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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20211
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Subject: Nematology × Author: SHRAVANI, VYAMASANI × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INCIDENCE AND BIO-CONTROL OF ROOT KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita INFESTING FIELD PEA
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2021) SHRAVANI, VYAMASANI; Singh, Uma Shankar
    Field pea, Pisum sativum var. arvense belongs to family Leguminosae is an annual cool season grain legume and one of the most versatile crop for being extensively used as human consumption, livestock feed, fresh or canned vegetable. Meloidogyne incognita has been identified as a major impediment in effective field pea production. It is the most damaging, accounting for 40-45 percent of pea losses. According to a survey done in several districts of Bihar, M. incognita has been found to infect field pea crops in all of the locations. The greatest prevalence of M. incognita was found in the Birauli Khurd (974) locale, while the lowest was found in the Pusa Mahamadpur Deopar (442). Other plant parasitic genera found in the rhizosphere of field pea crops were M. javanica, Rotylenchulus spp., Haplolaimus spp., and Helicotylenchus spp. The mean root knot index (RKI) was 4 on a scale of 1 to 5, suggesting that field pea plants planted in all areas were susceptible to the root knot nematode M. incognita, according to Hartman and Sasser (1985). According to life cycle studies, J2 of M. incognita was infective juvenile stage (IJ) and penetration begins at the zone of elongation of root tips within 72 hours of inoculation. At an average day temperature range of 9.3 to 21.1°C and RH of 94 percent, the life cycle of the southern root knot nematode in field pea was completed in 33-35 days. The bio-control agents viz. Glomus fasciculatum (85-90 spores/g), Trichoderma harzianum 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g), Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.0% WP (1×108 cfu/g), Paecilomyces lilacinus (Purpureocillium lilacinum) 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g) either singly or in combined application shown significant improvement in plant growth and development and in declining nematode population. The combined application of P. fluorescens 1.0% WP (1×108 cfu/g) and Purpureocillium lilacinum 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g) @ 10g/pot each was determined to be the most efficacious. However, chemically treated plants with Cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 5g/pot had the lowest nematode population, number of galls/plant and Reproduction factor (Rf). Paecilomyces lilacnius (Purpureocillium lilacinum) 1.0% WP (2×106 cfu/g) @ 10g/pot demonstrated promising effects in plants when just single bio-control agent was used. This study discovered that utilizing a mixture of bio-control agents was more effective than using biocontrol agents alone in reducing the population of M. incognita. According to the study, biocontrol agents had the same effects as Cartap hydrochloride 4G. As a result, bio-control agents can be used instead of nematicides.