FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICE
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Date
2021
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AAU, Jorhat
Abstract
Traditional rice genotypes are endowed naturally with a wide range of
nutraceutical properties and thus constitutes to be a potential functional food for
nutritional security. The present investigation was undertaken with the objectives to
study the diversity of different rice genotypes for yield and yield attributes with varying
nutritional components especially iron and zinc. The differential expression of the genes
for anthocyanin biosynthesis in relation to iron and zinc content in rice grain and
genome wide association study to identify significant marker trait associations for yield
and grain quality in rice germplasm collection was also done in the present study. A
group of 204 rice genotypes comprising of traditional rice including ahu, Sali, bao,
aromatic and glutinous genotypes along with a few high yielding released varieties and
high zinc breeding lines developed in IRRI, Philippines were evaluated during Sali
2019-20 in augmented block design and observations were taken for quantitative and
qualitative traits as per DUS guideline including important phytochemicals using
standard procedure. Out of these, Disang and Dimrou, were recorded as earliest
flowering and maturing genotypes, whereas Gopinath and Horu Jahinga possess more
number of productive tiller per plant. Joha (Meghalaya) was recorded for high spikelet
fertility, whereas Horu Jahinga, Jengoni, and Kajoli chokuwa were recorded high seed
yield per plant. To authenticate the common perception of high nutritional value of
traditional pigmented rice genotypes, phytochemical analysis were done for 30
genotypes which were selected based on high Fe, Zn content and aleurone colour.
Pigmented rice genotypes; Tulashi bora, Ikhojoy, Aus joria and Jengoni were recorded
high phytochemical content along with higher Fe and Zn. Jengoni was also recorded
high grain yield per plant along with biological yield per plant. Hence, Jengoni along
with Tulashi bora, Ikhojoy and Aus joria are identified as promising genotypes for
future nutritional breeding combining with good yield. A high significant correlation
was also observed between total phenolics and antioxidant activity with total
anthocyanin activity. For expression analysis, 5 genotypes were selected including one
check i.e. Bahadur, on the basis of high Fe and Zn content and aleurone colour. Seven
gene specific primers were designed to study the expression profile in selected
genotypes by double delta CT method. The results indicated that there is no direct
relationship between anthocyanin and micronutrient content and thus warrants
possibility of involvement of different genes other than the tested ones. Genotyping by
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sequencing using SNP marker was done for the present set of 204 diverse rice
germplasm by outsourcing and marker and trait associations for yield and grain quality
in rice germplasm collection for 20 traits was investigated. Out of the 20 traits and
75,309 SNPs analyzed, 30 SNPs showed significant associations with plant height, stem
length, spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight and Zn content. Among the 30 SNPs
only 18 SNPs were encoded and co-located with major candidate genes. Moreover, for
spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight, four novel QTLs were detected, which were
mapped on chromosome 5 and 7 at 12336034bp and 9597295bp position, respectively
for spikelet fertility and on chromosome 7 and 12 at position 13808132bp and
6012015bp for 1000-grain weight. Further characterization and validation of the novel
QTLs may lead to the identification of new candidate genes for these traits.