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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF WHEAT GENOTYPES (Triticum aestivum) UNDER WATER STRESS.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra., 2021-08-27) SURBHAIYYA, SHOBHA DEVIDAS.; Gahukar, Dr. S.J.The present investigation entitled “Molecular and biochemical responses of wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum) under water stress” was carried out at the Biotechnology Centre, Department of Agriculture Botany, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2016-2019. In the present study, the objectives were accomplished at two phases of environment, physiological screening under in-vitro (lab) condition and morpho-physiological, biochemical, molecular screening under in-vivo (green house and field) condition. The experiments comprised of eight genotypes with two check viz., AKAW-3717 (tolerant) and AKAW-3722 (susceptible). In first phase of experiment, osmotic stress imposed under laboratory condition by using different concentration of PEG- 6000 viz., 0, 15 %, and 25 % and performances of various genotypes were monitored against a control. Seedling traits such as germination percentage, seedling vigor index, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh/dry weight and root fresh/dry weight were studied in unstressed and stressed condition. The result indicated that increase in osmotic stress caused a significant decreased in above seedlings parameters. Correlation coefficient studies revealed considerable and positive correlation among seedling traits.The result indicated that decrease in one trait may cause simultaneous decrease in other traits; hence, selection for any of these seedling attributes will lead to develop water stress tolerant wheat genotypes. Based on these observations, most water stress tolerant and susceptible genotypes were selected. (Check tolerant) AKAW-3717, AKAW-4842, and AKAW-5017 were recorded as the most water stress tolerant genotypes, whereas, (Check susceptible) AKAW-3722, AKAW-4925, and AKDW-5012 were recorded as susceptible genotypes. In second phase of experiments (under green house and field condition), the extent of yield reduction with water deficit depends not only on the magnitude of water deficit but also on the stage of plant growth at which it develops. Under green house condition, a pot study water stress treatments were created by using different concentration of PEG-6000 (viz., -3 bar and -6 bar PEG-6000) and water withholding. Under field condition, water stress were created by only withholding of water to assess the effect of induced water stress on performance of ten wheat genotypes at two critical growth stages (tillering and flowering). After seven to fourteen days, plants exhibited visible effects of stress. Thus plant sample were collected for further analysis and data collection. Screening of wheat genotypes for water stress tolerance on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular level. The results showed that water stress significantly reduced in morphological and physiological traits like plant height, total tillers, spike length, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spikes, 1000 grain weight, yield per plant, relative water content, and chlorophyll content. The biochemical analysis revealed increased total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, and proline significantly with increasing water stress. Proline content in stressed tolerant plants is found to be very higher as compared to that in unstressed susceptible plants suggesting its key role in water stress tolerance in plant. The activity of CAT was found to be highest in AKAW-3717 at both tillering and flowering growth stages which was found to a tolerant genotype in prior morphological and biochemical screening. The activity of POD was found maximum in all tolerant genotypes viz., AKAW-3717, AKAW-4842, and AKAW-5017 than in susceptible genotypes viz., AKAW-3722, AKAW-5010, and AKAW-4926. Superoxide dismutase activity was found to be highest in AKAW-5017. Water stress preferentially enhanced the activities of enzymatic antioxidant and osmolytes. Differential transcriptome analysis using cDNA based start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT marker) and oligodecamer (RAPD marker) were accomplished To identify differentially expressed TDFs. TDFs (cDNA-SCoT profiling) were produced in unstressed and stressed plant at tillering and flowering stages. At tillering stage, 186/215 (green house/field) TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 191/218 TDFs while 171/228 TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 177/229 TDFs at flowering stage. cDNA-SCoT profiling revealed that marker SCoT 03, SCoT 05, SCoT 11, SCoT 13, SCoT 14, and SCoT 18/SCoT 01, SCoT 04, SCoT 11, SCoT 14, SCoT 18, and SCoT 20 showed 100 % polymorphism at both stages. Similarly, TDFs (cDNA-RAPD profiling) were produced in unstressed and stressed plant at tillering and flowering stages. At tillering stage, 381 TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 398 TDFs while 373 TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 384 TDFs at flowering stage. AT both stages, cDNA-RAPD profiling revealed that marker OPF 7, OPF 14, OPH 16, OPB 10, OPI 16, OPI 13, OPI 2, and OPH 12 showed 100 % polymorphism. Further, gene expression studies were carried out using the four contrasting genotypes AKAW-3717 (check tolerant), AKAW-3722 (check susceptible), AKAW-4842, AKAW-4925, and AKAW-5017. Under green house as well as field condition there are five water stress specific markers (WDHN 13, α-Tubulin, WPIP, WTIP 11, and DREB 1A) were used for presence and expression of gene which can confer water stress resistance to a genotype. RNA was extracted by TriZol method. Then first strand cDNA synthesis was done by using Himedia cDNA synthesis kit. PCR was carried out by using the cDNA. PCR products were separated on polyacrylamide gel and visualized under gel doc system. AKAW-3717 followed by AKAW-5017 and AKAW-4842 performed best at various stress levels for morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters. However performance of AKAW-3722, AKAW-5010 and AKAW-4926 was poor. The gene expression, results indicated that, α-Tubulin showed their expression in all genotypes grown under controlled as well as water stressed conditions. While, WDHN 13 showed their expression in AKAW-3717, AKAW-5017, and AKAW-4842. None of the other gene expression was recorded in any other genotypes. It can be concluded that water stress levels had substantial effects on germination and seedling growth. Morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular analysis revealed that adequate genetic difference for water stress tolerance existed in wheat genotypes tested AKAW-3717 and AKAW-5017 may prove a promising parent material for breeding water stress tolerant wheat genotype. Further molecular investigations are suggested to assess the genetic basis of water stress tolerance. AKAW-3717 and AKAW-5017 may be considered better genotypes for low rainfall drought prone areas. The present study can provide clues in identifying candidate genes for further functional analysis to delineate their precise role in abiotic stress response. As key genes are identified, efficiency increase and opportunities for genetic engineering are realized. This is a fundamental aspect of research into abiotic stress tolerance, and discoveries of abiotic stress tolerance genes, which is explored in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access DNA BARCODING AND FINGERPRINTING OF CITRUS SPP.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-09-23) CHUNGADA, ANIL SANDUSING.; Gahukar, Dr. S. J.The present investigation entitled “DNA Barcoding and Fingerprinting of citrus spp.” was carried out at Biotechnology Centre, Department of Agricultural Botany, Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Akola. Commercial citrus cultivation has been done by grafting and budding. The rootstock is a very important part of a citrus orchard. The contamination in source seed for the raising of the nursery of citrus rootstock is a major challenge in assuming the quality of orchard and ultimately yield of citrus. Thus a reliable and life stage-independent method of species identification is important. In the present investigation, 11 different SCAR markers were validated for discriminating Galgal rootstock from other citrus species under study. The DNA amplification was carried out with 11 SCAR markers. The primer-1, primer-2, primer-3, primer-4, primer-5, primer-6 and primer-11 show the band size of 283 bp, 380 bp, 172 bp, 310 bp, 150 bp, 137 bp and 300 bp respectively. All these primers are promising primers for discrimination of Galgal from other species under study. A total of twenty-one SSR primers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of six citrus species. Seven primer pairs failed to show any amplification thus revealing no bands (null allele) in all the genotypes. Fourteen SSR markers exhibited polymorphism and showed high levels of allelic diversity. A total of 139 amplicons were amplified by 14 polymorphic SSR loci and the number of amplicons ranged from 5 to 18 with an average of 9.92 amplicons per locus. Only one primer i.e. SSR-5 shown 100 % polymorphism, whereas, 87 % polymorphism was observed in SSR-2 and 67 % polymorphism was detected in SSR-3, SSR-9, SSR-12 and SSR-13; showed an average 66.14 % polymorphism percent. Total alleles per locus were 9.92, whereas, the average number of monomorphic and polymorphic alleles are 2.92 and 6.85, respectively. The PIC value of 14 microsatellite loci ranged from 0.41 to 0.86 with an average value of 0.59. For each marker, the maximum PIC value was observed in marker SSR-5 i.e. 0.86 and the minimum was in SSR-11 i.e. 0.41. The present investigation also aimed to generate sequences for DNA barcodes of various citrus species by using matK, rbcL, ITS and trnH–psbA. The six citrus species i.e. Galgal (Citrus pseudolimon), Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia), Alemow (Citrus macrophylla), Jambhiri (Citrus jambhiri), Orange (Citrus reticulata) and Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) were selected from All India Co-ordinate Research Project on Citrus, Dr. P.D.K.V. Akola and Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur. The isolated DNA was amplified with three plastids (rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA) and two nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions. The rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA shows the band size of 700bp, 1700bp and 625 bp respectively and ITS shows a band size of 400bp. The amplified PCR products were sequenced by using the Sanger sequencing method by using Applied Biosystem Sequencer from Eurofins Genomics India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore. The rbcL gives a good sequence of 629 bp for Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Barcode was generated from this sequence on BOLD (Barcode of Life Database) by using its “Phd.1”, “Trace”, “ABI” file of the sequence having sample ID- SOR-1 and Process ID-SOR001-19. The Barcode generated by using the sequence of Jambhiri (Citrus jambhiri) 860 bp, amplified by universal marker matK by using “Trace”, “ABI” file of the sequence on BOLD system 3 (Barcode of life Database) having Sample ID CJ-1 and Process ID-GRJ003-20. The Barcode generated by using the sequence of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) 738 bp, amplified by universal marker matK by using “Trace”, “ABI” file of the sequence on BOLD system 3 (Barcode of life Database) having Sample ID CRL-4 and Process ID-GRJ004-20. The Barcode generated by using the sequence of Galgal (Citrus pseudolimon) 820 bp, amplified by universal marker matK by using “Trace”, “ABI” file of the sequence on BOLD system 3 (Barcode of life Database) having Sample ID CG-2 and Process ID-GRJ002-20. From the present study involving four different barcode regions under study, it was concluded that rbcL and matK markers are good for the generation of a barcode in Citrus Sinensis, Citrus Jambhiri, Citrus Pseudolimon and Citrus Limonia. DNA barcoding can be a very effective tool to identify citrus species. Here, we tested DNA barcodes of plant plastid DNA, rbcL, matK, trn H-psb A and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) to resolve available citrus species. For the single barcode region, matK had the highest rate of correct identification than rbcL. In the present work, we lay the foundation towards DNA barcoding applications for citrus plants. matK is proposed to be a suitable candidate DNA barcode marker for citrus species identification. Further need to explore with additional markers which may improve citrus species identification for practical conservation. The most valuable finding of this study is that the developed barcodes will help in the identification of quality rootstock for citrus propagation, which can increase the life of citrus orchards and the productivity of citrus.ThesisItem Open Access INTROGRESSION STUDIES OF FUSARIUM WILT RESISTANCE IN PKV KABULI 4 USING MOLECULAR MARKERS.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2021-10-31) KHELURKAR, VAIBHAV CHANDRAKANT.; SAKHARE, Dr. S. B.The present investigation entitled “Introgression studies of Fusarium wilt resistance in PKV Kabuli 4 using molecular markers” was carried out at the Biotechnology Center and Pulses Research Unit, Department of Agricultural Botany, Dr. PDKV, Akola. The MABC program was initiated with the cross between PKV 4 (Moderately susceptible, recurrent parent) and WR-315 (Resistant, donor parent) to develop Fusarium wilt resistance to foc-1 during crop season September 20018-19. Total 67 different molecular markers were used for the parental polymorphism survey and seven markers found polymorphic namely, TA 194, TS 82, TA 59, TA 110, showed 100 % polymorphism and TR 19, STMS 02, TA 03 showed 75 % polymorphism. The identified polymorphic markers help in differentiating male and female parental lines and successfully detect the F1 hybrid progenies. From the hybridization program 75 F0 were seeds obtain Among 75 F1s plants, 45 hybrids were confirmed through using polymorphic markers (TA 14, TA 194, and TR 19). Further, the confirmed hybrids were used for the execution of the first round of backcrossing and 18 BC1F1 plants were grown at this point foreground and recurrent parent genome recovery was carried out. Foreground selections were carried out using linked markers namely, TA 59, TA 110, TA 194, TR 19 for selection of introgressed target region and six common heterozygous plants were selected. In BC1F1 population selection for target, the region was carried out using the linked markers. For identification of Fusarium wilt QTLs in the F2 population, 60 F2 individuals from a single cross were used simultaneously for genotyping by six polymorphic markers and phenotyping in the artificial greenhouse sick pot conditions. Using morphological and molecular data linkage map was constructed and one major QTL “qfwch-02” were identified. Which covered a total map length of 93.60 cM, the average map distance between any pair of markers was 16.1 cM and major QTL “qfwCh-02” was identified on linkage group 2 for Fusarium wilt resistance against race-1 at map position 31.4 cM in F2 progenies of PKV Kabuli 4 X WR-315. This QTL explained 10.91 % phenotypic variance with LOD score 3.3 flanked by left marker TA 110 and right marker TR 19. Background selection was performed in 18 BC1F1 individuals using 20 molecular markers distributed throughout the chickpea genome. The range of RPGR analysis in BC1F1 was ranged from 57 % (BC1F1-180) to 67.5 % (BC1F1-17). During the present investigation the validated markers, for foreground selection namely, TA 100, TR 19, TA 194, TA 59 for foc-1 race will help in early detection of resistant and susceptible plants in chickpea mapping population and to introgress fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea genotypes by Marker Assisted backcross breeding program. Developed genomic linkage map and QTLs identified will be useful for chickpea genetics and breeding applications. Moreover, linked markers found with identified QTLs for FW race-1 will be useful for molecular breeding for Fusarium wilt chickpea improvement.ThesisItem Open Access NANO ENCAPSULATION OF dsRNA OF METAMORPHOSIS RELATED GENE AND ITS INSECTICIDAL POTENTIAL AGAINST DIAMOND BACK MOTH.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-03-31) PIMPALZARE, PRANALI SUBHASHRAO.; Deshmukh, Mr. A. G.The present investigation entitled “Nano encapsulation of dsRNA of metamorphosis related gene and its insecticidal potential against diamond back moth” was carried out at Biotechnology Centre, Department of Agricultural Botany, Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during the academic year 2019-2021. RNA interference (RNAi) technology post transcriptional mechanism triggerd by dsRNA to silence specific genes by down regulating their expression. It has become a potential strategy for functional and regulatory studies of insect genes and has potential to control insect pest. Though it has been challenging to produce effective RNAi in lepidopteran Diamond back moth (P. xylostella). Some important factors significantly influencing the silencing potential effects are concentration and length of dsRNA, nucleotide sequence, and determination of the silencing effect and life stage of the target organism. The P.xylostella shows RNAi effects after feeding of nanoencapsulated dsRNA. Considering the potential impact on the normal physiological functions of healthy adults, Juvenile Hormone Esterase gene select as targets for dsRNA mediated gene silencing. Juvenile Hormone Esterase gene sequence obtained from NCBI database. Off targets were predicted to avoid non target effects. Possible RNAi sites were depicted to identify the region having maximum RNAi targets. The aim of studies was to prepared PLGA nanoparticles, because of their possibility to target specific cells with high biodegradability and biocompatibility. It is approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration. Here, we describes in great details about the formation and characterization of PLGA nanoparticles. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles synthesized using double emulsification method. PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) used as stabilizer during the synthesis of PLGA nanoparticles. This protocol can be readily adapted to use alternative emulsifiers PVA (e.g. Poly vinyl alcohol) or solvent (e.g. methanol). A typical peak at 380nm having 0.56 absorbance on UV- visible spectroscopy indicates synthesis of PLGA nanoparticles. Particle size and zeta potential are determined with Nanoparticle size analyzer and Zeta potential analyzer. The PLGA nanoparticles characterized during present study showed 244.9 nm particle sizes and -4.59 mV zeta potential. FTIR analysis, carried out in wave range 1000- 4000 cm-1, showed different functional groups like 3884 cm-1 and 3410 cm-1 (Alcohol), 1780 cm-1 (Carbonyl group), 1494 cm-1 and 1666 cm-1 (Glycolic acid) 1382 cm-1, and 1187 cm-1 (Esters), 1472 cm-1 and 1096 cm-1(Vinyl) in PLGA NPs synthesis. The process of encapsulation of dsRNA with PLGA NPs done to increase the insecticidal potential of dsRNA-JHE(A) and dsRNA-JHE(B). The encapsulated nanoparticles were also characterized by UV spectrophotometry, particle size was determined with Nanoparticle size analyzer and Zeta potential analyzer. We provide representative images for nanoparticles produced. Effect of dsRNA and encapsulated dsRNA with PLGA NPs was checked out by performing insect bioassay studies on P. xylostella larvae. The dsRNAs and encapsulated dsRNA with PLGANPs were individually spread on to the cabbage leaf discs and twelve larvae were released into 3 replication. We detected that encapsulated dsRNA-JHE(A) and encapsulated dsRNA-JHE(B) which had the highest mortality 60% and 72% as compared to control 0% (only water) and dsRNA 36% JHE(A) and 48% JHE(B). These findings largely broaden the target selection for RNAi-based technology and deliver dsRNA into the insect and potential against insect damage and insect control management.ThesisItem Open Access Title : EVALUATION OF NSE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND SOAKING PERIODS AGAINST MAJOR PESTS OF TOMATO.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-10-05) Authors : NAKADE, NIKESH UDARAM.; Advisor : Yadgirwar, Dr. P. V.Abstract : The present investigation entitled “EVALUATION OF NSE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND SOAKING PERIODS AGAINST MAJOR PESTS OF TOMATO” was undertaken on tomato crop (Variety local popular hybrid Abhilash) under field condition At Post Ambadi, Tq. Kuhi, Dist. Nagpur during kharif season of 2020-21 with a view to study effect of different soaking periods on field efficacy of NSE against major pests of tomato. Similarly, investigations were also aimed to evaluate field efficacy of different concentrations of NSE and work out economics of different treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments replicated three times. The treatments comprised of NSE 5% with 12, 24 and 36 hours soaking period, NSE 7% with 12, 24 and 36 hours soaking period and untreated control. The defoliator (Spodoptera litura), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), aphid (Myzus persicae), leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) and fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) were observed as major pests causing damage at various growth stages of the crop. Among the different treatments NSE 7% with 12 hours soaking period was found significantly most effective and was at par with NSE 5% with 12 hours soaking period against all major pests viz., Spodoptera litura, whitefly, aphid, leaf miner and fruit borer. The next effective treatments were, NSE 7% with 24 hours soaking period, NSE 5% with 24 hours soaking period, NSE 7% with 36 hours soaking period and NSE 5% with 36 hours soaking period . However, significantly highest infestations was observed in control (water spray). The highest yield was recorded in NSE 7% with 12 hours soaking period (243.38 q/ha) which was at par with NSE 5% with 12 hours soaking period (229.27 q/ha) and NSE 7% with 24 hours soaking period (218.69 q/ha). Those treatments were followed by NSE 5% with 24 hours soaking period (208.14 q/ha), NSE 7% with 36 hours soaking period (204.58 q/ha) and NSE 5% with 36 hours soaking period (197.53 q/ha). The lowest yield was recorded in untreated control (172.83 q/ha). The highest incremental cost benefit ratio was obtained in the treatment of NSE 7% with 12 hours soaking period (1:6.39) followed by NSE 5% with 12 hours soaking period (1:5.60), NSE 7% when soaked for 24 hours (1:3.80), NSE 5% with 24 hours soaking period (1:3.13), NSE 7% with 36 hours soaking period (1:2.32) and NSE 5% with 36 hours soaking period (1:1.89), respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Title : EXPLOITATION OF NANOPARTICLES FOR SEED TREATMENT IN CHICKPEA.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-09-20) Authors : DHAKADE, PRATIK PRAMODRAO.; Advisor : Akhare, Dr. A. A.Abstract : The present investigation entitled “Exploitation of nanoparticles for seed treatment in chickpea” was carried out in Seed Technology and Research unit at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola in the academic year 2020-21. The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of green synthesized nanoparticles on seed growth parameters like seed germination, seed vigor, and seed health, and also see the effect on various yield attributes of chickpea. Concentrations of 1000, 750, 500, 250 ppm were made to perform seed treatment. 250 ppm shows a better effect on germination percentage, seed vigor index I and II and seed health than control during the period of seed germination. In number of pods per plant T6 (75% RDF (100% N/K with 75% P) + seed coating of nano Zn + Fe (Zinc + Iron) @ 125 ml ha-1) shows the better result (175.1 pods per plant) than control. In seed yield per plant T10 (75 % RDF (100 % NPK with 75 % Zn/Fe) + Seed coating of nano Zn+Fe (Zinc + Iron) @ 62.5 ml ha-1+ Foliar spray of nano Zn + Fe (Zinc + Iron) @ 250 ml ha-1) shows the better result (46 g seed yield per plant) than control. In seed yield per plot T5 (75 % RDF (100 % N/K with 75 % P) + Seed coating of nano P (Phosphorous) @125 ml ha-1) shows the better result (5.45 kg seed yield per plot) than control. After post-harvest T9 (75 % RDF (100 % N/K with 75 % P) + Seed coating of nano P (Phosphorous) @ 62.5 ml ha-1+ Foliar spray of nano P (Phosphorous) @ 250 ml ha-1) shows the better result ( 94 germination %) in seed vigor index I T6 (75 % RDF ( 100 % NPK with 75 % Zn/Fe) + Seed coating of nano Zn + Fe (Zinc + Iron) @125 ml ha-1) shows the better result (2984) than control and in seed vigor index II T8 (100 % RDF + Seed coating of nano Zn + Fe (Zinc + Iron) @ 62.5 ml ha-1+ Foliar spray of nano Zn + Fe (Zinc + Iron) @ 250 ml ha-1) shows the better result (62.3) than control. Fe-NP, ZnO-NP, and P-NPs were synthesized using Datura inoxia, Aloe vera, and Aspergillus tubingensis respectively. Nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Visible photo spectrometer, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fe-NPs show the optimum peak at 270 nm, ZnO-NPs show the optimum peak at 360 nm and P-NPs show the optimum peak at 280 nm. Fe-NPs having an average size of 29.77 nm and ZnO-NPs having an average size of 37.8 nm were observed by Particle size analyzer. Fe-NPs having a zeta potential of -22.9 mV and ZnO-NPs having a zeta potential of -14.8 mV were observed by Zeta potential analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Title: IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF JAMUN (Syzygium cumini L.).(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-10-26) Authors: BOCHARE, PRACHI RAJENDRA.; Advisor: Rathod, Dr. D. D.Abstract: The present study was carried out with the aim to study an in-vitro propagation of Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) species using local species using Lloyd and McCown woody plant medium (WPM) in CRD experimental design at Biotech Centre, Dr. PDKV, Akola during 2019-20 and 20-21. Effect of WPM with little modification of cytokines, auxins, and plant growth-stimulating hormones on different growth parameters on in-vitro propagation were optimized. Surface sterilized local jamun nodal explant using HgCl2, the combination of antibiotics and antioxidants were attempted. Surface sterilization of the explants was effectively achieved using mercuric chloride at 0.1% (4 minutes) in combination with 1% streptomycin as it recorded lower contamination (20%) and higher survival (76.66%). Surface sterilized nodal explant using HgCl2, the combination of antibiotics and antioxidants were attempted using WPM with BAP (6-Benzylamino purine), Kn (kinetin) shown good results. Nodal explants were cultured on WPM supplemented with BAP (6-Benzyl amino purine 8.0 and 9.0 µM/l), Kn (kinetin 8, 8.5 and 9 µM/l). In which, WPM with BAP + Kn @ 8 µM/l was proved to be significantly superior at 1% level for high survival rate after 3rd week 76.66% and requires less time 25.59 days to shoot sprout. Whereas BAP + Kn @ 8.0 + 8.5 µM/l was proved best with the highest 2.97 shoot multiples. Shoot proliferation and multiplication were performed on WPM supplemented with BAP @ 13 and 14 µM/l, Kinetin @ 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 µM/l, and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) @ 5 µM/l. The treatment combination of WPM with BAP + Kn + NAA @ 13+8.5+5.0 µM/l were proved to be significantly superior at 1% for high frequency multiple shoot induction. The response was shown a maximum of 5.66 shoot multiples after 2nd subculture, followed by 3.94 shoot multiples after 1st subculture with significantly highest 1.98cm shoot length elongation upon WPM with 13.0+ 8.5+5.0 µM/l BAP + Kn + NAA medium as against 0.57cm of control (WPM without growth regulators). Therefore, woody plant media with above modification found promising for in-vitro propagation of Jamun species.ThesisItem Open Access Title : CHARACTERIZATION OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT BAMBOO SPECIES USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-07-09) Authors : PIPRADE, DHANASHRI VIJAYRAO.; Advisor : Rathod, Dr. D. R.Abstract : Present study entitled “Characterization of economically important bamboo species using morphological and molecular markers” was attempted at Biotechnology Centre, Dr. PDKV, Akola during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Main aim was to characterize economically important bamboo species viz., Dendrocalamus stocksii, Bamboosa balcoa, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bamboosa tulda, Bamboosa vulgaris. The morphological characterizations of these important bamboo species were attempted based on field-based observations. This was carried out by samples collected randomly from three plants of each species in field grown Bamboo Sectum, College of Agriculture, Dr. PDKV, Nagpur campus for 21 traits includes, 17 quantitative and 4 qualitative traits. B. tulda has found highest internodal distance 45.41cm, followed by D. stocksii (41.39cm) and the lowest D. strictus (30.78 cm). In case to yield, B. balcoa was found highest with 41.49 t/ha, followed by D. stocksii (35.22 t/ha), B. tulda (28.39 t/ha), B. vulgaris (17.48 t/ha) and lowest in D. strictus 12.53 t/ha, respectively. While culm height and number of culms/clumps sequentially B. vulgaris, D. strictus, B. tulda, D. stocksii and B. balcoa found 17.33m, 10.36m, 10.33m, 10.27m and 8.27m and B. tulda, D. strictus, D. stocksii, B. vulgaris and B. balcoa with 54.19, 45.22, 237.33, 26.03 and 9.51 respectively. Sp1 and sp5 were non-thorny while others are thorny natures and all spp. are economically important. Species genetic diversity was assessed using five polymorphic SSRs in all the spp. Dendrogram was constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and genotypes were grouped into three clusters based on SSR profile. A total of five SSR markers (RM-154, RM-224, RM-226, RM-338 and RM-340 were used for molecular genotyping of five important bamboo spp. Out of which, RM-224 and RM- 340 shows highest polymorphic alleles (3.0) each, followed by RM-226 (2.80), RM-154 (2.0) and least in RM-338 (1.38) Among bamboo spp., highest allelic diversity observed in D. stocksii, followed by B. tulda (13.00) and lowest in B. balcoa and vulgaris (11.00). Whereas, statistical analysis indicates that B. balcoa and B. tulda possess more genetic diversity with 47.51% and 43.85 % while B. vulgaris has lowest diverse (20.33%). Based on dendrogram, it proves that D. stocksii and D. strictus are closely related and shows highest similarity among them. While bamboo species, B. tulda and vulgaries shows closest spp. and they are genetically distance with B. balcoa. The molecular characterizing by using five SSR makers will be helpful for bamboo nursery persons for species identification and characterization of economically important bamboo species using SSR markers. The morphological and molecular markers represent similarity and distance between the bamboo spp. taken under study. The information generated will be useful for future Bamboo breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Title : EFFECT OF MODIFIED WOODY PLANT MEDIA ON SHOOT PROLIFERATION OF COMMERCIAL BAMBOO (Bambusa tulda L.).(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-07-27) Authors : POTE, CHAITALI MAROTI.; Advisor : Rathod, Dr. D. R.Abstract : Present investigation entitled “Effect of modified woody plant media on shoot proliferation of commercial bamboo (Bambusa tulda L.)” was conducted at Biotechnology Centre, Dr PDKV, Akola during year 2019-20 and 2020-21 with the aim to study efficiency and effectiveness of modified woody plant media on culture establishments of commercial species of bamboo and optimization of combination of woody plant media for in-vitro shoot proliferation. The mother explants source were obtained from the well-established bamboo setum developed under AICRP on Agroforestry, College of Agriculture, Dr. PDKV, Nagpur. The nodal explants of B. tulda spp. having 3-4-year-old were taken and treatment with 0.1% tween-20 for 20 mins, 1% carbendazim for 30 mins, 1% streptomycin for 20 mins and 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 mins. These were inoculated in the month of Jan-Feb and shown maximum initiation rate 92.47% with lowest (20.88%) contamination percentage. However, explants of size 3cm showed effective growth with high multiplication rate (71.79%). The nodal explants when cultured on WPM media supplemented with 3 mg/l BAP (6-Benzylamino purine) showed high initiation i.e., 81.41% and survival rate of 45.93%. Shoot multiplication and proliferation was performed on WPM media supplemented with 3 mg/l BAP+2 mg/l kinetin +0.5 mg/l IBA was found best at 1% level of significance with highest multiplication and survival rate 60.99% and 69.88% respectively after 8th week of its inoculation while in same treatment the bud break occurred after 7th day of inoculation. Efficiency of WPM on various agar concentration was studied and it was recorded that 0.8% agar was more effective as compared with liquid media and agar at 0.3% and 0.6%. Various adjuvants and adsorbents namely; ascorbic acid, citric acid,1% charcoal, streptomycin was added in media composition to control browning which caused due to phenolic release. Among these, 1% charcoal when added to media supplemented with WPM+ 3 mg/l BAP +2 mg/l kinetin +0.5 mg/l IBA minimum browning rate to 13.33% and ascorbic acid at 50 mg/l +Citric acid at 25 mg/l when pretreated to explant showed highest initiation and survival rate 82.45 and 54.80 %, respectively. Micropropagation protocol developed will ensure multiplication of large number of B. tulda bamboo species.
