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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access CULTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF Metarhizium anisopliae.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) SONUNE, BHUSHAN DEVIDAS.; Patil, Dr. M. J.Metarhizium anisopliae is characterized as green muscardine fungus due to green colour of the sporulating colonies. M. anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus, used as important natural biocontrol agent against many insect pests throughout the world. It causes the death of insect due to the infective peg penetrate in the layer of insects integument and obliteration of tissues also production of toxins and proteolytic enzymes by the fungus. The present study was aimed to isolate M. anisopliae from the infected insects of this region and evaluate the cultural and morphological characters of the fungus. Total ten isolates were collected from the infected insects and from market products. The isolates were identified by testing growth characters on media and morphological characters. The white, prominently raised mycelial growth became greenish on sporulation on the medium. The conidiophores were errect, branched covered by conidia, the conidia were apical long single celled ovoid to cylindrical with rounded end. These isolates were tested on Spodoptera litura larvae for pathogenicity of M. anisopliae fungus. All the isolates showed variable mortality percentage and maximum mortality was noticed by Ma2 (90%) in S. litura larvae. Further confirmation of efficacy of spore suspension was assessed by leaf dip method and it was observed that the mortality was rapidly increased upto 91.66 per cent in spore concentration of 1 x 109 spore/ml on 10th days of incubation. The rate of mortality was reduced with reduction in the spore concentration. Therefore Ma2 isolates was taken for further studies. Cultural and morphological studies of M. anisopliae was taken on four different media viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar + Yeast Extract (SDAY) and Sabouraud Maltose Agar (SMA) medium. SDAY medium support maximum growth and sporulation of M. anisopliae at 250C temperature, 95 per cent relative humidity and 5.5 pH levels. Compatibility studies were assessed with four insecticides viz., Imidacloprid, Spinosad, Chloropyriphos and Indoxacarb. Out of these M. anisopliae slightly compatible with spinosad and imadacloprid at normal concentration dose of insecticide.ThesisItem Open Access SHELF LIFE OF Trichoderma asperellum in DIFFERENT OIL FORMULATIONS.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) MANE, KU. KAJAL KISAN.; Guldekar, Dr. D. D.An investigation entitled “Shelf life of Trichoderma asperellum in different oil formulations” was carried out during 2018-2019. paraffin oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, potato dextrose broth and talc was extensively used as carrier for Trichoderma asperellum. As compared to solid based carrier material the survival of Trichoderma asperellum in liquid based formulations is quite high and have the ability to limit the heat transfer high water holding capacity and maintain water around the cells for their metabolism. Shelf life studies clearly indicated significant differences at all the intervals. Population density of T. asperellum in the paraffin oil was 28.00 x 108 CFU/ml at 30 days whereas the population density of T. asperellum in the 180 days was 18.33 x 108 CFU/ml. It was found significantly superior over all other treatment. The per cent spore germination in formulation containing paraffin oil is 59.18 per cent. Maximum colonies was observed in pH range of 5.2-5.7 in paraffin oil treatment (T1) when the effect of liquid formulation on pH of Trichoderma asperellum was studied. It is significantly superior over the other treatment which we have under study. This ph range were found to be optimal for antagonistic potential of T. asperellum against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii. The effect on percent growth inhibition on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is 74.44 per cent, on Rhizoctonia bataticola is 81.85 per cent and Sclerotium rolfsii is 72.6 per cent. It was recorded maximum in formulation containing paraffin oil it was found significantly superior over all the treatments. The effect of liquid formulations on spore germination of T. asperellum was also recorded the maximum spore germination are found in formulation containing paraffin oil after 180 days of storage. The effect of Trichoderma formulation on seed germination, root length, shoot length, SVI of bengal gram, when seed inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia bataticola, Sclerotium rolfsii by using paper towel method maximum germination percentage was 87.33, 74.33, 73.00 percent respectively in T1 (paraffin oil) . However root and shoot length was maximum in T1 (21.66 cm and 31.33 cm), (19.66 cm and 30.66 cm), (18.66 cm and 30.00 cm) respectively. The maximum seedling vigour index was found in paraffin oil seed treatment.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF GLADIOLUS WILT BY USING LEAVES OF ALLELOPATHIC PLANTS.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) GAVADE, VAIBHAV SUHAS.; Potdukhe, Dr. S. R.The present study entitled as "Management of gladiolus wilt by using leaves of allelopathic plants" was carried out during 2018-2019, at Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, with two main treatment viz., Levels of allelopathic M1 (2g leaves/100g soil), M2 (4g leaves/100g soil) and M3 (6g leaves/100g soil) and five allelopathic plants viz., Allium sativum (Garlic clove), Ipomoea carnea (Besharm), Annona innoxia (Sitaphal), Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum. The test fungus was found pathogenic and resulted 80% wilt in Psittacenus Hybrid. In vivo experiment Azadirachta indica treatment was found significantly superior requires minimum days to emergence of corms (15 days) and minimize the wilt incidence (56.89%) and mortality (11.11%) and also increased shoot length plant-1 (35.10 cm/ plant-1), spike length plant-1 (50.22 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (5.73 number of flower/spike (7.21), number of corm plant-1 (6) and weight of corm (16.04g) over Fusarium. Treatment M3 showed minimum wilt incidence (55.01%) and mortality (22.22%) and maximum shoot length (35.45 cm/ plant-1), spike length plant-1 (49.41 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (5.74), number of flower/spike (6.96), number of corm plant-1 (6.29) and weight of corm (15.87 g/pl) than that of M2 treatment (4g leaves/100g soil) and M1 treatment (2g leaves/100g soil).ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF Bradyrhizobium japonicum AND ITS COMPATIBILITY WITH FUNGICIDES.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) DINKWAR, KU. GITANSHU TARENDRA.; Thakur, Dr. K. D.Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is cultivated intensively in India. Legumes derive 5-83 per cent of their nitrogen (N) requirement by biological nitrogen fixation under field conditions. The use of various chemicals is imperative to achieve profitable yields. However, these chemicals used as plant protectants have been found to exert either synergistic or toxic effects on legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. Therefore, present studies on ‘‘Characterization of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its compatibility with fungicides”, were planned and conducted with defined objectives, at Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, during 2018-19. The test B. japonicum and Rhizobium sp. was isolated from functional root nodules of soybean plants, on congo-red yeast extract mannitol agar medium. The colonies of isolates were circular, convex, glistening, opaque and whitish pink colonies of 2-4 mm dia. with regular or entire margin with marked distinction from red colored colonies of Agrobacterium. The purified strains were aerobic, gram negative, non-spore forming and motile rods. Out of 25 purified isolates, 20 (80%) were slow grower Bradyrhizobium sp. (turn medium blue) and 5 (20%) were fast grower Rhizobium sp. (turn medium yellow) was found on YEMA media supplemented with Bromothymolblue. The optimum growth kinetics for B. japonicum and Rhizobium sp. was 35°C at neutral pH (7.0). Both fast and slow growing rhizobia were found to be positive for oxidase, KOH, starch hydrolysis, nitrate reduction and catalase activity. Among all the 25 isolates tested, 23 isolates showed positive reaction to gelatin hydrolysis except Bj-11 and Bj-21 while, 21 isolates were reacted positive to H2S production whereas, the four isolates viz., Bj-1, Bj-2, Bj-8 and Bj-23 were negative in reaction. While all the samples were found negative for IAA production. Pot culture experiment revealed that seed inoculation with different B. japonicum and Rhizobium sp. isolates recorded significant improvement in nodule number and plant height over uninoculated control. All the B. japonicum and Rhizobium sp. inoculants recorded higher plant height ranged from 35.00 to 65.00 cm at flowering stage. Interactions of all the inoculants ranged from 3.00 to 22.00 nodules per plant at maximum flowering period. Some of the isolates viz., Bj-9, Bj-10, Bj-14, Bj-17, Bj-19, Bj-23, Bj-25 could produce large and pink nodules indicating their effective symbiosis with soybean. The test of compatibility with systemic, non-systemic / contact, combi-fungicides at recommended field dosages 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of the Reommended doses were evaluated in vitro against B. japonicum of soybean, by inhibition zone technique. The fungicides carbendazim 50% WP and mancozeb 75% WP at all four dosages were found compatible with B. japonicum, as they didn’t showed any zone of inhibition, at 72 hrs of incubation. Whereas, rest of the three fungicides viz., captan 75% WP, carboxin 75% WP, vitavax power 75% WP tested at four various concentrations were found inhibited by the test bacterium and produced average inhibition zone of around 00.00-19.66 mm, 8.56mm and 10.52mm respectively, at 72 hrs of incubation.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF CARRIER BASED Bradyrhizobium japonicum AND PSB ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) BORUDE, SANTOSH ANKUSHRAO.; Ingole, Dr. M. N.The present investigations entitled “Comparative effect of carrier and liquid based Bradyrhizobium japonicum and PSB on growth and yield of soybean was conducted in Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during Kharif 2018-19.Effect of various soybean seed treatments on germination, shoot length, root length and seedling vigour index were recorded. Highest germination (93.33%), shoot length (16 cm), root length (16.66 cm) and maximum seedling vigour index (3048.15) were achieved in treatment of Carbendazim + Bradyrhizobium + PSB. Seed treatment with Carbendazim + Bradyrhizobium japonicum + PSB showed highest nodulation at 30 days (34.45), 45 days (39.19) and 60 days (41.33). In vivo evaluation of Carbendazim and biofertilizers seed treated with Carbendazim + Bradyrhizobium japonicum + PSB indicated maximum amount of available Nitrogen (180.24 kg / ha) and Phosphorous (15.1 kg / ha) as compare to control N (111.41 kg / ha) & P (8 kg / ha).Effect of various treatments on yield and dry matter were evaluated. Highest yield (2266 kg / ha) and dry matter (16.90 g / plant) was obtained in Carbendazim + Bradyrhizobium japonicum + PSB. Bradyrhizobium Japonicum and PSB were found compatible with all doses of carbendazim. Whereas Trichoderma viride was observed non compatible with test doses of carbendazim. Seeds treatment with Carbendazim + Bradyrhizobium + PSB achieved higher ICBR i.e. 1: 13.32 ratio as net return Rs. 17664 / ha.ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNGBEAN RHIZOBIUM.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) SHARATH CHAND, H R.; Patil, Dr. M. J.The Rhizobium is nitrogen fixing bacteria which is essential feature of leguminous plants. Increased cultivation of legumes is essential for the regeneration of nutrient deficient soils. The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis has received most attention and bacteria colonize plant cell with root nodules and commonly found in pulses. Total twenty (20) nodule samples of mungbean plants were collected from twenty different locations of Maharashtra. The isolates were identified as fast growing rhizobia (Rhizobium sp.) and slow growing rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium sp.) on BTB medium. Colonies of bacteria depiciting rod shape, white in colour. All Rhizobium isolates showed circular, convex, White, round, glistening, mucoid and opaque colonies, Bradyrhizobium sp. showed Light pink, round, convex, glistening, mucoid colony. In biochemical tests all the fast growing Rhizobium sp. and slow growing Bradyrhizobium sp. were found to be positive for catalase, oxidase, Potassium hydroxide (KOH), starch hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis test and nitrate reduction activities. Negative reaction was found in indole test and for hydrogen sulphide production test. Among twenty isolates, fourteen were positive for hydrogen sulphide test and remmainig 6 isolates (Rh-1, Rh-2, Rh-7, Rh-8, Rh-13 and Rh-19) isolates were found negative. The optimum temperature for growth of Rhizobium sp. were recorded at 30°C and 35°C and optimum growth was noticed in pH 7.0. All isolates were tested for their performance under pot culture experiment conducted in net house condition. Isolate Rh-2 was found to be the most effective in enhancing the growth of the plant in all the three parameters such as shoot length, root length and number of nodules of vigna radiata.ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNGBEAN RHIZOBIUM.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) SHARATH CHAND, H R.; Patil, Dr. M. J.The Rhizobium is nitrogen fixing bacteria which is essential feature of leguminous plants. Increased cultivation of legumes is essential for the regeneration of nutrient deficient soils. The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis has received most attention and bacteria colonize plant cell with root nodules and commonly found in pulses. Total twenty (20) nodule samples of mungbean plants were collected from twenty different locations of Maharashtra. The isolates were identified as fast growing rhizobia (Rhizobium sp.) and slow growing rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium sp.) on BTB medium. Colonies of bacteria depiciting rod shape, white in colour. All Rhizobium isolates showed circular, convex, White, round, glistening, mucoid and opaque colonies, Bradyrhizobium sp. showed Light pink, round, convex, glistening, mucoid colony. In biochemical tests all the fast growing Rhizobium sp. and slow growing Bradyrhizobium sp. were found to be positive for catalase, oxidase, Potassium hydroxide (KOH), starch hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis test and nitrate reduction activities. Negative reaction was found in indole test and for hydrogen sulphide production test. Among twenty isolates, fourteen were positive for hydrogen sulphide test and remmainig 6 isolates (Rh-1, Rh-2, Rh-7, Rh-8, Rh-13 and Rh-19) isolates were found negative. The optimum temperature for growth of Rhizobium sp. were recorded at 30°C and 35°C and optimum growth was noticed in pH 7.0. All isolates were tested for their performance under pot culture experiment conducted in net house condition. Isolate Rh-2 was found to be the most effective in enhancing the growth of the plant in all the three parameters such as shoot length, root length and number of nodules of vigna radiata.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MATTER IN THE PRODUCTION OF AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) GATOLE, ANKUSH UTTAM.; Potdukhe, Dr. S. R.Azolla is small aquatic fern which has symbiotic association with nitrogen fixing Anabaena azollae. It is used as green manuring crop for wetland rice cultivation. The growth and nitrogen fixing capacity of Azolla is highly influenced due to micronutrient supply in the medium. Looking to the problem an investigation entitled “Utilization of different organic matter in the production of Azolla microphylla” was undertaken at Plant Pathology Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. An experiment was carried out in CRD with nine treatments in three replication during the year 2018-2019. Two kg organic matter in 15 lit of water added. The observation such as fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content and heterocyst percentage, phosphorus and nitrogen content and weather parameters in Azolla were recorded at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after inoculation. The results shows that there were significant differences on the above parameters over uninoculated soil treatment. In the experiment maximum fresh weight of Azolla was obtained in the treatment of T5 (Compost) 318.84 g/pot at 30 DAI and 470.89 g/pot at 60 DAI. Similarly dry weight of Azolla was also recorded with T5 recording 14.86 g/pot at 30 DAI and 22.60 g/pot at 60 DAI, and 23.46 and 23.23 g/pot at 90 and 120 DAI respectively. As regard chlorophyll content treatment T5 registered 1.61 mg/g at 30 DAI and 1.76 mg/g at 60 DAI. Chlorophyll was decreased in 90 and 120 Days. Heterocyst percentage was found to be increase as application of compost manure at all the interval significantly. It was reveled from the data that the compost manure treatment proved to be best in increasing all the parameters followed by FYM treatment on growth of Azolla.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular and biochemical characterization of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-23) ISOKAR, SHUBHAM SUBHASH.; Bramhankar, Dr. S. B.Citrus is one of the important tropical and subtropical fruits in the world as well as in India which belongs to the family Rutaceae and sub-family Aurantioedae. Among all factors responsible for decline in citrus production, citrus canker is one of the most serious problem which is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The bacterium infects the twigs, petioles, fruit stalks and fruits, resulting in both qualitative and quantitative loss in acid lime. The disease is characterized by raised corky necrotic lesions, surrounded by yellowish halo on the leaves. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri was successfully isolated on the nutrient agar medium, from the fresh lesions on the leaves of naturally canker infected acid lime leaves collected from different agroclimatic zones of Maharashtra. The fourteen isolates were designated from Xcc-1 to Xcc-14 representing the agroclimatic zone. Pathogenic ability of all different isolates of Xcc were confirmed and found that isolate Xcc-6, Xcc-7 Xcc-10, Xcc11 and Xcc-12 showed highly pathogenic to initiate minute canker lesion and fully developed symptoms after 17-22 days. While Xcc-1, Xcc-2, Xcc-3, Xcc-4, Xcc-5, Xcc-8, Xcc-9 and Xcc-13 were found to produce very poor in virulence symptoms. The studies on physiological characteristics of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. showed the maximum growth of pathogen observe at temperature 300C and at pH level 7. A several bio-chemical test were conducted to differentiate the isolate. All isolates of bacteria were found negative test for gram’s staining while positive for starch hydrolysis, potassium hydroxide test, catalase test, hydrogen sulphide production, gelatin liquefaction, indole production, nitrate reduction acid and gas production tests to performed to characterized the Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers J-pth1/Jpth-2, J Rxg/Rxc2,Xac-01/Xac-02, M+/M- and Ms+/Ms- was performed on fourteen isolates. The patterns showed by PCR analysis were identical for all the isolates tested confirming their identity as Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The genetic variability was studied by using five inter simple sequence repeat and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA primers. A total of 16 amplicons were obtained with the 5 UBC series primers. Out of 16 bands 14 were found to be polymorphic and 2 were monomorphic and the level of average polymorphism was 87.50 per cent. Isolate Xcc-11 (Nagpur) had higher value of similarity coefficient (0.85) with Xcc-10 (Wardha), whereas Xcc-12 (Gadchiroli), had lower value of similarity coefficient (0.42) with Xcc-1 (Sindhudurg) with high degree of polymorphism while two primers OPF-4 and OPF-2 failed to produce scorable bands. A total of 28 amplicons were obtained with the 3 primers. All the bands produced were polymorphic with 100 per cent polymorphism. Isolate Xcc-11 (Nagpur) had higher value of similarity coefficient (0.81) with Xcc-10 (Wardha), whereas Xcc-2 (Dapoli), had lower value of similarity coefficient (0.41) with Xcc-13 (Gondia).
