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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND FORMULATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES(AAU, Jorhat, 2018) GEORGE, JISNA; Devi, GitanjaliAn experiment entitled “Isolation and formulation of Entomopathogenic nematodes” was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. A random survey was conducted for the natural occurrence of EPNs during 2016-17 from vegetable growing areas. A total of two hundred soil samples were collected from ICR Farm, Experimental farm of Department of Horticulture and Hostel areas, AAU, Jorhat and Allengmora, Jorhat. Survey data revealed that out of 200 soil samples, twelve samples were positive for EPNs with six samples containing Oscheius (3%), five samples containing Heterorhabditis (2.5%) and one sample containing Steinernema (0.5%). Oscheius isolates were designated as EPN-O-J-1, EPN-O-J-2, EPN-O-J-3 and Heterorhabditid isolate designated as EPN-H-J-1, EPN-H-J-2 were found from rhizosphere of chilli, cowpea, bhendi, brinjal and chilli respectively from ICR Farm, AAU, Jorhat. Another isolate of Oscheius designated as EPN-O-J-4, EPN-O-J-5 and Heterorhabditid isolate designated as EPN-H-J-3, EPN-H-J-4, EPN-H-J-5 were found from rhizosphere of bhendi, chilli, cucumber and bhendi respectively from Hostel areas, AAU, Jorhat. One Oscheius isolate designated as EPN-O-J-6 was found from rhizosphere of pumpkin and one steinernematid isolate designated as EPN-S-J-1 was found from rhizosphere of ivy gourd from Allengmora, Jorhat. Morphological and morphometrical characters were used in the identification of nematode isolates. The identified species were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Oscheius rugaoensis and Steinernema kushidai. O. rugaoensis was the predominant species followed by H. bacteriophora and S. kushidai. Nematode survival within each formulation was determined after one week up to 6th week. Formulations were stored at 5°C and 300C. Storage stability in all formulations decreased during the storage period. Per cent survival of H. bacteriophora infective juveniles (IJs) was 99.80% in alginate gel, and 98.36% in sawdust during 6th week of storage at 50C, whereas per cent survival was less (98.90% and 98.36% respectively) at 300C up to 6th week of storage. O. rugaoensis showed 98.30% survival in sawdust and 97.30% survival in alginate gel formulation at 50C, whereas per cent survival was less (95.50% and 93.76%, respectively). Per cent survival of S. kushidai infective juveniles (IJs) was 95.56% in alginate gel, and 93.73% in sawdust, respectively during 6th week of storage at 50C, whereas per cent survival was less (93.80% and 91.53%, respectively) at 300C. The quality control measure implemented to determine the virulence of formulated nematodes, using the percentage mortality of G. mellonella as an indicator, was effective. Per cent infectivity to G. mellonella larva was more in H. bacteriophora (93.66%) in alginate gel formulation followed by O. rugaoensis (93.33%) in sawdust formulation and S. kushidai (91.00%) in alginate gel formulation in both bioassay.ThesisItem Open Access Pathogenicity and Management of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on Ivy gourd (Coccinia indica L.)(AAU, Jorhat, 2018) Sonowal, Bidisha; Mahanta, B.In the present study on pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita on Ivy gourd showed that there was a progressive decrease in the growth of Ivy gourd plants as the inoculum level of Meloidogyne incognita increased. An initial inoculum level of 100 juveniles per pot caused significant reduction in plant height, shoot weight and root weight and proved to be pathogenic to Ivy gourd plants. The reproductive rate of nematode was maximum at the initial inoculum level of 10 juveniles per pot and minimum at the highest inoculum level of 10,000 juveniles per pot. Studies on the efficacy of Glomus fasciculatum, Org-Trichojal, vermicompost and carbofuran 3G in the management of Meloidogyne incognita on Ivy gourd under field condition showed that all the treatments were effective in increasing plant growth parameters and yield of Ivy gourd. All the treatments significantly decreased root-knot index and final nematode population in soil. The treatment with Glomus fasciculatum @ 300 spores/ m2 + Org-Trichojal @ 1 l/ha + vermicompost @ 1.25 t/ha was found to be effective in increasing the plant growth parameters and yield of Ivy gourd per plot. The treatment with carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i/ha was found to be effective in suppressing the root-knot index and final nematode population in soil.ThesisItem Open Access HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN TRADITIONAL RICE CULTIVARS DUE TO RICE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne graminicola(2019-11) Gogoi, Priyanka; Borgohain, N.An investigation was carried out to observe the histopathological and biochemical changes in traditional rice cultivars of Assam. A total of 35 rice cultivars were screened against rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Out of these, eight cultivars viz., Bongal ahu, Malbhog ahu, Naga ahu, Bahadur sub-1, Shraboni, Disang, Kolong and Jaymati were found to be resistant whereas five cultivars viz., Ahu joha, Bhogali bora, Aghoni bora, Ranjit sub-1 and Kanaklata found to be moderately resistant. The two traditional cultivars viz., Sambha mashuri and Kanaklata were found to be susceptible and the remaining 20 cultivars were found to be highly susceptible. Histopathological studies of resistant cultivars revealed that there is no establishment of feeding cells with hypersensitive like reaction in pericycle areas, whereas in susceptible cultivars multinucleate giant cells with dense cytoplasm and large number of vacuole were observed. The hypertrophied and hyperplasia cell were observed surrounding the body of the nematodes and the giant cells were observed at little distance to the nematode head. While evaluating the chlorophyll content, the highest chlorophyll was found in the cultivar Naga ahu i.e 0.040 μg/ml and lowest in Dhanshree. Similarly lowest phenolic content (0.0004 mg/ml) was recorded in the cultivar Sambha mashuri and the highest in Disang and Jaymati (0.00041 mg/ml). The enzymatic activity of PPO was maximum (0.294 mg/min) in cultivar Jaymati and minimum (0.140 mg/min) in Sambha mashuri at 3min time interval. The activity of PAL was highest in the Malbhog ahu (1.57 m-1 mg-1 protein) followed by Bahadur sub-1 (1.51 m-1 mg-1 protein) and minimum in Sambha mashuri (0.16 m-1 mg-1 protein).ThesisItem Open Access EFFICACY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita IN GREENGRAM(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Kumari, Suman; Mahanta, BornaliThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION AND MASS PRODUCTION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) KALITA, RINKI MANIAn experiment entitled “Identification and mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes” was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. A systematic survey was undertaken in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat Campus for the occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes during the year 2015-16. A total of 200 soil samples were collected randomly during the period November, 2015 to March, 2016 from four habitats (vegetation type) viz., Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, Experimental farm for plantation crops and Fallow land. From each habitat 50 numbers of samples were collected. Survey data revealed that out of 200 soil samples, eight samples were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (4%), with containing 4 isolates were assigned the genus Steinernema (2%), 2 isolates were assigned to the genus Heterorhabditis (1%) and 2 isolates were assigned to the genus Oscheius (1%). Steinernematid isolates were designated as EPN-S-J-1, EPN-S-J-2, EPN-S-J-3. The isolates were found from rhizosphere of mung bean, arahar and cowpea respectively from ICR Farm, AAU, Jorhat. Another isolate of steinernematid (designated as EPN-S-J-4) was found from rhizosphere of citrus from the Experimental farm of the Department of Horticulture. One heterorhabditid isolate (designated as EPN-H-J-1) was found from rhizosphere of citrus and one isolate of Oscheius (designated as EPN-O-J-1) was found from rhizosphere of coconut in the Experimental farm of the Department of Horticulture. One heterorhabditid isolate (designated as EPN-H-J-2) and another isolate of Oscheius (designated as EPN-O-J-2) were found from tea garden of Experimental farm for plantation crops of AAU, Jorhat. Entomopathogenic nematodes were not recovered from the fallow land. EPN species were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema aciari, Oscheius chongmingensis based on their morphological and morphometrical study of different life stages (infective juveniles, adults of both generations). The mass multiplication of three isolates Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema aciari, Oscheius chongmingensis were done on different artificial media (plant and animal origin media). In plant origin media consisted of nine treatments including a control with three replications were laid out in a Completely Randomized Designs. The treatments were T1 (Wheat flour and sunflower oil), T2 (Wheat flour and soya oil), T3 (Wheat flour and coconut oil), T4 (Soya flour and sunflower oil), T5 (Soya flour and soya oil), T6 (Soya flour and coconut oil), T7 (Green gram flour and sunflower oil), T8 (Green gram flour and soya oil), T9 (Green gram flour and coconut oil) and control (Soya flour and corn oil). Among these treatments, T9 containing green gram flour and coconut oil which was found to be highest multiplication rate in all EPN specis viz., Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema aciari, Oscheius chongmingensis 97.92 x 105, 114.17 x 105, 104.10 x 105 IJs/flask, respectively. Out of these EPNs spp. Steinernema aciari was found to be more yield (114.17x105) in T9. The medium containing wheat flour and sunflower oil (T1) recorded lowest multiplication rate for Oscheius chongmingensis (3.68 x105) and the medium containing wheat flour, soya oil (T2) recorded lowest multiplication rate for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (5.19x105) and Steinernema aciari (2.67 x105). In animal origin media comprising of varied sources of proteins and lipids of animal origin and consisted of three treatments including a control with five replications were laid out in a Completely Randomized Designs. Treatments were T1 (Dog biscuit), T2 (Goat waste homogenate), T3 (Pork homogenate) and control (Chicken offal homogenate). Among these treatment, T3 containing pork homogenate which was found to be highest yield in three isolates viz., Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema aciari, Oscheius chongmingensis were 6.54x105, 17.24x105, 5.99x105 IJs/100 flask respectively and more yield was found Steinernema aciari. T2 containing goat waste homogenate recorded the least multiplication rate of all three isolates viz., Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema aciari, Oscheius chongmingensis were 3.67x105, 6.75x105, 3.47x105 IJs/100 flask, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF Meloidogyne incognita AND Sclerotinia sclerotiorum DISEASE COMPLEX ON FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Dutta, Ananya; Borah, A.In the present study on the interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on French bean, the results indicated that the dual inoculation treatments significantly decreased plant growth parameters over the treatments with S. sclerotiorum @ 0.2% w/w and M. incognita @ 1000 J2/kg of soil. The treatment with M. incognita @ 1000 J2/kg of soil and S. sclerotiorum @ 0.2 % w/w simultaneous inoculation was statistically superior in decreasing the plant growth parameters of French bean. However, the number of galls, eggmasses and final nematode population in soil were found maximum in single inoculation treatment than dual inoculation treatments. The highest number of galls, eggmasses and nematode population were observed in the treatment with M. incognita @ 1000 J2/kg of soil. Maximum disease incidence was recorded in the treatment with M. incognita @ 1000 J2/kg soil + S. sclerotiorum @ 0.2% w/w after 15 days inoculation. Studies on the efficacy of biocontrol agent and chemicals against M. incognita and S. sclerotiorum disease complex on French bean under net house condition showed that all the treatments differed significantly over control in respect of increasing plant growth parameters. The seed treatments with T. harzianum @ 5ml/ kg + seed treatment with carbendazim 0.05% w/w + soil application with carbofuran @ 0.5 kg a.i/ha was found to be most effective in increasing plant growth parameters of French bean. All the treatments significantly decreased the number of galls, eggmasses and final nematode population in soil except control and the treatment with carbendazim @ 0.3% w/w. However, the treatment with carbofuran @ 1 kg a.i/ha was found to be best in suppressing the number of galls, eggmasses and final nematode population in soil. Maximum reduction in disease incidence was recorded in the seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 5ml/ kg + seed treatment with carbendazim 0.05% w/w + soil application with carbofuran @ 0.5 kg a.i/ha.ThesisItem Open Access OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE Meloidogyne incognita IN PATCHOULI Pogostemon cablin(AAU, Jorhat, 2016-07) Buragohain, Pallab; Gogoi, B.B.Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco)] is an important aromatic plant belonging to family Lamiaceae, is a native of Philippines (Arpana et al., 2008). It is grown wild in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and few other countries. Owing to high demand of its essential oil many countries have domesticated this crop. It has multiple uses, it is used in cosmetics, breath fresheners, flavouring baked foods, meat, sausages, etc. Patchouli is very susceptible to root -knot nematode and wilt causing pathogens. In moist and wet weather condition root knot infestation is high in plants which may lead to wilting of plant and kill the plant within 2-3 days due to secondary infection by fungal and bacterial pathogens. The study on “Occurrence and distribution of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in patchouli Pogostemon cablin” was carried out in the year 2014 -2016, in Golaghat, Nagaon, Jorhat and Sonitpur districts by conducting a survey programme. A total of 123 samples were collected randomly from the four districts. Root-knot infestation was recorded in most of the fields covering the four districts. Root and soil samples were found to be heavily infested by root-knot nematode. The maximum frequency was recorded in Nagaon districts i.e. 38.88 per cent whereas minimum frequency of 21.87 per cent was recorded in Golaghat district. Many fungal pathogens were found to be associated with most of the root-knot infested plants. In the present investigation, three fungal pathogens were found to be associated with root-knot infested plants. They are Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Cercospora sp. It has been observed that the patchouli plants are also infested by different insect pests like leaf roller and grass hopper. These insect pests are voracious eater and almost eat up the green foliage leading to defoliation and heavy yield loss.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and Morphometric variations of Genus, Paratylenchus and Macroposthonia in Assam(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Hazarika, Namita; Das, DebanandThe present investigations were carried out to study the morphological and morphometric variation of genus Paratylenchus and Macroposthonia from Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam. Altogether 354 soil samples were collected from four districts of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone and Macroposthonia viz., Jorhat, Golaghat, Sivasagar and Dibrugarh from the rhizosphere of rice, maize, brinjal, banana, citrus and tea. The population of both the genera collected from four districts were identified as Paratylenchus curvitatus and Macroposthonia onostris. The present study revealed that ‘V’ ratio and stylet length were the stable characters (C.V. 1.16-4.89%) for Paratylenchus curvitatus while, body length, a, b, lip height and lip width, MB , basal bulb width, lip width are the least variable characters (C.V. 4.17-12%); c, c´, basal bulb are moderately variable character (C.V. 10.53-20.50%). The study on morphometric and allometric variations of Macroposthonia onostris from Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam concludes that V ratio and MB ratio were the stable characters (C.V. 0.55-7.32%) for M. onostris while a, b c, c´, lip annules, Roes, Rex, Rv, Ran, are the moderately variable characters (C.V. 2.29-18.82%). Body length, R, Rst, Rvan are highly variable characters (C.V. 6.37-36.93%) for M. onostris.ThesisItem Open Access Exploitation of native biocontrol agents for the management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting okra.(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Kurulkar, Uday J.; Bhagawati, B.Survey was conducted during 2014-15 for the isolation of native fungal biocontrol agents from eggmasses of Meloidogyne incognita infecting various crops in Assam. A total of 29 fungal isolates comprising of 7 genera with 9 species viz., T. harzianum, P. niphetodes, A. falciformi, F. oxysporum, F. solani, A. niger, A. flavus, V. leguminacea, Penicillium sp. were recovered from five different locations of Jorhat and golaghat district of Assam viz., Charigaon ,Alengmora, Danichopari, Namdeori and Barbheta. All the species showed varied relative frequency of occurance, F. oxysporum being the most frequently occurred species with 31.03 per cent of total fungal isolates. Further, these bioagents including unidentified species were evaluated for their efficacy on parasitism of eggs, egg hatch and juvenile mortality of M. incognita under in-vitro conditions. Among the bioagents T. harzianum, P. niphetodes, A. falciformi, F. oxysporum and F. solani were found to be egg parasitic in nature. However, the efficacy varied among bioagents and high percentage of egg parasitism, egg hatch inhibition and mortality of M. incognita juvenile with low LC50 value of culture filtrate at different exposure time were recorded in the bioagent T. harzianum and found to be best bioagent. Hence T. harzainum was selected for studying its efficacy against M. incognita under pot conditions. For this, T. harzianum was applied either as seed treatment and/or soil application or both. Carbosulfan as seed treatment and carbofuran as soil application were applied as chemical checks both either singly or in combination. The results showed that either T. harzianum or the chemicals (Carbosulfan and Carbosulfan) when applied together as seed treatment and soil application, significantly improved plant growth parameters of okra and reduced nematode multiplication as compared to when they were applied either as seed treatment or soil application. Application of chemicals either as seed treatment or soil application emerged as most effective treatment as compared to T. harzianum increase in plant growth parameter and reducing nematode multiplication. However, in respect of T. harzianum when applied together as seed treatment and soil application showed significantly better results in increasing in plant growth and reduction in nematode multiplication as compared that of the treatments with carbosulfan as seed treatment and carbofuran as soil application alone. Further, all the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameters of okra and reduced the nematode multiplication from that of control.
