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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: BEHERA, BIJAYLAXMI × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT ANALYSIS OF PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJANA IN SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) BEHERA, BIJAYLAXMI; Kumari, Arunima
    Cooking is one of the chores that captures most of the time in day-to-day life of Indian women. Women in rural India hardly get time for some other productive work as they do not get time to look beyond these chores. Larger parts of the global population, especially dwelling in developing countries are deprived of exploiting the modern energy sources. The Prime minister of India launched PMUY (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana) on 1st may 2016 in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. The PMUY plan has proven to be an effective strategy for decreasing indoor air pollution and reducing premature deaths, and it is projected to continue to do so in the future. The PMUY has a significant positive impact on the country's social and economic situation. People in this category now have access to clean cooking fuel. On the basis of expenditure, health, time, and many other factors, we can simply infer that PMUY has improved the lives of villages in numerous ways. The purpose of this scheme is to end the old cooking method which people are still using and it is affecting their lives and lives of their families too. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) designs to protect the health of women and children by giving them access to a clean cooking fuel (LPG), so they won't have to risk their health in smokefilled kitchens or scurry around dangerous locations gathering firewood. With all of these concepts in mind, for the said study objectives have been formulated: 1. To know the socio-economic status of women at Samastipur district of Bihar. 2. To know about Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana running in the research area. 3. To study the impact of PMUY on various aspects of women of the selected area. 4. To find out the problems faced by the officials as well as the women in adoption & execution of PMUY. Methodology Impact analysis of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana has been conducted in Samastipur district purposively. There are altogether 20 blocks in Samastipur district. Out of which two blocks Pusa and Kalyanpur were selected purposively, where number of respondents were PMUY beneficiaries. A total number of 4 villages were selected purposively from the selected blocks. 25 beneficiaries from deopar and 25 beneficiaries from mahamdpur and 5 officials were selected from Pusa block. From Kalyanpur block 25 sample respondents from bhuskaul and 25 respondents selected from kalyanpur and 5 officials too. Thus total 55 respondents from each of block were randomly selected; further making a total of one hundred ten (110) samples were selected from the village. Fifteen independent variables were selected for the study were the age, caste, religion, sex, marital status, education, family type, family size, housing type, occupation, family income, social participation of respondents, mass media exposure, level of knowledge and problems faced by the women as well as official. For measurement of the independent variables some test were developed and some of scale developed by earlier research worker were used. The dependent variables selected for the study was impact of PMUY on various aspect of women. Data were collected through well prepared interview schedule which was developed by keeping in view of all the objectives of the study. The data collection was scheduled as contact individually with beneficiaries at their home visit. The collected data was coded, classified and tabulated. Finally the statistics like mean, standard deviation, average, frequency, percentage, Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for meaningful findings and for drawing conclusion of the study. Major finding of the study: From the research study it can be concluded that the major purpose of women respondents to buy a LPG cylinder was financial need of the family. So, need of money was a major factor for women respondents that influenced them to adopt LPG cylinder through PMUY scheme. The study showed that most of the respondents were married which means 94 percent and most of them which is 49 percent belonged to middle age, further all of the officials were married and 60% belonged to middle age. And it was known from the study that married middle age women had more knowledge about PMUY scheme. 46 percent belonged to SC category and very less which is 12 percent belonged to general category. The most prevailing means of occupation for respondents were home maker. And it was known from the study that home makers were more knowledgeable about PMUY scheme. About 86 percent of respondents’ annual income was seen between 50000 to 100000. It signifies that PMUY impacted high income families more than other families. Respondents’ exposure to mass media, 77 percent of respondents were found in the medium category. It was seen from the study that respondents with high mass media exposure were more aware about the scheme. “Pearson’s correlation coefficient” for impact of PMUY on respondents among the 10 variables taken for the model only 6 variables were found to be significant i.e. Religion, Family size, Housing type, Annual Family Income, Mass media exposure and number of gas cylinder. So, it was known from the study Hindu religion were impacted, middle family size respondents were more aware about PMUY. It was found that "unaware about the loan to buy the stove & initial LPG filling" was the most crucial one about 83% in social problems. “Unable to Prepare of feed for cattle” was most important among cultural problems of the respondents with 89% of the responses. Majority of the respondents faced the problems “Finance required for refill gas cylinder” among economic problems as the percentage score of this constraint were (96 per cent) and in physical problems respondents were perceived “Backache or leg pain” (31%) as most important among all. It has been observed that “Poor people unable to refill the LPG cylinder” (80%) was most important among social problems. “Attention/response of women while participating any training programme” 70% ranked as most important among all cultural problems. In economic problems officials were perceived “transportation & accessibility of LPG cylinders” (90%) as most important among all and “Poor road connectivity to households for delivery of cylinder” 90% ranked first among physical problems of the officials.