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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICE(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Gogoi, Smrita; Dutta Deka, SharmilaTraditional rice genotypes are endowed naturally with a wide range of nutraceutical properties and thus constitutes to be a potential functional food for nutritional security. The present investigation was undertaken with the objectives to study the diversity of different rice genotypes for yield and yield attributes with varying nutritional components especially iron and zinc. The differential expression of the genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in relation to iron and zinc content in rice grain and genome wide association study to identify significant marker trait associations for yield and grain quality in rice germplasm collection was also done in the present study. A group of 204 rice genotypes comprising of traditional rice including ahu, Sali, bao, aromatic and glutinous genotypes along with a few high yielding released varieties and high zinc breeding lines developed in IRRI, Philippines were evaluated during Sali 2019-20 in augmented block design and observations were taken for quantitative and qualitative traits as per DUS guideline including important phytochemicals using standard procedure. Out of these, Disang and Dimrou, were recorded as earliest flowering and maturing genotypes, whereas Gopinath and Horu Jahinga possess more number of productive tiller per plant. Joha (Meghalaya) was recorded for high spikelet fertility, whereas Horu Jahinga, Jengoni, and Kajoli chokuwa were recorded high seed yield per plant. To authenticate the common perception of high nutritional value of traditional pigmented rice genotypes, phytochemical analysis were done for 30 genotypes which were selected based on high Fe, Zn content and aleurone colour. Pigmented rice genotypes; Tulashi bora, Ikhojoy, Aus joria and Jengoni were recorded high phytochemical content along with higher Fe and Zn. Jengoni was also recorded high grain yield per plant along with biological yield per plant. Hence, Jengoni along with Tulashi bora, Ikhojoy and Aus joria are identified as promising genotypes for future nutritional breeding combining with good yield. A high significant correlation was also observed between total phenolics and antioxidant activity with total anthocyanin activity. For expression analysis, 5 genotypes were selected including one check i.e. Bahadur, on the basis of high Fe and Zn content and aleurone colour. Seven gene specific primers were designed to study the expression profile in selected genotypes by double delta CT method. The results indicated that there is no direct relationship between anthocyanin and micronutrient content and thus warrants possibility of involvement of different genes other than the tested ones. Genotyping by 6 sequencing using SNP marker was done for the present set of 204 diverse rice germplasm by outsourcing and marker and trait associations for yield and grain quality in rice germplasm collection for 20 traits was investigated. Out of the 20 traits and 75,309 SNPs analyzed, 30 SNPs showed significant associations with plant height, stem length, spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight and Zn content. Among the 30 SNPs only 18 SNPs were encoded and co-located with major candidate genes. Moreover, for spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight, four novel QTLs were detected, which were mapped on chromosome 5 and 7 at 12336034bp and 9597295bp position, respectively for spikelet fertility and on chromosome 7 and 12 at position 13808132bp and 6012015bp for 1000-grain weight. Further characterization and validation of the novel QTLs may lead to the identification of new candidate genes for these traits.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L) for Adaptation in Summer Season(AAU, Jorhat, 2022) Imsong, Bendangla; Sarma, AkashiThe present investigation was carried out using twenty three genotypes of brinjal collected from Horticultural Research Station, Kahikuchi, Department of Horticulture, AAU, Jorhat, Tezpur and Mizoram. The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. In the first growing season, the twenty three genotypes were assessed and based on the performance of genotypes and initial plant data, eight lines and three testers were selected and crossed in line x tester mating design to obtain twenty four cross combinations. The parental lines, their cross combinations and a check variety was sown in the second season.The analyses of variance revealed significant variation at genotypic level among the twenty three genotypes for all the sixteen characters except one i.e, fruit length. Between the replication, it was observed that there was significant variation in respect of leaf blade length. The characters, plant spread, fruit circumference, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit volume and fruit yield per plant had high estimates of both GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for the traits, plant spread, fruit circumference, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit volume and fruit yield per plant. The fruit yield per plant had a significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches per plant, leaf blade length, fruit pedicel length, fruit circumference, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight. There were characters which manifested to be negatively correlated with yield indicating which were days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting and days to 50% fruiting. The highest positive direct effect was of days to first flowering (6.064). The genotypic residual effect was observed to be 0.122. The twenty three genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters with cluster I having the maximum number with twelve genotypes. Cluster IV that the highest intra cluster and the inter cluster D2 value was observed to be maximum between cluster III and cluster IV. The highest contribution per cent was manifested for days to 50% flowering. The qualitative characters studied in total were fourteen. From the analysis of variance for line x tester mating design, it was found that the parents, crosses and parents vs crosses exhibited highly significant difference. The analysis of 58 variance of combining ability showed significant difference for the lines, tester and line x tester interaction. Except for the character, plant height, all the other characters exhibited significant difference for line x tester interaction. The estimates of SCA variance were higher than GCA variance which resulted in ratio of σ2GCA to σ2SCA less than one. The proportional contribution of line x tester interaction to total variance was more than the lines and testers. The proportional contribution of lines to total variance was more than testers and line x tester interaction in respect of fruit length and total phenol. Amongst parents, the line Longai Purple Long was observed to be the highest yielder, desirable lowest content of solasodine and exhibited earliness in days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting and days to 50% fruiting whereas the tester, KB4 manifested desirable mean for eleven characters which were leaf blade length, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting, days to 50% fruiting, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit yield per plant, phenol content and crude protein. The cross Green Streaked x Balijana showed desirable mean for six traits among all the crosses which were leaf blade width, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting, days to 50% fruiting and solasodine content. The highest yielder was M2 x KB4 among all the twenty four crosses. In regard to good general combining ability of the parents, the line Longai Long was observed to exhibit both positive and negative effects in desired direction for eleven traits. The lines found to be good general combiners for yield were Longai Purple Oblong and Barpeta and for earliness besides Long Long. The cross, HRS4 x Balijana was found to have the maximum number of positive and negative sca effects in favourable trend. The hybrid M2 x KB4 manifested highest average heterosis for fruit yield per plant followed by Longai Long x KB4 and HRS4 x Balijana. The cross M2 x KB4 produced the highest yield.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR MARKER BASED HETEROTIC GROUPING OF ASSAM RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(AAU, Jorhat, 2020-01) Kumar, Praveen; Sarma, DebojitIn the present investigation, a group of 55 upland rice genotypes along with 5 maintainer lines of wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (WA CMS) were characterized using 83 SSR markers. Eleven parents from diverse clusters of SSR based diversity analysis were selected for crossing in a diallel fashion following Model 1 Method II of Griffing (1956). The resultant hybrids were evaluated in RBD under two N-fertilizer doses (40 and 60 kg ha-1) for 19 different traits. Fifty-three polymorphic markers detected a total of 133 alleles across the 60 rice genotypes with an average of 2.5 alleles per polymorphic marker. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.032 (RM318) to 0.655 (RM293). The marker RM293 having the highest PIC value of 0.655 was adjudged the most appropriate marker to discriminate among the rice genotypes. The genetic divergence study grouped the 60 rice genotypes into 3 major clusters using Unweighted Neighbour-Joining (UNJ) method. Analysis of variance for the parents and their hybrids revealed significant differences for all the traits. The mean squares due to treatment were significant for all the traits. Treatment*Environment mean squares were also highly significant for all the traits except for seedling establishment. Grain yield recorded positive and significant correlations with culm height, productive tillers, biological yield and harvest index, indicating that selection based on these traits would ultimately improve seed yield. The GCA and SCA variances were highly significant for all the traits, suggesting the involvement of both additive as well as non-additive gene action in their inheritance. The SCA variance was higher than the GCA variance for all the traits, suggesting the predominance of non-additive gene action, which was also supported by the low magnitude of σ2gca/σ2sca ratios. Suryamukhi, Lal Aus, Mayamoti, IR 58025B, IR 68888B, IR 68897B, IR 79156B and Lachit were good general combiners for grain yield per plant. The crosses namely IR68888B*Luit, Lal Aus*IR80555B, Suryamukhi*Lachit, Mayamoti*IR79156B, Mayamoti*Lachit, IR58025B*IR6888B, IR58025B*IR68897B, IR58025B*IR79156B, IR58025B*IR80555B, IR68897B*Lachit, Lal Aus*IR68888B, Lal Aus*IR68897B, Lal Aus*IR79156B, Lal Aus*Lachit, Lal Aus*Luit, Bor Mekohi Dhan*Mayamoti, Bor Mekohi Dhan *IR58025B, Suryamukhi* Bor Mekohi Dhan, Suryamukhi *IR58025B and Suryamukhi*IR79156B revealed significant desirable SCA effects for grain yield per plant along with other important traits. The crosses viz., IR68888B*Lal Aus, IR68888B*Lachit, IR79197B* Bor Mekohi Dhan, IR79156B*Lal Aus, IR79156B*Lachit, IR80555B*Bor Mekohi Dhan, Suryamukhi*Mayamoti, IR68888B*IR79156B, Lal Aus*Lachit and Bor Mekohi Dhan*Luit were common in both SCA- and SSR diversity based heterotic groups. The genetic distance estimates did not correlate with the SCA effects and heterosis for grain yield. The yield-SCA effects showed positive and significant correlation with grain yield, mid-parent, better-parent and standard-parent heterosis. Thus, prediction of hybrid performance based on SCA-based clustering of the genotypes would enable identification of superior crosses before field testing. The best hybrids viz., Mayamoti*Lachit (G2*G3), IR80555B*Lal Aus (G1*G2) and Luit*IR68888B (G1*G3) belonged to inter-heterotic groups. These heterotic crosses could be exploited in a rice hybrid breeding programme to obtain high-yielding hybrids. The results of the present study, however, provided no concrete evidence to support the effectiveness of random SSR markers for separation of rice genotypes into heterotic groups.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF DEEPWATER RICE OF ASSAM FOR AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS(AAU, Jorhat, 2020-08) Das, Yater; Sharma, K. K.Deep water rice is one of the world’s most fascinating as well as challenging climate resilient crop which has elongation, kneeing and nodal tillering ability. They are rich in vital micronutrient like Fe and Zn content, have anti-oxidant property but low yielder about 1.0 to 1.5 tonnes per ha which is mainly due to its plant types, stresses encountered during growth period, low genetic potential and lack of effective breeding techniques. Hence, a study on the morphological, biochemical and biotechnological traits was done to characterize, to understand the extent of diversity and for identification of valuable traits and promising genotypes required for deepwater rice improvement. The experiment was conducted under direct seeded and transplanted conditions during 2017-18 and 25 selected genotypes from both the environment were transplanted during 2018-19. Morphological characterization consisted of 46 qualitative and 16 quantitative traits which consists of 13 monomorphic, 14 dimorphic, 11 trimorphic and 24 polymorphic traits indicating their potential for varietal characterization and distinctiveness. Kneeing ability was observed in 90 genotypes and elongation ability ranged from 3.15 cm to 132.75 cm. Maximum genotypes exhibited procumbent nature, presence of secondary branching, well exerted panicle, phenol reaction of lemma, white stigma colour, short grain length, medium amylose content and chalkiness, high gelatinization temperature, long stem length, medium test weight, red kernel colour, broad grain width and medium grain shape. Though maximum genotypes have semi-erect culm attitude but are lodging susceptible at maturity. The quantitative traits revealed significant difference under both the conditions and for 25 selected genotypes. The mean for the biochemical traits viz., protein content (7.99 %), starch content (71.38 %), amylose content (21.27 %), amylopectin (78.73%), Fe content (16.79 mg kg-1) and Zn content (23.19 mg kg-1) showed rich nutritional status of DWR which may serve as donor for future quality breeding programs. High magnitude of both GCV and PCV was recorded for elongation ability, leaf breadth and EBT per hill under direct seeded condition whereas culm diameter, EBT per hill and KL:KB showed under transplanted condition. High heritability coupled with high estimate of genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for EBT per hill, leaf length, leaf breadth, GL:GB, kernel breadth, KL:KB, culm diameter and for yield per plant under both direct seeded and transplanted condition. Protein, iron and zinc content also showed high heritability coupled with high estimate of genetic advance as percent of mean. Study of correlation coefficients revealed that yield per plant is positively correlated with EBT per hill, leaf length, leaf breadth, panicle length, grains per panicle, 100-grain weight, culm diameter, kernel breadth, protein content, number of filled grain per panicle and harvest index which indicated the importance of these traits in DWR improvement, moreover, zinc content showed positive correlation with iron content. EBT per hill, leaf length, leaf breadth, grains per panicle, 100-grain weight, kernel length, culm diameter and protein content had positive direct effect and significant positive correlation with yield per plant, indicating the true relationship among these traits. D2 analysis grouped 115 germplasms into 14, 5 and 19 clusters under direct seeded, transplanted and for physico- chemical traits respectively. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster XI and XIII, cluster II and VI, and cluster XVI and XVIII while highest intra-cluster distance in cluster VIII, Cluster III and cluster XIII under direct seeded, transplanted and for physico- chemical traits respectively. Under both the conditions, days to 50 per cent flowering, 100-grain weight and grain breadth were found the contributor of genetic divergence which prove their importance in DWR breeding programme while Zn and Fe content contributed highest towards genetic divergence for physico- chemical traits. Three markers Sub1BC2, RM 316 and RM 8300 were found to be highly scorable and informative among the thirteen markers used for screening of DWR for submergence tolerance. Three genotypes viz., Badam Bao, Betu Bao-1 and Happy Bao showed the similar banding pattern as to Ranjit–Sub1 on compiling the result of these three markers which showed that these lines are may be the haplotypes of Sub1 QTL which must be validated by sequencing of Sub1 QTL.
