidermal collaret, hyperpigmentation, abscess, lichnefication, edema, erosion and fissure. The causative organisms isolated from canine pyoderma were Staphylococcus species (100%) of which highest was Staphylococcus intermedius (43.75%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.75%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (12.5%), Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Staphylococcus intermedius with Pseudomonas species (6.25%) and Staphylococcus intermedius with Klebsiella species (11.25%), Staphylococcus aureus with Pseudomonas species (5%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species and Pseudomonas species (2.5%). The antibiotic sensitivity test for Staphylococcus intermedius isolates revealed highest sensitivity to linezolid (100%); Staphylococcus aureus to cephalexin and linezolid (94.73%); Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species to cephalexin and linezolid (100%); however gram negative organisms like Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species revealed highest sensitivity to enrofloxacin (100%) but complete resistant to cephalexin and linezolid. Hematobiochemistry revealed anaemia (Low Hb and TEC), leukocytosis, neutrophilia, reduction in serum albumin, A:G ratio and zinc when compared with apparently healthy dogs. Dogs treated with cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone and tazobactum and linezolide showed faster recovery in clinical symptoms weekly than that of cephalexin and enrofloxacin but complete remission of clinical signs in all the animals was observed only in cephalexin treated group.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D FOR THE PREVENTION OF PERIPARTURIENT HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRY COWS(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) PATEL, NISHA MANISH; Baishya, B. C.The present study entitled “Management of hypovitaminosis-D for the prevention of peri-parturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cows” was undertaken w.e.f. 1st September, 2018 to 31st March, 2019. The objectives of the study were to know the status of vitamin-D and calcium in crossbred dairy cows reared under intensive system, along with alterations of serum levels of related minerals and biochemical parameters associated with peri-partum hypocalcaemia and to assess the efficacy of parentrally administered synthetic analogue of vitamin-D for the prevention of peri-parturient hypocalcaemia. From the study, the prevalence of pre-partum hypocalcaemia in crossbred dairy cows was recorded as 33.33%, with a higher occurrence (34.48%) in Jersey crossbred cows compared to HF crossbred cows (32.55%) and a predominance in cows of 6-8 years age (40.90%). However, there were statistically no significant differences in prevalence between the two breeds and among the different age groups. The only observed clinical signs associated with the recorded hypocalcaemia were lowered appetite and a rough body coat. Biochemical studies revealed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the levels of serum total vitamin-D (cholecalciferol), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, which reduced significantly (P<0.01) after treatment to the levels of the control group towards at the end of the study. A significant increase (P<0.01) was recorded in the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus after treatment however, no abnormal variation was recorded in the levels of serum magnesium throughout the study. Use of synthetic (α) analogue of vitamin-D (cholecalciferol) was found to be effective in increasing the serum calcium level and thereby preventing the occurrence of peri-parturient hypocalcaemia in crossbred dairy cows.ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE OF EYE DISEASES IN DOG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTION(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) DAS, DIBYAJYOTI; Phukan, A.Ocular disease is a common problem in dogs, occurs mostly due to bacterial infection, trauma, injury, viral infection, allergic condition, vitamin deficiency, old age and hereditary. In the study period 9138 numbers of dogs were screened and ocular disease was recorded in 71 numbers of dog. The prevalence of ocular diseases in dog was recorded 0.78%. On the basis of clinical categorization, the highest prevalence of ocular disease was recorded as conjunctivitis (49.29%) and lowest in corneal opacity (7.05%). In the present study, the highest affection of eye was recorded in both eye (45.07%) and highest clinical findings recorded in congested mucous membrane (84.50%. The season wise prevalence of ocular disease in dogs was highest in winter (45.07%) and lowest in pre-monsoon (8.45%) season. In present study sex wise prevalence of ocular diseases were more in male (64.78%) than female (35.22%).Age - wise prevalence was highest in the>3 years – 6 years (29.58%) age group and lowest in below 1 year (4.22%) age group and breed wise prevalence the highest was recorded in German Shepherd (19.72%) and lowest in Boxer (2.82%). The most common species of bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus (22.39%), Streptococcus (19.40%) and Pseudomonas (8.95%) species. More number of coagulase positive Staphylococcus species were recorded. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were mostly isolated from conjunctivitis condition and Pseudomonas species were highest isolated from keratitis condition. The sensitivity pattern of the isolates showed highest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin whereas less sensitive to ofloxacin. For therapeutic management of bacterial infection (conjunctivitis and keratitis) of eye, 36 dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group I and Group II. In group I, ciprofloxacin was found effective on 14th day post-treatment in subgroup A and C dogs and in group II, gentamicin was found effective on 14th day post-treatment in subgroup D and F dogs.ThesisItem Open Access AVENUES OF EMPLOYMENT AND WELFARE FROM PIG FARMING IN AIZAWL, MIZORAM(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Fanai, Vanlalhmangaihi; Saharia, K. K.ThesisItem Open Access ETHNICITY IN LIVESTOCK REARING AMONG THE NYISHI TRIBES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Yadik, Nich; Borgohain, A.An investigation was undertaken to study the ethnicity in livestock rearing among the Nyishi Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh .Two predominantly Nyishi dominated districts namely Papum Pare and Lower Subansiri district were purposively selected. Four villages were selected and 15 respondents from each village were selected, making the sample size 120.Only the farmers having at least one animal were selected for the study in consultation with the officials of Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary and Dairy, Government of Arunachal Pradesh for the study purpose. Two sets of variables viz., independent and dependent variables were chosen for the study in consultation with available literature, faculties in college of veterinary science AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam. Data were collected by personally by interviewing the respondents. Study revealed that majority of the respondents, 65.84 per cent belonged to middle age group, and about 62.50 per cent of them were male and 100.00 per cent were married. Majority 75.83 per cent had nuclear family type with 70.80 per cent medium family size. Almost 54.20 per cent were illiterate educational level and majority 73.30 per cent of the respondents were involved in agriculture as their main occupation. Majority of the respondents 70.00 per cent had medium herd size of livestock other than mithun,75.83 per cent had medium mithun herd size .Most of them had medium family income (rupees 90000-190000) of which majority of the respondents 79.17 per cent belonged to medium category. Majority 85.00 per cent of the respondents had medium income from livestock (rupees 60000-90000).About 55.83 per cent of the respondents had medium extension contact and 62.50 per cent of the respondents had social participation. As regards to socio-cultural practices associated with livestock rearing, 100 per cent of the respondents used mithun and poultry during festivals, 100.00 per cent the respondents used mithun, pig and poultry during marriage, 100.00 per cent of respondents used poultry in rituals, 100.00 per cent in birth ceremony, 95.00 per cent of the respondents used mithun in barter system and 95.00 per cent of the respondents used mithun in legal laws. The study revealed that larger herd size enhances livelihood (89.17 per cent), more numbers of livestock increase social status (74.17 per cent), availability of transportation facilities enhances livestock rearing (77.50 per cent), animal husbandry provides supplementary income (76.66 per cent) and livestock provides social status (70.83) were the different type of assets which played major role in livelihood support of the farmers. As per the preferred means of identification of livestock in order to avoid disputes 60.00 per cent of the respondents responds practiced ear notching, followed by 50.08 per cent of the respondents by different colour pattern and 50.08 per cent by horn. Majority of the respondents 95.83 per cent preferred means of processing of livestock meat and followed 63 per cent by drying. In respect of ethno-veterinary practices leaves, roots and stems of different plants like garlic, guava, ginger, taro, mugorut, white seed, fern, banana etc were used by Nyishi tribe for treatment of different ailments of livestock. Constraints such as non availability of labourers, lack of fodder and good quality seed and lack of proper marketing channel has been identified as sever constraints perceived by the Nyishis’ in performing their livestock rearing practices.ThesisItem Open Access TRANSITION IN ETHNO-CULTURAL LIVESTOCK PREFERENCES AMONG FARMERS IN KAMRUP (R) DISTRICT OF ASSAM(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Das, Gayatri; Saharia, K. K.ndia is predominantly an agrarian society where animal husbandry is an integral part of the agricultural system and as such helps forming the backbone of national economy. The scale of production in animal husbandry has been subsistent in nature and method of rearing, traditional in nature. Commercial or market oriented production systems have not developed much. The composition of livestock population of Assam consists of 63.3 percent cattle followed by goat (21 percent). Buffalo accounts for 5.8 percent while the share of pig is 8.62 percent and sheep is the lowest, i.e. 0.66 percent. Assam does not have any economically important breeds of livestock except the indigenous bullock (2.06 million) on which most of the agricultural operations depend. Because of constantly changing atmosphere in addition to many other factors, animal husbandry in the traditional society in the state has been in transition necessitating the preferences in the farmers’ priorities. therefore a study entitled as “Transition in ethno-cultural livestock preferences among farmers in Kamrup (Rural) district, Assam “was taken up to study with the objectives- (i) Personal profile and the traditional livestock reared by the farmers. (ii)The ethno-cultural values the farmers endow to livestock (iii) The change in number and pattern of animals reared and the transition, if any since the time of his/her father (iv) The reasons of perceived transition among the farmers in livestock rearing (v) The relationship among the ethno-cultural values, transitions of livestock rearing and the reasons behind such a situation. The study was conducted in four selected developmental blocks of Kamrup (Rural) District of Assam situated to the East, West, North and South directions from the headquarters. These four blocks were Bejera, Hajo, Rangia and Boko. Twenty five farmers having at least one milch cow were selected randomly as respondents from each of the blocks thus making the sample size 100. A pre-tested, reliable and valid interview schedule was used for data collection by the researcher personally and the responses were collected on the interview schedule comprising of independent and dependent variables. Based on the data collected and the results obtained the conclusions were drawn and findings were expressed. The salient findings were- Majority of the farmers belonged to middle age group (38-50 year), Majority of respondents were male (72.00 percent), Quite a high majority of the respondents were married (94.00 percent),Quite a good number of the respondents had low educational status (46.00 percent), Majority (79.00 percent) of the respondents had medium sized families (4-7 number) Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear family type (84.00 per cent), Majority (51.00 percent) of the respondents were medium land holders (3-5 bighas), Quite a good number had agriculture as their primary occupation (43.00 percent), Majority (81.00 percent) of the respondents belonged to middle income group (Rs.48,000-217000) of family income from all source, Majority (83.00 percent) of the respondents belonged to middle income group of (Rs. 4000 to 10,000) of family income from animal husbandry or livestock sector, A good number of the respondents (49.00 per cent) had medium (Rs. 3000- to Rs. 5000/-) respondent’s own monthly income, Majority of farmers (75.00 per cent) had maintained medium herd size (3-6 numbers) presently. Majority of farmers (77.00 percent) had maintained medium herd size (2-3 numbers of equivalent cattle units) 5 yrs. back. Quite a good number (47.00 percent) respondents had medium level of social participation. Majority of farmer (54.00 per cent) were categorized ABSTRACT in medium extension contact, Among the farmers, 34.00 per cent respondents had high level of exposure to various information sources. Highest respondents (6.08 percent) reared livestock for agricultural purposes mainly for draft and manure. Cattle were highly preferred (40.83 percent) among the various farm animals, Majority (87.00 percent) of farmers had kutcha type of house, Majority of farmers (61.00 per cent) were categorized in medium risk orientation group towards animal husbandry practices. Quite a good number (49.00 percent) had medium level of attitude towards animal husbandry. Highest respondents (4.73 percent) kept animals let loose throughout the day &gave shelter at night, Highest respondents (8.90 percent) fed colostrum to the new born calves followed by regular vaccination against infectious diseases. In ‘t ‘test mean number of livestock between the two phases of study i.e. five years back and at the time of conducting the study, significantly differed and showed increase from earlier,(6.84 p=<.01),In relational analysis age of the respondents was positively and high significantly related (r=0.29, p=<.01)to mass media exposure. Whereas it was positively and significantly correlated (r=0.20,p=<.05) with earlier (5 years back) herd size , Educational qualification had positive and high significantly related (r=0.31,p=<.01) to annual family income from all sources and mass media exposure ,Whereas it had positive and significant correlation (r=0.20,p=<.05) with earlier (5 years back) herd size. Family size was found to be positively and high significantly related(r=0.27, p=<.01) to land holding, whereas it was found to be negatively and high significantly related to mass media exposure, Land holding was positively and high significantly related to occupation and risk orientation, Annual family income from all sources was found to be positively and high significantly related to educational qualification , Annual family income from livestock was positively and high significantly related to with annual family income from all sources, Social participation was positively and high significantly (r=0.31, p=<.01) related to annual family income from all sources, herd size, preference of livestock ,Mass media exposure was positively and high significantly related to age, educational qualification and social participation, whereas it had significant correlation with respondent own income per month ,Risk orientation was positively and high significantly related (r=0.25, p=<.01)to land holding ,Purpose of livestock rearing was positively and high significantly related to respondent own income per month, Preferences of livestock was positively and highly significantly(r=0.18, p=<.01) related to annual family income from all sources and annual family income from livestock, Herd size (5 yrs. earlier) was positively and high significantly(r=0.79, p=<.01) related to herd size (at the time of data collection). Whereas it had significant correlation with Age, Educational qualification, annual family income from all sources and Social participation, In multiple regression out of 12 independent variables, family size, occupation, Extension contact, and risk orientation had positive and significant influence on purpose of livestock rearing. The coefficient of determination R square =0.98, indicating that 98.00 percent variation in the purpose of livestock rearing was explained by 12 independent variables taken together. ‘F’ value for R= 4.41** which is highly significant.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BLADDER WORM DISEASES OF PIGS IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH SPECIAL REFRERENCE TO Taenia Solium TAENIASIS IN MAN(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Biswakarma, Badal; Deka, Dilip Kr.ThesisItem Open Access ECTOPARASITES OF POULTRY IN KAMRUP DISTRICT OF ASSAM: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Bora, Sanjana; Das, ManoranjanA study was conducted to record the prevalence of different ectoparasites of poultry in Kamrup (rural and metro) districts of Assam from March, 2016 to February, 2017. Out of 6514 birds; 1896 fowl(local), 4450(broilers), 108 ducks and 60 pigeons, lice infestation was 58.24% in intensive system and 64.09% in free range system, arachnids both tick and mite together was 48.61% in free range system. The lice, Menopon gallinae (52.32%); Lipeurus caponis(45.44%); Menacanthus stramineus (38.88%) and Goniodes gigas(3.68%) and no arachnids could be encountered in intensive system. The lice in free range system were Menopon gallinae (47.21%); Lipeurus caponis(46.59%)and Menacanthus stramineus (27.09%), mites were Dermanyssus gallinae(14.24%); Cnemidocoptes mutans (36.38%); Sarcoptes spp. (6.81%) and some other mites (8.20%) with significant differences amongst seasons and systems of rearing. A hard tick, Haemaphysalis spp. could be found for the first time in India with 3.10% prevalence rate. The ectoparasites of ducks recorded were lice Columbicola columbae (30.56%); Lipeurus caponis (28.70%) and some other mites (30.56%). The ectoparasites encountered in pigeons were Dermanyssus gallinae (20%); Columbicola columbae (50%) and dipteran fly Pseudolynchia canariensis (65%). Myiasis due to Chrysomyia bezziana in broiler chickens of 5-7 weeks old had a prevalence rate of 1.34% in pre-monsoon and monsoon and not in the winter season, this being the first report in North East India. Skin of fowl naturally infested with Dermanyssus gallinae revealed destruction of the superficial layer of epidermis, mild spongiosis in dermal layer characterized by vacuolation alongwith infiltration of eosinophils and heterophils histopathologically. Heavy infiltration of mononuclear cells in the dermis and areas with haemorrhages alongwith congestion were observed. Perakeratosis of stratum corneum in certain areas of the epidermis without affecting the deeper layers of the skin were noticed. Histopathologically, birds infested with Cnemidocoptes mutans, showed sloughing of the stratum corneum and cross sections of the mite in the affected areas of the epidermis, abnormal thickening of stratum granulosum indicating hyperkeratosis. Infiltration of eosinophil, heterophils and mononuclear cells and focal areas of necrosis were observed in the dermis. Skin sections of fowl infested with Cnemidocoptes mutans showed no reaction in epidermis with Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH),intense reaction in dermis with Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH),Alkaline phosphatase (AKPase) and Acid phosphatase (ACPase) and moderate reaction with AKPase and ACPase in the dermis. Chrysomyia bezziana completes its life cycle in 13 to 18 days in room temperature (28-32°C). The molecular characterization of Chrysomyia bezziana revealed 99% similarity with established database sequences of NCBI in BLAST analysis.ThesisItem Open Access FILARIAL PARASITES IN LIVESTOCK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Onchocerca armillata(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Rabha, Nidarsana; Islam, SaidulA study was conducted to record the prevalence of filarial nematodes in cattle, buffalo and goat in Kamrup district of Assam (Metro and Rural) in local abattoirs in and around Guwahati from January 2016 to January 2017. A total of 792 animals comprising cattle (n=430), buffalo (n=262) and goat (n=100) was examined for this study. In cattle 3 species of adult filarial parasite (Setaria labiato-papillosa, S. digitata and O. armillata) and in buffaloes 2 species (S. labiato-papillosa, S. digitata) of adult filarial parasite could be recorded. Light microscopic morphological studies of these parasites were conducted. Based on the presence of lesion, Stephanofilaria assamensis could be encountered in 16.00% cattle. Setaria species infection was 62.50% in buffaloes. Prevalence of Onchocerca armillata in cattle was 68.40%, more in female Jersey cross bred animals (83.09%). Skin nip examination of cattle revealed presence of O. armillata microfilariae in 28.57% cases of O. armillata infection-positive cases. The molecular identification of ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene of Onchocerca isolate of the present study revealed 95% similarity with O. fasciata which complemented the light microscopic identity of the parasite. The molecular identification of 16S rDNA gene of Wolbachia revealed 99% similarity with O. volvulus, O. ochengi, O. cervicalis and O. gutturosa. Studies on the pathology of O. armillata infected aortae could reveal three major lesion types viz., parasitic migratory tracts in the intimal layer, nodular lesions in both intimal and adventitial layer and umbilical cord-like lesions in the intimal layer. These three lesion types appeared in the aortae either as a single or in combinations. Generally there was mild infiltration of inflammatory cells particularly mononuclear cells admixed with polymorphs and a few giant cells with thickening and edema of intimal layer. Migratory tracts showed empty spaces lined by fibrous connective tissue and proliferation of collagen fibers. Nodular lesions consisted of necrotic parasites and microfilariae inside them and inflammatory cell infiltration predominated by eosinophils. Umbilical cord like lesions exhibited edematous and massive fibrotic areas with calcification. In the present attempt, developmental stages of larvae and pupae of Simulium metatarsale and S. bhutanensis were encountered at 12 different breeding sites, with predominance of the former species. Presence of Wolbachia in Simulium metatarsale could be detected through a molecular identification of Wolbachia specific 16S rDNA gene. The results revealed 99% similarity with Wolbachia of other species obtained from different geographical regions. The Wolbachia obtained from S. metatarsale had 100% similarity with Wolbachia of O. armillata of the present isolate.
