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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access FERTIGATION STUDIES IN BITTER GOURD.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2021-07-20) KSHIRSAGAR, SNEHA KUNDLIK.; Nagre, Dr. P. K.The present investigation entitiled “Fertigation studies in bitter gourd” was carried out during 2018-2019 (Kharif season) and 2019-2020 (Summer season) at the Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS) to study the effect of different fertigation levels and intervals on growth, yield, quality, soil nutrient status, total nutrient status and economics of bitter gourd and to find out suitable combination of fertigation levels and intervals for higher yield and better fruit quality of bitter gourd. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with two replications. The main plot treatment consist of five fertigation levels (F) viz., F1- 100% of RDF through soil as a straight fertilizer, F2- 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer , F3- 100% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer, F4¬¬- 80% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer, and F5- 60% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer and sub plot treatment included three Fertigation intervals (S) viz.,S1- at 4 days interval, S2- at 8 days interval and S3- at 12 days interval. It was observed that the growth and yield parameters of bitter gourd were significantly influenced by the different fertigation levels and intervals. The results revealed that the fertigation levels F2 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) and fertigation interval S1 i.e 4 days interval found to produce significantly maximum vegetative growth in terms of vine length and number of branches at all growth stages, leaf area, number of female flowers and fruit set (%). The interaction of these both treatments F2S1 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days intervals exhibited same results during both the season and pooled mean. The characters related to flowering viz., days to first male flower appears, days to first female flower appears and node at which first female flower appears were observed significantly earliest and lowest in the fertigation levels F2 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) and fertigation interval S1 i.e 4 days interval during both the season and pooled mean. The interaction of both best factors F2S1 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer with 4 days intervals during both the season. The minimum male: female ratio (10.07 and 11.28 respectively) was observed in fertigation level F5 (60% of RDF through water soluble) and with fertigation interval S3 (fertigation at 12 days intervals) during both the season and pooled mean. whereas the combination F5S3 i.e. 60% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 12 days intervals during kharif season and pooled mean (9.20 and 10.35 respectively) and F1S1 (100% of RDF through soil as straight fertilizer with 4 days intervals) found minimum male: female ratio (11.10) during summer season. The fertigation levels F2 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation)) and fertigation interval S1 (4 days intervals) also recorded significantly maximum yield attributing characters like fruit set (87.24, 68.90 and 78.07 respectively) and (85.32, 67.05 and 76.19 respectively), number of fruits per vine ( 36.90, 32.77 and 34.83 respectively) and (35.36, 30.90 and 33.13 respectively), average fruit weight (105.27, 97.03 and 101.15 gm respectively) and (100.42, 93.67 and 97.04 gm respectively),fruit yield (3.90, 3.20 and 3.55 kg/vine respectively) and (3.62, 2.94 and 3.28 kg/vine respectively) and yield per ha (194.93, 159.82 and 177.37 q/ha respectively) and (180.97, 146.85 and 163.91 q/ha respectively) was found during both the season and pooled mean. While interaction F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days intervals) recorded significantly maximum like number of fruits per plant (41.40, 35.90 and 38.65), average fruit weight (114.04, 106.06 and 110.05 gm), fruit yield (4.72, 3.80 and 4.26 kg/vine) and yield per ha (236.10, 190.18 and 213.14 q/ha) respectively. The quality attributes viz., fruit length (cm) and fruit diameter (cm) were also recorded significantly maximum in the fertigation levels F2 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation)), fertigation intervals (4 days interval) and interaction effect treatment F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days interval) during both the season and pooled mean. The fertigation levels F2 , fertigation interval S1 and interaction effect treatment F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days intervals) recorded significantly maximum total NPK uptake and available soil nutrients in both the season. Considering higher yield, quality and B:C ratio (1:3.85 during kharif season and 1:4.62 during summer season) the treatment F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (fertigation) with 4 days interval) can be considered as a best treatment.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGATION MEDIA ON ROOTING OF MARIGOLD CUTTINGS AND IT’S FIELD PERFORMANCE(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2020-01-11) LOKHANDE, SUSHMA BANSI; Dalal, Dr. S. R.A field investigation entitled " Effect of different propagation media on rooting of marigold cuttings and it’s field performance " was carried out during the years 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Floriculture Unit, Department of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola with the objectives to study the effect of different propagation media on rooting of cutting, growth, flowering, yield and quality of marigold and to find out suitable propagation media for higher and better quality flower production of marigold. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments comprised of twelve different propagating medias viz. soil, sand, vermicompost, FYM, cocopeat, soil + sand (1:1), soil+ vermicompost (1:1), soil + FYM (1:1), sand + vermicompost (1:1), sand + FYM (1:1), soil + sand + vermicompost (1::1:1) and soil + sand + FYM (1:1:1). The result of the present investigation indicated that, significantly minimum days to callusing, maximum roots plant-1, root length as well as leaf area of marigold cuttings were recorded with the vermicompost media. Whereas, significantly minimum days to rooting, maximum rooting success, leaves plant-1 were recorded under the cocopeat media. Performance of transplanted marigold plants in respect of growth parameters viz. plant height, leaves plant-1, branches plant-1, weight of fresh biomass as well as leaf area were noticed significantly maximum in the plants obtained from the vermicompost media. Whereas, maximum plant spread was noted under the plants obtained from cocopeat media. Similarly, significantly minimum days for emergence of first flower bud, 50 per cent flowering, days to first harvesting and maximum blooming period of marigold were observed in the plants obtained from vermicompost media. Flower yield in respect of weight of flowers plant-1, number of flowers plant-1, flower yield plant-1, plot-1 and ha-1 were harvested significantly maximum in the plants obtained from vermicompost media. Flower quality parameters viz, diameter of fully opened flower, weight of petals flower-1,shelf life and vase life of flower were found to be the best with vermicompost media. However, longevity of intact flower was noted maximum under the cocopeat media. In economic analysis, the vermicompost media recorded maximum B:C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SEVERITY OF PRUNING AND FRUIT RETENTION ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF CUSTARD APPLE.(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuksh Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2023-01-23) JADHAV, KARAN PRALHAD.; Panchbhai, Dr. D. M.The present investigation entitled “Effect of severity of pruning and fruit retention on fruit yield and quality of custard apple” was carried out during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Dhanaj (Khu), Tq- Karanja, Dist- Washim (MS) to study the effect of severity of pruning on flowering, fruit setting and fruit development of custard apple, to study the effect of fruit retention on fruit development, fruit size, fruit yield and quality of custard apple and to find out the suitable pruning intensity and fruit retention for quality yield of custard apple. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design designed with four severity of pruning viz., P1- No pruning (control), P2- Light pruning: thickness of branch 3-5mm (Refill thickness), P3- Medium pruning: thickness of branch 6-10mm (Pencil thickness) and P4- Hard pruning: thickness of branch 11-15mm (Thumb thickness) and fruit thinning are T1- no thinning (control), T2- fruit retention up to 100 fruits per plant, T3- fruit retention up to 80 fruits per plant, T4- fruit retention up to 60 fruits per plant and T5- fruit retention up to 40 fruits per plant. Light pruning shows the highest number of flowers per branch. However, maximum fruit set percentage and less stony fruit percentage was obtained in medium pruning. Early sprouting, maximum number of shoots emerged per branch, minimum days to flowering and minimum days to harvesting was found in unpruned plant. The early harvesting and less stone fruit were noticed in fruit retention up to 40 fruit per plant followed by fruit retention up to 60 fruit per plant. The fruit retention does not show any significant effect on growth parameters except days to harvesting and stony fruit percentage. Maximum fruit yield per plant (kg), fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (t/ha-1) was recorded in medium pruning and no thinning. Maximum A and B grade quality fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (t/ha -1) was found in medium pruning and fruit retention upto 40 fruits per plant followed by fruit retention upto 60 fruits per plant. The minimum C and D grade fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hector (t/ha -1) was recorded in medium pruning and fruit retention upto 40 fruits per plant. The fruit quality in respect of fruit quality characters such as, maximum weight of fruit, fruit length, fruit breadth, weight of pulp, weight of peel, lowest number of seed and seed weight was recorded in medium pruning and fruit retention upto 40 fruits per plant followed by fruit retention upto 60 fruits per plant. Maximum TSS, total sugar and titrable acidity was obtained from medium pruning and fruit retention upto 40 fruits per plant and followed fruit retention upto 60 fruits per tree. Maximum TSS:acidity ratio and sugar:acidity ratio was recorded in light pruning and fruit retention upto 40 fruits per plant.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES AND PINCHING ON PERFORMANCE OF CHINA ASTER.(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuksh Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2021-02-23) GAIDHANI, ASHVINI HEMRAJ.; Dalal, Dr. S. R.A field investigation entitled "Effect of different planting dates and pinching on performance of China aster" was carried out during the years 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Floriculture Unit, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola with the objectives to study the effect of different planting dates and pinching on growth, flowering, yield and quality of China aster cv. Phule Ganesh White and to find out the suitable planting date and pinching for quality production of China aster. The experiment was laid out Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and two factor i.e. factor “A” consist of different planting dates (D) viz. 1st September, 15th September, 1st October and 15th October and factor “B” consist of different pinching (P) viz. no pinching, single pinching at 20 DAT and single pinching at 30 DAT with 12 treatment combinations. The result of the present investigation indicated that, planting date treatment D2 (15th September) was recorded significantly superior result in respect of maximum plant height, primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1, stem diameter of the plant, plant spread as well as leaf area, minimum days for emergence of first flower bud, days taken to fully opened flower, 50 per cent flowering, days to first harvesting as well as maximum duration of flowering, number of flowers plant-1, flower yield plant-1, flower yield plot-1 and flower yield ha-1, diameter of fully opened flower, stalk length, stalk diameter, weight of flower, vase life of cut flower and shelf life of loose flower. Regarding the pinching treatment P2 (single pinching at 20 DAT) exhibited significantly superior result for primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1, stem diameter of the plant, plant spread, leaf area, duration of flowering, number of flowers plant-1, flower yield plant-1, flower yield plot-1 and flower yield ha-1. Whereas, treatment P1 (no pinching) had recorded significantly maximum plant height, minimum days for emergence of first flower bud, days taken to fully opened flower, 50 per cent flowering, days to first harvesting, maximum diameter of fully opened flower, stalk length, stalk diameter, weight of flower, vase life of cut flower and shelf life of loose flower. The interaction effect between different planting dates and pinching, the treatment combination D2P2 (15th September planting with single pinching at 20 DAT) was found better for maximum secondary branches, plant spread at 50% flowering, duration of flowering, flowers plant-1, flower yield plant-1, flower yield plot-1 and flower yield ha-1. Whereas, the treatment combination D2P1 (15th September planting with no pinching) was recorded minimum days required to 50% flowering, maximum diameter of flower and vase life of cut flower. Considering the cost economics, the treatment combination D2P2 i.e. 15th September planting with single pinching at 20 DAT was found to be most remunerative and profitable as per the B:C ratio (1:2:99) obtained for China aster production under Akola conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF NANOCOMPOSITE BASED COATING FOR PROLONGING SHELF LIFE OF NAGPUR MANDARIN(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuksh Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2020-10-08) DESHMUKH, SWAPNIL DNYANESHWAR.; Patil, Dr. S. R.The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of nanocomposite based coating for prolonging shelf life of Nagpur mandarin” was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 with the objectives to investigate the effect of green silver nanoparticles coating in prolonging the shelf life of Nagpur mandarin, to find out best nanoparticle treatment for better shelf life of Nagpur mandarin and to study the physico-chemical changes and microbial status during the storage of Nagpur mandarin. The experiment conducted with eleven treatments and four replications under RBD experimental design. The salient findings of the study are summarized as below: Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with different GSNp treatment and stored in cold storage conditions remained in good condition up to 60 days of storage in mrig bahar and 45 days of storage in ambia bahar without disturbing the quality of Nagpur mandarin fruits. Physiological loss in weight (PLW) increased with prolongation of storage period under all the treatments. The PLW was found to be significantly minimum in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi during both seasons i.e. ambia and mrig bahar (2.68 and 4.61%, respectively) followed by Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp neem (3.25 and 5.00%, respectively) under cold storage conditions. Maximum PLW was observed in control i.e. the fruits dipped in water (7.46 and 9.00%, respectively) during both ambia and mrig bahar after 60 days of storage. Nagpur mandarin fruits of ambia bahar treated with GSNp tulsi recorded 74.84 and 51.03% less PLW during 2016 and 2017 when these fruits were compared with the fruits sprayed with water. The fruits of Nagpur mandarin coated with GSNp tulsi when compared with the fruits treated with silver nano-particles recorded (35.93 and 27.66%) had less PLW during storage. Whereas, 63.06 and 33.06% less PLW was observed in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi compared with the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% after 45 days of storage. Nagpur mandarin fruits of mrig bahar treated with GSNp tulsi reported 48.67 and 49.02% less PLW after 60 days of cold storage than the fruits sprayed with water during 2016 and 2017. Fruits of Nagpur mandarin coated with GSNp tulsi when compared with the fruits treated with silver nano-particles recorded (11.88 and 30.50%) low PLW. 28.51 and 38.94% were reported in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi than the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% at the end of study period, i.e. after 60 days of cold storage. Increasing trend of TSS observed up to 45 days of storage in mrig bahar and ambia bahar and decrease subsequently after 60 days of storage in Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with nanocomposite based and leaf extract coating. The fruits treated with GSNp tulsi recorded highest TSS 13.66 oBrix followed by Nagpur mandarin fruits treated with GSNp neem 13.26 oBrix. Lowest TSS was observed in the fruits dipped in water (11.11oBrix) at the end of study during ambia bahar. In ambia bahar Nagpur mandarin fruits of coated with GSNp tulsi reported maximum increase in TSS i.e. 28.66 and 19.29% than the fruits sprayed with water. While the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi recorded (9.60 and 8.05%) increase in TSS than fruits treated with silver nanoparticles whereas, GSNp tulsi coated fruits of Nagpur mandarin recorded maximum increment in TSS (20.36 and 12.14%) than the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% at the end of study period during 2016 and 2017. In mrig bahar, the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi showed maximum TSS (14.18oBrix) which was followed by neem leaf extract treated fruits (14.06oBrix). Minimum TSS was observed in the fruits sprayed with water (10.63oBrix) during the end of storage period. Nagpur mandarin fruits of coated with GSNp tulsi reported maximum increase in TSS i.e. 39.23 and 27.95% at the end of study period than the fruits sprayed with water during mrig bahar. The fruits coated with GSNp tulsi recorded (7.76 and 5.18%) increase in TSS than the fruits coated with silver nanoparticles. 11.14 and 10.26% maximum increment was observed in the fruits treated with GSNp tulsi than the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% at the end of study period during both the season in cold storage. The acidity content decreased with advancement of storage period. Maximum retention of titratable acidity recorded in the Nagpur mandarin fruits treated with GSNp tulsi (0.43 and 0.28%) during ambia and mrig bahar, respectively at the end of study period. In ambia bahar, the fruits treated with GSNp tulsi followed by the fruits coated with annona leaf extract and GSNp guava (0.50%) whereas, minimum retention was recorded in the fruits treated water (0.58%). During mrig bahar, the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% showed maximum variation in titratable acidity (0.20%) in cold storage. Sugar content was increased as increase in storage period up to 45 days and decreasing trend observed subsequently after that. Maximum reducing sugar content was observed in GSNp tulsi coated fruits of Nagpur mandarin (5.55%) during the end of storage period in ambia bahar followed by 5.43% in the fruits coated with GSNp neem whereas, minimum reducing sugar observed in fruits treated with water (4.89%) in ambia bahar. During mrig bahar storage, maximum reducing sugar content was observed in Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp tulsi (5.28%) followed by the fruits coated with neem leaf extract (5.22%) and minimum reducing sugar content was recorded in the fruits dipped in water (4.45%) during the end of storage period. The fruits coated with GSNp tulsi showed maximum total sugar content (10.26 and 9.30%) followed by the fruits treated with GSNp neem (10.18 and 9.25%) whereas, minimum increase in total sugar content was recorded in fruits sprayed with water (9.21 and 8.41%) during ambia and mrig bahar respectively, in cold storage. Ascorbic acid content showed increasing trend during storage period and it showed decreasing trend after 45 days of storage. Maximum increase in ascorbic acid content was observed in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi (35.02 and 36.17 mg/100 ml) during ambia and mrig bahar, respectively. The Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp tulsi was followed by GSNp neem coated fruits of Nagpur mandarin showed (34.62 mg/100 ml) ascorbic acid in ambia bahar. The fruits treated with GSNp tulsi which was at par with GSNp neem coated fruits (36.03 mg/100 ml) during storage period in mrig bahar. Minimum ascorbic acid content was observed in the fruits sprayed with water (32.97 mg/100 ml and 34.58 mg/100 ml) during storage of both season. Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp tulsi reported maximum increase in ascorbic acid content i.e. 6.42 and 6.04% at the end of study period during 2016 and 2017 than the fruits sprayed with water. While, it was observed that (2.84% and 3.31%) increase in ascorbic acid content over the fruits coated with silver nanoparticles. 5.21 and 5.52% increment was observed in the fruits treated with GSNp tulsi than the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% at the end of study period during ambia bahar. In mrig bahar, Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp tulsi reported maximum increase in ascorbic acid content i.e. 5.51% and 4.52% than the fruits dipped in water at the end of study period during both years. While it was observed that the fruits treated with GSNp tulsi had (2.17% and 1.70%) increased trend in ascorbic acid content than the fruits coated with silver nanoparticles. The fruits dipped in GSNp tulsi recorded 3.84% and 4.95% increment in ascorbic acid content than the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% after 60 days of cold storage. Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp tulsi showed minimum pH value (2.45) followed by GSNp neem coated fruits (2.53) whereas maximum pH value observed in the fruits coated with wax 6% + carbendazim 0.1% (2.87) during end of storage period in ambia bahar. In mrig bahar, pH value showed non significant difference between the GSNp coated fruits and all other treatments during end of storage period. There was no significant treatment difference was observed in total phenol content of Nagpur mandarin fruits due to different nanocomposite based and leaf extract coating during cold storage of Nagpur mandarin. Although the treatment difference was non significant, the nanocomposite based coating treatment showed the gradual increase in phenol content up to 45 days of storage and decrease subsequently during both year and both season. Up to 30 days of storage there were no signs of chilling injury on the fruits treated with GSNp tulsi and neem. Minimum chilling injury observed in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi after 45 days in ambia bahar (10.01%) followed by GSNp neem coated fruits of Nagpur mandarin (10.52%). Maximum chilling injury was reported in the fruits treated with water (66.16%) during end of storage period. In mrig bahar the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi and neem not showed any signs of chilling injury up to 45 days of storage. At the end of storage minimum chilling injury was recorded in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi (4.03%) followed by Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp neem leaf extract (16.59%). The fruits dipped in water showed maximum chilling injury (53.06%) during mrig bahar after 60 days of storage. The fruits decay rate was observed to be significantly less in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi (7.97%) followed by (11.52%) fruits coated with GSNp neem while, maximum fruits decay rate observed in the Nagpur mandarin fruits dipped in water (66.90%) at the end of storage in ambia bahar. In mrig bahar, the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi, neem and annona not showed any symptoms of fruits decay up to 45 days. Minimum fruit decay observed in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi (3.35%) followed by the fruits treated with GSNp neem(4.00%) whereas maximum fruit decay rate was reported in the fruits sprayed with water (70.38%) after 60 days of storage period. Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with GSNp not showed any signs of microbial spoilage up to 45 days of storage during both the season after that it shows some microbial contamination. Minimum contamination reported in the fruits coated with GSNp tulsi (1.07 and 1.32 CFU/ml) during both bahar. This treatment was followed by the fruits coated with GSNp neem (1.32 and 1.03 CFU/ml). Maximum microbial spoilage observed in the fruits coated with water (5.39 and 2.12 CFU/ml) after 60 days of cold storage. From the results, it was observed that there was progressive decrease in overall acceptability score of Nagpur mandarin fruits coated with nanocomposite based coating material during storage. Less change in overall acceptability score was found in Nagpur mandarin fruits coated GSNp tulsi at 45 and 60 days in both the season. On the basis of BC ratio GSNp Tulsi (1.36) found cheap as compared to the fruits coated with wax 6% and carbendazim 0.1%, silvernano-particles and other treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that use of GSNp Tulsi found best to improve the storability of Nagpur mandarin up to 60 days in mrig bahar and up to 45 days in ambia bahar under cold storage conditions without deteriorating the quality.ThesisItem Open Access MUTATION STUDIES IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L.).(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2020-09-25) PAWAR, ASHUTOSH PRAKASHA field research trial entitled “Mutation Studies in Garlic (Allium sativum L.)”, was carried out during Rabi season in the year 2017-2018 (VM1 generation) and 2018-19 (VM2 generation) at Main garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. (M.S.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications in VM1 generation. Whereas, for VM2 generation the experiment was laid out in progeny rows/ line planting with fourteen treatments. The local cultivar Buldhana local was selected for treating with different doses of gamma rays (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Gy), which was treated at Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai. Whereas, cloves were treated with different chemical mutagens viz., EMS (0.45%, 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.75% and 0.85 %) and colchicine (0.08%, 0.10 % and 0.12%) by dipping in solution for 12 hours. After 12 hours of dipping, these cloves were kept under running tap water for 1 hour to remove adjuvant to the cloves. Thereafter, these were planted in the experimental field at spacing of 15 X 10 cm. The experiment was undertaken to study the effect of mutagens, to induce the variability and to identify different variants by using different doses of gamma rays and chemical mutagens. During the course of investigation, the outcomes revealed that the treatment given to garlic cloves cv. ‘Buldhana local’ with gamma rays, EMS and colchicine in VM1 and VM2 generation significantly increased days to sprouting over the control treatment, whereas sprouting per cent had significantly decreased as the rate concentration of mutagen increased due to different mutagen treatments over the control treatment in both the generations in garlic. The survival percentage of cloves decreased significantly and the mortality percentage increased significantly as the rate of concentration of various mutagens increased over the control. Based on fifty percent final survival of plant population in VM1 generation it was concluded that the LD50 for gamma rays treatment was recorded in treatment 5 Gy, while LD50 for EMS was recorded in treatment 0.65 % EMS and LD50 for colchicine was recorded in treatment 0.10 % Colchicine. The growth parameters like plant height (cm) and number of leaves had a incite effect on treated population by different doses of mutation over control treatment all the way through the growth stages. As the concentration of doses increased there was decrease in plant height and number of leaves per plant during both the generations of mutation studies. Stem girth and leaf area also had stimulatory effect over both the generations, whereas treatment 0.45% EMS and treatment 0.12% colchicine had showed maximum stem girth and leaf area then the control treatment T14. Days to maturity of bulb, number of cloves per bulb, length of clove, and width of clove had shown positive effect of mutagens over the control treatment during both the generations in garlic. Whereas bulb weight, bulb diameter, weight of clove, yield per plot and yield per hectare showed negative impact in both the generation as compared to control treatment T14. This decreased yield was further observed in yield per plot and yield per hectare significantly in all the gamma rays, EMS and colchicine treatments. The quality parameters were positively affected by different mutagen treatments over the control treatment T14. The gamma rays, EMS and colchicine had significantly increased the TSS (0B) and oleoresin (%) over the control treatment T14. The leaf abnormality and bulb abnormality increased significantly due to different mutagen treatments over the control T14. The mutation frequency was significantly increased in the gamma rays, EMS and colchicine treatments. Mutation frequency and spectrum was observed wider in VM1 generation than the VM2 generation. The desirable variants were observed in treatment 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 0.45 % EMS, 0.65 % EMS, 0.75 % EMS, 0.08 % colchicine and 0.10 % colchicine, which had induced some stable mutants of viz. big neck size, dark purple colour bulb mutants, thick leaflets, big sized bulbs along with chlorophyll and dwarf mutants.ThesisItem Open Access CLIMATE RESILIENCE STUDIES IN MANGO.(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuksh Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2022-03-24) DESHMUKH, PRAVIN LAXMAN.; BHARAD, Dr S. G.An experiment entitled ‘Climate resilience studies in Mango’ was conducted at experimental farm and analytical work was carried out at analytical laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the objectives to study vegetative, flowering and fruiting behaviour of different mango cultivars in relation to different weather parameters and to estimate heat units requirement for various phenophases of different mango cultivars under western vidarbha region. The experiment was conducted in pooled over season analysis with seven cultivars viz., Kesar, Pairi, Neelum, Mallika, Amrapali, Dashehari and Vanraj which were replicated five times. The results revealed that in respect of phenological parameters, the variations were observed for time of vegetative flushing, flower bud differentiation, bud bursting, panicle emergence and full bloom. The pattern of number of vegetative flushes was found similar for three seasons, among the seven mango cultivars the cvs. Pairi and Neelum exhibited 4 vegetative flushes whereas, rest of cultivars showed only 3 flushes. The earliest flower bud differentiation, bud bursting and panicle emergence was recorded in cv. Pairi followed by cvs. Vanraj and Amrapali however it was late in cv. Dashehari. The least flowering span was recorded in cv. Mallika which was at par with cvs. Neelum, Dashehari and Kesar while the maximum span was recorded in cv. Vanraj. The highest fruit set per cent at marble stage was recorded in cv. Kesar however highest fruit retention at harvest was observed in cv. Amrapali. The earliest and highest fruit drop was recorded in cv. Vanraj followed by cv. Neelum. The mango cv. Dashehari had earliest fruit maturity followed by cvs. Mallika, Vanraj, Neelum and Kesar however cvs. Pairi and Amrapali were late with significantly highest fruit yield tree-1. In respect of occurrence of diseases and expression of disorders, the least powdery mildew and malformation incidence was recorded in cv. Dashehari which was at par with cvs. Mallika, Neelum and Amrapali. In physico-chemical parameters, highest fruit weight was recorded in cv. Pairi, pulp per cent and pulp: stone ratio in cv. Kesar however lowest stone and peel ratio was noted in cv. Kesar and cv. Neelum respectively. The maximum total soluble solids was recorded in cv. Kesar, total sugars in cv. Vanraj, ascorbic acid content in cv. Dashehari and carotenoids content in cv. Amrapali however the minimum titratable acidity was observed in cvs. Amrapali and Vanraj. The weather parameters had significant correlation with growth parameters (days required for flower bud differentiation, initiation of flowering, flowering span and fruit maturity), fruit yield and quality parameters (total soluble solids, titrable acidity, total sugars). The mango cv. Pairi accumulated least agrometeorological units for flower bud differentiation and flowering span however cv. Vanraj accumulated least agrometeorological units for initiation of flowering and fruit maturity. The highest heat use efficiency, heliothermal use efficiency, photothermal use efficiency and hydrothermal use efficiency was recorded in cv. Pairi followed by cvs. Kesar, Amrapali and Mallika.ThesisItem Open Access ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN TURMERIC.(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth,Akola, 2020-03-09) BONDRE, SANDIP VINAYAK.; Advisor: Nagre, Dr. P. K.The present investigation was carried out during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola to study the effect of organic sources on growth, yield, quality, physicochemical and biological properties of soil and nutrient uptake of turmeric and to find out suitable organic treatment combination and biofertilizers for obtaining higher yield and quality of turmeric. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments viz., T1 - Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1), T2 – Farm Yard Manure @ 20 t ha-1, T3 – Vermicompost @ 13.2 t ha-1, T4 – Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1, T5 – Farm Yard Manure @ 20 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1), T6 – Vermicompost @ 13.2 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1), T7 – Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1), T8 – Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1), T9 - Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1) + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1), T10 - Fermented cow dung slurry @ 12500 l ha-1 in three equal split doses at 30, 60 and 90 DAP, T11 - Fermented cow dung slurry @ 12500 l ha-1 in three equal split doses at 30, 60 and 90 DAP + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1), and T12 - Absolute control which were replicated thrice. In growth attributes, the highest emergence count was observed with the application of Vermicompost @ 13.2 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). The maximum number of tillers per plant were produced by the treatment T7 i.e. Neemcake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). For plant height, treatment T9 i.e. Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1) + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1) exhibited superior performance. The significantly maximum number of leaves and leaf area at 120, 180 DAP and at harvest were also observed in treatment T7 i.e. Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). For the yield attributing traits, significantly maximum number of mother rhizomes per plant, mother rhizome yield, maximum length of mother rhizome, maximum number of total fingers per plant, primary fingers per plant, weight of fingers per plant, length of primary fingers, fresh rhizome yield, dry matter production per plant and length of processed finger were obtained in treatment T7 i.e. Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). However, the maximum girth of mother rhizomes was noticed in treatment T6 having application of Vermicompost @ 13.2 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). For quality parameters viz. oleoresin and curcumin content no significant differences were observed among the treatments. However, treatment T7 i.e. Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1) resulted into highest essential oil content of leaves. In respect of physico-chemical properties of soil viz. organic carbon, available NPK status of soil and nutrient content of leaves along with NPK uptake by the plants treatment T7 i.e. Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1) exhibited superior results. The maximum water holding capacity was observed in treatment T6 i.e. Vermicompost @ 13.2 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). The better soil biological properties in respect of soil microbial population viz. fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes was observed in treatment T11 consisting application of Fermented cow dung slurry + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). The maximum gross monetary returns was obtained in treatment T7 i.e. application of Neem cake @ 4 t ha-1 + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1). However, the maximum net monetary returns and B:C ratio were achieved in treatment T9 i.e. Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (200:100:100 kg ha-1) + Azatobacter (10 kg ha-1) + PSB (10 kg ha-1) + VAM (65 kg ha-1).ThesisItem Open Access Title : EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHES AND FERTIGATION SCHEDULING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TURMERIC(Dr.Panjabrao Deashmukh,Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2020-10-20) Authors : NIKAM, CHANCHAL GHANSHYAM; Advisor : Kale, Dr. V. S.Abstract A field experiment entitled “Effect of different mulches and fertigation scheduling on growth, yield and quality of turmeric” was conducted at the Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during kharif season of the years 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out Strip Plot Design with three replications and two factor i.e. factor “A” consist of different mulches (M) viz. control (without mulch), soybean straw mulch and 50 micron silver polythene mulch and factor “B” consist of fertigation scheduling (F) viz. control (100 % RDF through soil application), 10 no. of splits with 15 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF, 20 no. of splits with 8 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF, 30 no. of splits with 5 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF and 40 no. of splits with 4 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF with 15 treatment combinations. The result of the present investigation indicated that, mulching treatment M2 (soybean straw) has recorded significantly superior results in respect of plant height (at 60,120 and 180 DAP), number of tillers plant-1, leaf area (at 180 DAP), number of mother rhizome plant-1, number of fingers plant-1, length of mother rhizome, length of primary fingers, length of processed fingers, weight of primary fingers plant-1, weight of fingers plant-1, total yield plant-1, weight of primary fingers plot-1, weight of fingers plot-1, total yield plot-1, weight of processed fingers plot-1, yield of primary fingers , fingers, total yield and processed fingers (q/ha), dry matter plant-1, recovery percentage, available soil N, P and K (kg/ha) after harvesting and total plant uptake of N, P and K (kg/ha). Regarding the fertigation scheduling treatment F4 (30 no. of splits with 5 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF) exhibited significantly superior results for plant height (at 60,120 and 180 DAP), number of leaves plant-1 (at 60,120 and 180 DAP), number of tillers plant-1, leaf area (at 180 DAP), number of mother rhizome, primary fingers, fingers plant-1, length of mother rhizome, length of primary fingers, length of processed fingers, weight of mother rhizome plant-1, weight of primary fingers plant-1, weight of fingers plant-1, total yield plant-1, weight of mother rhizome plot-1, weight of primary fingers plot-1, weight of fingers plot-1, total yield plot-1, weight of processed fingers plot-1, yield of mother rhizome, primary fingers, fingers, total yield and processed fingers (q/ha), dry matter plant-1, recovery percentage, available soil N, P and K (kg/ha) after harvesting and total plant uptake of N, P and K (kg/ha). The interaction effect between different mulches and fertigation scheduling, treatment combination M2F4 (soybean straw mulch with 30 no. of splits with 5 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF) was found significant for number of leaves plant-1 (at 60,120 and 180 DAP), weight of mother rhizome plant-1, weight of primary fingers plant-1, weight of fingers plant-1, total yield plant-1, weight of mother rhizome plot-1, weight of primary fingers plot-1, weight of fingers plot-1, total yield plot-1, weight of processed fingers plot-1, yield of mother rhizome, primary fingers, fingers, total yield and processed fingers (q/ha), recovery percentage, and total plant uptake of N, P and K (kg/ha) of turmeric. Considering the cost economics, the treatment combination M2F4 i.e. soybean straw mulch with 30 no. of splits with 5 days interval through fertigation @80% RDF was found to be most remunerative and profitable as per the B:C ratio (1:3.35) obtained for processed fingers of turmeric under Akola conditions.
