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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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20157
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Subject: Plant Breeding and Genetics × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis of yield and its components in dual purpose oat
    (JNKVV, 2015) Patil, Prakarti; Mehta, A.K.
    ABSTRACT The present study was based on “Genetic analysis of yield and its components in dual purpose oat ” conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P) with the objectives To estimate genetic variability for yield, its components and quality traits, to access inter relationship among observed traits, to workout direct and indirect effects of various characteristics on grain yield, to rank the genotype based on principal component analysis for combination of Phenotypic traits, to identify putative lines for dual purpose. The character i.e. peduncle length, spikelets per panicle , dry matter yield and grain yield exhibited high estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, indicating the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability in the population. The character viz., number of leaves per plant, internodal length, peduncle length, panicle weight, axis branch number, spikelets per panicle, florets per panicle, dry matter yield, 1000 seed weight and green fodder yield had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance , indicating the predominance of additive gene action and selection based on these characters may be effective and revealed that sufficient improvement in fodder and seed yield can be achieved through selection of these traits. The character viz., number of leaves per plant, tillers per meter and dry matter yield indicates significant positive correlation with green fodder yield at phenotypic level and plant height, number of leaves per plant, penultimate leaf area, panicle weight, spikelets per panicle, florets per panicle and 1000 seed weight possessed high positive and significant correlation among seed yield, so selection of these traits are suitable for dual purpose yield improvement. From the present investigation it can be concluded that character viz., dry matter yield, penultimate leaf area and number of leaves per plant at phenotypic level possessed positive direct effects on green fodder yield. While, character viz., florets per panicle, plant height, number of leaves per plant, days to 50% flowering, axis length, days to maturity and dry matter yield at phenotypic level possessed positive direct effects on grain yield. So it could be inferred that these characters should be subjected for selection of genotypes with higher green fodder and seed yield. On the basis of morphological, phenological and qualitative traits, PC scores which is present in different genotypes like EC209638, IC372425, IC372413, HFO-25, IC372442, IC372418, IC372432, IC372461, IC372419, IC372415, JHO-11, IC372414 and HFO-24 are on top thirteen rank. Among these top 5 genotypes are EC209638, IC372425, IC372413, HFO-25 and IC372442 .This study will help in understanding the diversity of genotypes and in the selection and improvement of desirable traits to be used or transferred during crossing programme. It will help to develop high yielding dual purpose oat varieties and breeding protocols for oat improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis and characterization of inter-subspecific cross derived genotypes for yield and quality traits in rice
    (JNKVV, 2015) Mishra, Ruchika; Koutu, G.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis and Characterization of Inter-subspecific Cross Derieved Genotypes for Yield and Quality traits in Rice” was conducted at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur, during Kharif 2014. This investigation was carried out with 75 JNPT lines of rice in randomized complete block design with three replications with the objectives to characterize JNPT lines based on morphological traits and to estimate genetic parameters of variability viz., coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance as percentage of mean, correlation coefficient analysis, path analysis, principal component analysis and molecular diversity analysis using SSR markers. In the present investigation rice genotypes under study were characterized for twenty eight qualitative traits viz., basal leaf sheath color, leaf: pubescence of blade surface, leaf: auricles, leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles, Presence of ligule on leaf, leaf: shape of ligules, leaf ligule color, presence of collar on leaves, culm attiude, flag leaf: attitude of blade, stem: anthocyanin coloration of nodes, spikelet : color of stigma, spikelet : density of pubescence, sterile lemma color, spikelet: color of tip of lemma, panicle: exsertion, panicle: attitude of branches, panicle: awns, panicle: distribution of awns, panicle: color of awns, anthocyanin coloration on leaf sheath, lemma anthocyanin colouration of area below apex, lemma anthocyanin colouration of apex, lemma and palea colour, panicle curvature of main axis, panicle presence of secondry branching, panicle secondry branching and attitude of flag leaf blade (late). All the characters under study showed considerable genetic variability. Results of analysis of variance indicated that the mean sums of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits under study, suggesting presence of sufficient variation among the genotypes for these traits. Maximum variability was observed for number of spikelet per panicle and minimum for LB ratio. Coefficient of variation truly provides a relative measure of variance among the different traits. The values of PCV for all the traits under study were found to be more than GCV and slight difference between GCV and PCV were observed in all the traits, revealing very little influence of environment for their expression. High Heritability accompanied with High Genetic Advance indicated the predominance of additive gene action for plant height, fertile spikelet per panicle, no of spikelets per panicle, stem length, harvest index, biological yield, panicle index, spikelet density, sterile spikelet per panicle, panicle weight per plant, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, grain yield per plant, panicle length, thousand grain weight, amylose percent, stem thickness, grain width, decorticated grain width. It indicates that the heritability is most likely due to additive gene effect and selection may be effective. Characters having positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant were number of spikelets per panicle, plant height, biological yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, harvest index , number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, fertile spikelets per panicle, stem length, spikelet density, spikelet fertility percent, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and milling percentage. The path coefficient analysis of different traits contributing towards grain yield revealed that number of spikelets per panicle exhibited maximum positive effect followed by plant height, biological yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, harvest index, seed breadth, panicle index, seed length, total number of productive tillers per plant, stem thickness, milling per cent, 1000 grain weight, days to maturity, flag leaf width and flag leaf length had positive direct effect on grain yield per plant . The characters with positive and significant correlation along with positive direct effect on grain yield per plant were, spikelet number per panicle, plant height, biological yield per plant, panicle weight per plant, harvest index , productive tillers per plant and milling percentage Hence, these characters are primary yield contributing characters and could be relied upon for selection to improve genetic yield potential of genotypes. The principal component analysis revealed that out of thirty one, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.9 eigen value, and showed about 62.789% variability among the traits studied. So, these five PCs were given due importance for further explanation. The PC1 showed 19.214 % while, PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5 exhibited 15.579 %, 12.520 %, 8.123 % and 7.353% variability respectively among the lines for the traits under study. PCA also revealed that number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet density, fertile spikelets per panicle, panicle weight per plant, total tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant were the characters with maximum variability. On the basis of PCA most of the important yield as well as yield and quality attributing traits were present in PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4. Therefore a promising breeding programme could be initiated by selecting lines from these principal components. Similarly for quality improvement lines could be selected from PC4 since most of the quality traits were present in this principal component. The genotypes NPT(s) 23-3, 25B × NPT 100 (a), NPT 24 × IR 36 (c) NPT(s) 4-1, NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b), NPT 33 × Mahamaya (c) and 25A × NPT 70-15 fell in yield and some in yield as well as quality associated PCs hence these lines had high value for yield and quality improvement. On the basis of plant height, panicle length, stem thickness, no of panicles, stem thickness and 1000 grain weight performance twenty four diverse lines were selected for molecular characterization especially diversity analysis on the basis of polymorphic SSR markers reported for different qualitative and quantitative traits. A total of thirteen SSR markers having different linked traits were applied to analyze the genetic architecture of the present material utilized for this study. It was found that SSR markers namely RM259, RM468, RM201, RM219, RM228 and RM7 were polymorphic and associated with important qualitative and quantitative traits i.e. grain length, kernel width, kernel length, drought tolerance, plant height, panicle length and thousand grain weight respectively. Unique alleles were amplified by four markers viz., RM201, RM228, RM259 and RM468. The markers were linked to drought tolerance, panicle length, grain length and grain width respectively. RM 259 and RM 468 amplified 3 alleles each, which were maximum number of amplified alleles. It showed that sufficient amount of genetic diversity is present in genotypes included in this study. The lines NPT(s) 6-12, NPT(s) 8-2 and NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b), 25B × NPT 100(a), NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b) and NPT 100 × HMT (b), NPT(s) 6-1 (f) and NPT 32 × Pusa Basmati (b), NPT(s) 4-1, NPT(s) 6-1 (b), NPT(s) 6-1 (c) and NPT(s) 6-1 (d) showed the presence of unique alleles and hence are of importance in molecular breeding programme. From overall molecular analysis, it is summarized that that the polymorphic markers will be used for diversity analysis, mapping and tagging of targeted genes and also QTL analysis, candidate gene approach and other relevant fields of genetics and plant breeding.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization and evaluation of field pea genotypes for yield and quality attributing traits
    (JNKVV, 2015) Shukla, Abhishek Kumar; Dubey, R.K.
    The estimates of mean sum of square due to genotypes were highly significant for all the charactersindicating the presence of genetic diversity in the existing material.The mean performance of the genotypes revealed a wide range of variability for all the traits. The variation was highest for plant height followed by pod bearing length seed yield per plant biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of effective pod per plant and 100 seed weight.The PCV was higher than the GCV for all the characters. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for pod bearing length followed by plant height, no of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant and no of primary branches per plant. Number of node per plant, pod length, no. of effective pod per plant ,no. of effective node per plant, 100-seed weight and harvest index indicating greater diversity for these traits and their further improvement through selection. Very high estimates of heritability were obtained for all the traits like100-seed weight, plant height, pod bearing length, seed yield per plant, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of effective pods per plant, pod length, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, number of effective nodes per plant and number of seeds per podIndicated that the high values of broad sense heritability for these characters expressed that they were least influenced by environmental modification. It reflected that the selection based on phenotypic performance would be effective. Genetic advance as percentage of mean ranged between 12.52% for days to maturity to 79.76% for number of effective pods per plant. The highest estimate of genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for number of effective pods per plant, followed by seed yieldper plant, plant height, biological yield per plant and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean for traits like pod bearing length followed by Plant height, Number of secondary branches per plant, Seed yield per plant,Biological yield per plant and Number of primary branches. Suggested that the preponderance of additive genes. It also indicated higher response for selection of high yielding genotypes as these characters are governed by additive gene actions. High heritability supplemented with moderate genetic advances as percentage of mean were manifested by Pod length followed by Harvest index, Number of effective pods per plant, Number of nodes per plant, Number of effective nodes per plant and 100-seed weight which might be attributed to additive gene action conditioning their expression and phenotypic selection for their amenability can be brought about. High heritability supplemented with low genetic advances as percentage of mean was manifested by Number of seed per pod, Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity.This revealed the predominance of non-additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Correlation coefficient of seed yield per plant was recorded highly significant and positive with biological yield per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seed per plant, harvest index, hundred seed weight, number of node per plant, number of effective node per plant, and days to maturitywhich indicated that effective improvement in field pea yield through these components could be achieved .The yield attributing characters exhibited varying trend amongst them. Path coefficient analysis of different characters contributing towards seed yield per plant showed that biological yield per plant had highest positive direct effect followed by harvest index. This indicates true relationships with seed yield per plant and direct selection for this trait would result in higher breeding efficiency for improving yield. Thus, this trait might be reckoned as the most important component trait for seed yield per plant.Whereas, 100 seed weight highest negative direct effect on seed yield per plant followed byPod bearing length, Number of seed per pod, Number of effective pod per plant and Number of effective node per plant. Principal component analysis revealed that Out of fifteen, only eight principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 0.5 eigen values and showed about 92.12% total variability among the characters were studied (here only 4 PC is considered having most variability in the proposed characters/traits) (Table 4.8). So, these eight PCs were given due importance for further explanation. The PC1 showed 29.784% while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7 and PC8 exhibited 23.03%, 10.07%, 8.36%, 6.600%, 5.427%, 4.926%, 3.919% variability respectively among the genotypes for the traits under study. From this study it was clear that the PC1 which accounted for the highest variability (29.784%). PC1, PC2 and PC4 accounts for yield related traits while PC3 accounts for physiological component. The PC1 was dominated by yield traits i.e. number of nodes / plant, number of effective pods / plant, number of seeds / pod, 100- seed weight (g) biological yield / plant (g), seed yield / plant (g) and harvest index (%). PC2 was also dominated by yield related traits i.e. number of primary branches / plant, plant height (cm), number of effective nodes / plant and pod bearing length (cm). PC3 accounts mostly physiological traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and number of secondary branches / plant. PC4 accounts yield rerated traits like pod length (cm). On the basis of result obtained after detailed statistical procedure especially PCA, genotypes recorded highest PC scores will be used in future for the improvement of concern traits in field pea breeding programme. Genotype FP 13-81 and FP 13-18 showed their presence in different PC components will be utilized to transfer of cluster of traits in single hybridization and also may be directly utilized after multi locational testing. Quality analysis revealed that total sugar content ranged from 6.25% (FP 13-81) to 8.01 % (FP 13-105) with an overall mean of 7.17%.Total Carbohydrate content ranged from 56.25% (FP 13-56) to 66.39% (FP 13-52) with an overall mean of 62.32 %.Total Protein content ranged from 16.20% (FP 13-56) to 24.52% (FP 13-64) with an overall mean of 20.81%.The genotype found promising for quality traits like protein, sugar and carbohydrate contents will be used in breeding programme to improve the varieties and the development of new varieties with high quality.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic evaluation of sesame germplasm based on physiological and yield traits
    (JNKVV, 2015) Dhavan, Jai Prakash; Bisen, Rajani