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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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2022 - 202320
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SELECTION OF ELITE EARLY MATURING SUGARCANE CLONE AND THEIR MOLECULAR CHACTERIZATION
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) DASH, CHANDAN KUMAR; Kumar, Balwant
    The current study entitled “Selection of elite early maturing sugarcane clones and their molecular characterization” conducted during the year 2022-23 at Research Farm, R.P.C.A.U., Pusa, Bihar with seventeen sugarcane clones in randomized block design with two replications was to select elite genotypes through assessment of variability, association among characters, and the effects of attributing traits on cane yield. Molecular characterizations were performed using SSR markers to complement our understanding on sugarcane genetic diversity. Sixteen traits were recorded, including germination percentage at 45 days, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, brix % and pol % in juice at 8 and 10 months stages, purity % at 8 and 10 months stages, extraction % at harvest, single cane weight, number of shoots at 120 DAP, number of millable cane at harvest, cane yield, and CCS (t/ha). The analysis of variance indicated significant variation among the sugarcane clones for all sixteen traits, highlighting their potential for improvement. Clones X 20034, CoX 20069 and CoX 20246 exhibited superior performance for most of the traits, including cane yield. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all traits, indicating the influence of environmental factors. Heritability estimates were high for most of the traits. Besides high heritability, traits such as single cane weight and number of millable cane showed the highest genetic advance, suggesting simple phenotype selection for improvement of these traits. Correlation analysis revealed several traits had highly significant positive associations with cane yield, such as germination % at 45 DAP, plant height at harvest, number of millable cane at harvest, and CCS (t/ha). Further path coefficient analysis showed the direct and indirect effects of these traits on cane yield, with CCS (t/ha) having the highest positive direct effect while brix % at 10 months stage showing the highest negative direct effect. Genetic characterization using SSR markers demonstrated a substantial level of genetic diversity among the seventeen sugarcane clones, enabling unique genotyping. The markers showed 123 allelic variations, with an average of 7.23 alleles per primer, and primer pairs NKS 1, NKS 34, NKS 57, and NKS 61 displayed a higher number of alleles. The PIC values ranged from 0.63 to 0.92, indicating the genotypes' allelic diversity and frequency. The study employed a selection procedure based on pooled ranking of sucrose % in juice at 10 months stage and cane yield, along with natural disease tolerance, insect infestation, and morphological appearance. Based on ranking of cane yield and sucrose % three genotypes namely CoX 20398, CoX 2069 and CoX 20164 were selected as elite early maturing clones with tolerance against natural incidence of diseases and pests. These elite early maturing clones will be helpful in further breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION FOR GRAIN ZINC CONCENTRATION OF RICE GENOTYPES
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) RS, ASWATHY NAIR; Nilanjaya
    The present investigation was undertaken with thirty five rice genotype which were presumed to be biofortified to study the variability and genetic parameter in addition to character association, path effects for yield and quality parameter, genetic divergence study among the genotypes and to evaluate genetic diversity in grain Zinc content using microsatellite spanning primers in the representative population. This study involved ten quantitative characters viz. Plant height, Panicle length, Days to 50% flowering, Days to physiological maturity, No: of panicles per plant, Spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, No: of grains per panicle, Zinc content in rice grains, Grain yield per plant. The results have revealed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for Grains per panicle, high heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean for traits like plant height, Days to 50% flowering, Days to physiological maturity, No. of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility,1000 grain weight, No. of grains per panicle, zinc content in rice grains, grain yield per plant. The results of character association revealed that No. of panicles per plant, Spikelet fertility, No. of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight were positively and significantly associated with grain yield per plant. So indirect selection of these trait would be fruitful. Path coefficient analysis showed that traits like No. of panicles per plant, Spikelet fertility, No. of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and zinc content in rice grains exhibited positive direct effects on grain yield per plant indicating the effectiveness of these traits in improvement of grain yield per plant towards development of high yielding genotypes with good nutritional quality. The current study assess genetic diversity and to determine the Zn value by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Zinco rice and R-RGY-MH-113 had highest zinc value of respectively. Based on the tocher method shown that the total genotypes are clustered into nine clusters in which cluster IV had the maximum genotypes followed by cluster I and cluster II. The inter cluster distance, the maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster VIII and cluster IX followed by cluster V and cluster IX. Therefore, it was concluded that diverged genotypes from these groups can be utilized as better parents for future breeding programmes. Thirteen microsatellite spanning primers were used for the amplification. Except OsYSL6K all the other primers resulted in successful amplification. A total of 49 allelic variants were amplified using the above mentioned primers in which four primer viz. OsZIP7K, OsYSL2K, OsNRAMP7K and OsNACK amplified a single unique allele each and the primer OsZIP5K produced two unique alleles, typically 4.08 alleles per locus, with a range of 1to 6 alleles per primer. The examined rice genotypes are clustered into four broad clusters with a clear differentiation of genotypes into low, moderate and high concentration of grain zinc in them.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessing the effect of Heat stress at reproductive stage in Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their molecular characterization
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) V, ANIRUDH T; SINGH, SATISH KUMAR
    The current experiment entitled “Assessing the effect of Heat stress at reproductive stage in Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their molecular characterization” was conducted during rabi season 2022-2023. Experiment was undertaken featuring the 30 bread wheat genotypes in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications under timely(normal) and late sown(heat stress) condition was conducted in Research Farm RPCAU Pusa. Data was recorded on the parameters like Plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, SPAD, canopy temperature, soil temperature, number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, relative water content, spikelet fertility, pollen fertility, heat susceptibility index. The investigation involved assessing the level of genetic variability, the relationship among the different parameters studied, direct and indirect effects, genetic diversity and molecular diversity with trait specific SSR markers. All the genotypes have shown decreased performance for parameters including spikelet fertility, grain weight, and pollen fertility with the exception of genotypes 41ESYT 102, 9th HPYT 440 for increased Pollen fertility under heat stress condition. Analysis of variance under both timely and late sown environments showed that significant variation exists among the genotypes for all the traits, suggesting that selecting appropriate genotypes based on performance of traits could lead to successful outcomes. Traits with high heritability associated with high Genetic advance as per cent of mean exhibited by number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per plant, and grain filling rate. Trait grain yield per plant had a substantial positive alliance with Grain filling rate, SPAD, Number of effective tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, Number of grains per spike, Spikelet fertility, Pollen fertility and Relative water content under both conditions. It had a substantial negative alliance with Canopy temperature, Soil temperature, Plant height and Heat susceptibility index. CT revealed negative relation with Grain yield per plant and Grain filling rate indicating that elevated CT leads to yield reduction under heat stressed environment. Attributes like Grain filling rate, SPAD, Number of grains per spike, Number of effective tillers per plant and Relative water content must be prioritised in the selection process for crop improvement as they are positively correlated with grain yield per plant and also has a strong direct effect on grain yield per plant and also the remaining traits contributed indirectly to grain yield. Correlation and direct ,indirect effects implied SPAD, Grain filling rate, Relative water content, Spikelet fertility and Number of effective tillers per plant would be dependable and efficient as they illustrated positively strong association with grain yield per plant and positive interrelation among themselves and also through indirect effects of remaining traits on grain yield per plant. 30 bread wheat genotypes under timely sown environment were clustered into Ⅵ clusters, whereas into Ⅳ clusters under late sown condition. Cluster Ⅲ and Ⅵ reported maximum inter cluster distance followed by cluster Ⅳ and Ⅴ, whereas cluster Ⅲ and Ⅴ reported minimum inter cluster distance under timely sown condition. Under late sown condition , inter cluster distance was recorded maximum and minimum between the cluster Ⅰ and Ⅱ and cluster Ⅱ and Ⅳ respectively Genotype SSN-2021-13 can be selected as suitable donor parent for traits like Grain filling rate, Number of grains per spike, Number of effective tillers per plant, spikelet and pollen fertility and Relative water content under timely sown scenario. Genotype 41 ESWYT-102 can be used in breeding programs for advancement in characters such as number of grains per spike, pollen fertility and Number of effective tillers per plant. Genotype NEST-19-22 will be effective in improvement for SPAD and Grain yield per plant. 26 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for estimation of molecular diversity in the 30 bread wheat genotypes. These markers produced distinct and scorable bands for the genotypes used. All the 30 genotypes were classified into 5 clusters, Cluster Ⅳ had maximum of 16 genotypes and minimum number of genotypes obtained in Cluster Ⅱ having 2 genotypes. Magnitude of similarity coefficient between 11th HPYT 414 and SSN-2021-13 , followed by11th HPYT 425 and SSN-2021-13, was determined to be maximum. Dissimilarity coefficient was maximum between 11th HPYT 431 and 38 SAWSN 3253, followed by 11th HPYT 431 and 41ESWYT-102.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHENOTYPING AND DEEPWATER RESPONSE RELATED GENOTYPING OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF RICE
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) KUMAR, LALAN; Singh, Mithilesh Kumar
    The current research project, titled “Phenotyping and Deepwater Response Related Genotyping of Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice.” encompassed a collection of 25 genotypes. This study was executed at the RPCAU Research Farm located in Pusa, Bihar utilizing randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications during the Kharif season - (2022). The primary objectives of the study were to assess variations in yield and yield components, specifically focusing on grain yield in deepwater conditions. Data were recorded on the parameters like plant height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of tillers per plant, leaf length, number of grains per panicle, kernel breadth, kernel length, test weight, kernel L/B ratio, and grain yield per plant in the field. The investigation involved assessing the level of genetic variability, the relationship among different parameters studied, direct and indirect effects and molecular diversity with respect to trait specific SSR markers. The materials were grown in pots to obtain genomic DNA from young seedlings. The extracted DNA was then subjected to targeted amplification using a set of six SSR primer pairs. The molecular investigations were carried out in the Rice Molecular Breeding Laboratory, situated in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding at Pusa. Analysis of Variance revealed that significant differences existed for all the studied traits among the genotypes. PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits, albeit of low difference indicating meagre influence of environment on trait expression. High heritability (h²bs) coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for days to 50% flowering, number of grains per panicle, leaf length, number of tillers per plant, test weight, kernel length, kernel length to breadth ratio and grain yield per plant. Therefore, direct selection for these traits could be rewarding to modify the trait mean in the direction of selection. Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that the trait test weight, number of grains per panicle and panicle length had significant positive correlation with grain yield as well as high direct effect on grain yield. Therefore, direct selection for these could be exercised to improve the grain yield. Six simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used for estimation of molecular diversity in relation to deepwater response related traits. These markers produced distinct and scorable bands for the genotypes used. All the 25 genotypes were accommodated into 4 clusters, with cluster III having maximum genotypes i.e., 9 and cluster 2 and 4 containing minimum genotypes i.e.,5, each. The markers were polymorphic with PIC value ranging from 0.608 (RM 20562) to 0.825 (RM3769). Genotypes viz. RAU1538-16-5 and RAU1538-16-6 showed minimum genetic divergence with respect to all the SSR markers studied.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF TRANSPLANTED FINGER MILLET USING MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN SUMMER
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) S, ADITHYA RAJENDRAN; MISHRA,SWETA
    The present study was conducted to determine the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction for grain yield and to identify more stable finger millet genotypes for summer season. The experiment was laid down in Augmented block Design and 144 finer millet genotypes along with 3 checks (RAU-8, GPU-67 and VL-376) were evaluated for 2 summer seasons of 2022 (season 1) and 2023 (season 2). There were highly significant variations among genotypes for all the quantitative traits studied. The mean grain yield averaged over seasons ranged from 309.74 kg/ha to 3012.35 kg/ha in season 1 and from 429.13 kg/ha to 2931.64 kg/ha in season 2. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, finger length, finger width, ear length, fingers per ear, plant height, number of basal tillers, productive tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf blade length, flag leaf blade width and peduncle length showed significant positive correlation with grain yield in season 1 and season 2. finger length, fingers per ear, number of basal tillers, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf blade width and peduncle length showed positive direct effects with grain yield in season1 and season 2. For qualitative morphological traits most genotypes showed erect type of plant growth habit, compact ear shape, absence of finger multiple whorls, absence of finger branching, copper brown seed colour, round shaped seeds, absence of stem culm branching, dark green coloured glume, absence of seed shattering and persistent pericarp. Some genotypes showed finger branching in thumb finger. Among the genotypes, RAU-FM-Sheohar-2009-19 (987.0) and RAU-FM-Sheohar-2009-9 (964.9) showed higher values for seed vigour index I. RAU-FM-83 (1.271), RAU-FM-Gopalganj-2009-5 (1.144) and RAU-FM-93 (0.960) showed higher values for seed vigour index II. RAU-FM-Sheohar-2009-9 (11.38cm) outperformed the check varieties in terms of seedling length. Most of the genotypes showed 100% seed germination. RAU-FM-Sheohar-2010-9 recorded higher value (18.4) for chlorophyll content. RAU-FM-82 exhibited a comparable performance with check varieties for speed of germination with a value of 3.33. RAU-FM-Sheohar-2009-9 which showed a better performance for seed vigour index I, seedling length and chlorophyll content, had high flag leaf blade length. Genotypes RAU-FM-83 and RAU-FM-Gopalganj-2009-5 which had high vigour index II also had higher values for days to 50% flowering. RAU-FM-Sheohar-2009-14 which had high seedling length and RAU-FM-82 which had high speed of germination showed higher mean performance for plant height. RAU-FM-100 also had high speed of germination as well as showed a better mean performance for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. GGE Biplot showed that RAU-FM-Kanti-2010-1 showed stable performance for ear length; RAU-FM-Sheohar-2009-14 for fingers per ear; RAU-FM-114 for productive tillers per plant and RAU-FM-86 for 1000-grain weight, respectively. RAU-FM-86 showed better mean performance for the trait fingers per ear. As per GGE Biplot analysis, the summer season was new in Bihar where finger millet is being introduced for the first time. So, this maybe the reason that the biplot didn’t include the seasons under ideal environment. The genotypes RAU-8, GPU-67 and VL-376 were identified for stable performance in terms of yield. Though these are released varieties, they are usually grown in kharif season and were new to summer season and hence can be either evaluated for more summer seasons. The genotypes showed better performance of other traits can be selected for more summer seasons or used as a donor parent for the particular traits in pre-breeding programmes in future.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity analysis in maize (Zea mays L.) using morphological characters
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) KUMAR, DHARMENDRA; Kumar, Ajay
    The experiment was done to evaluate 25 inbred lines of maize for various traits to calculate the extent of variability, diversity and association between these lines for different traits. The experiment was carried out during rabi 2021 in randomized block design by using 3 replications having 4.8 m2 plot size at Maize research farm of TCA, Dholi, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The characters were studied viz days to 50 % tasseling, days to50 % silking,days to 75% brown husk, plant height (cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear girth (cm), number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, iron content (ppm), zinc content Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the parameters shows presence of considerable variability among all the genotypes. Narrow deviation from genotypic and phenotypic variance evident that very less environmental influence on expression of almost all characters. Character viz., iron content (ppm), zinc content (ppm) and grain yield (kg/ha) exhibited high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Since these traits are characterized by additive gene action, direct selection may be effective. According to the findings of correlation studies, both phenotypic and genotypic levels of grain yield were strongly correlated with plant height (cm), ear lengths (cm), ear girth (cm), number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row and harvest index. The number of kernel rows per ear and grain yield were found to have a substantial positive connection as well as a positive direct influence based on path analysis. Plant height, ear length, ear girth, and the number of kernel rows per row can all be inferred from trait connections' nature, quantity, and direct and indirect effects. Number of kernel rows per ear might be utilized in a selection programme as a deciding factor when choosing high producing genotypes for breeding. The D2 analysis showed considerable genetic divergence among the 25 inbred lines studied. According to the D2 analysis, the 25 maize inbred lines were divided into eight clusters, with cluster I having the largest number of inbred lines, while clusters II, V, VI, VII, and VIII have only one inbred line. Cluster VI (21-213-CML-401) and cluster VIII (HKI-1105) were the most distant cluster among inbred line within the clusters, indicating the greatest genetic diversity. On the basis of overall performance of different lines21-113-CML× HKI- 1105 and (CML-165×K145)-B-11-3-BB are more likely of produce heterotic hybrids or transgressive segregants. Additionally, these inbred lines need to be tested for combining ability and gene action using varying mating designs to produce hybrids based on the type of gene action involved.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE CLONES IN EARLY GENERATION
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) PANDA, PRAGNYA PARAMITA; Kumar, Balwant
    Current research programme entitled as “Evaluation of Sugarcane clones in early generation” was performed in the year 2021-22, at SRI, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samatipur, Bihar. In the present investigation, twenty-eight genotypes with two checks were studied for variability, character association and path analysis. High yielding early maturing clones with high brix % had selected. The observations were noted down on eight quantitative traits viz., Germination % at 45 DAP, no. of tillers at 120 DAP, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest, number of millable canes at harvest, HR brix at November, December & January and cane yield in early clonal generation. The analysis of variance revealed a substantial difference among the checks and entries for all the parameters in early clonal generation. Correlation co-efficient analysis showed that five quantitative traits viz., Germination% at 45 DAP, no. of tillers at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest and no. of millable canes at harvest had a significant positive interrelationship with cane yield in the early clonal generation whereas HR brix in November, December and January had showed statistically non-significant interrelationship with that of cane yield. Maximum direct positive effect on cane yield was observed by single cane weight at harvest followed by no. of millable canes at harvest, HR brix in November, cane diameter at harvest & plant height at harvest whereas maximum negative direct effect on cane yield had shown by HR brix in January followed by HR brix in December, germination% at 45 DAP & no. of tillers at 120 DAP. From the aforementioned outcomes it has been shown that selection should be based on cane yield at harvest along with its component traits such as germination% at 45 DAP, no. of millable canes at harvest, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest & single cane weight at harvest as well as quality parameter such as HR brix% also should taken into consideration. On the basis of pooled ranking of cane yield at harvest as well as brix% performance in November, seven-clones namely CoX 20377,CoX 20398,CoX 20443,CoX 20414,CoX 20437,CoX 20400 & CoX 20464 were identified as superior clones, which can directly be used in further varietal evaluation trial as well as hybridization program.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE GERMPLASM USING PHENOTYPIC TRAITS AND GENOMIC MARKERS
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) G, SHARATHKUMAR; DR., NILANJAYA
    The present study was carried out at Rice research farm, Pusa, Samastipur, (DRPCAU, Bihar, India) in the Kharif 2021 to evaluate germplasm for phenotypic and molecular characterization. Examination was carried out on diversity, path analysis, character association, and genetic divergence for eleven yield ascribing character via, days to fifty percent blooming, days to physiological maturity, height of plant, length of panicle, panicles per plant, spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain breadth, Test weight and grain yield per plant. Experiment was laid out in three replications in RBD. Molecular characterization of forty germplasm using Ten polymorphic SSR marker targeting five chromosome was done for molecular diversity analysis. ANOVA has shown exceedingly significant variation among the lines for eleven yield ascribing phenotypic traits. spikelets per panicles, panicles per plant, and grain yield per plant portrayed very high GCV and PCV indicating the importance of these traits in guesstimate for selecting the genotypes. The character like panicles per plant, height of plant, length of panicle, spikelets per panicle, thousand grain weight, seed length and seed yield per plant showed high heritability of characters coupled with high genetic enhancement as per cent of mean demonstrating the preponderance of additive gene action. So, direct selection for these traits may be useful for future advance of genotypes. The character like days to maturity, days to fifty percent flowering and grain breadth had shown high heritability coupled with the moderate genetic advance per cent mean designates the both additive and non-additive action of gene so that selection can be practiced in later generation that is during the selection of segregation generation. Correlation study revealed that the panicle length and panicles per plant had shown the high significant characters association with seed yield per plant indicating selection for these characters will simultaneal improv the other character and will give desired result. The path analysis shown that number of panicles per plant, panicle length and grain length had shown high direct effect in positive direction, selection for this trait will leads to substantial improvement in grain yield per plant. Divergence study by D2 statistic revealed the VII clusters for forty germplasm in which cluster I and II having highest number of lines (i.e., nine in each cluster) and cluster VII is mono-genotypic. The cluster VI and cluster: I exhibited high inter cluster distance crossing between these cluster will yield the superior transgression line which is rewarding for the plant breeding program which show highest mean for the days to maturity, days to fifty percent blooming, spikelets per panicle, and grain breadth respectively and lowest mean for thousand grain weight and grain yield per plan. The hybridization can be even performed in between cluster VI and VII, cluster V and IV and cluster: III and IV which will yield good transgressive line due to their variability. The percentage contribution towards divergence was observed maximum form traits like thousand grain weight, days to 50% blooming, panicles per plant, grain length and spikelets per panicle Selection for traits like this will be rewarding and had more scope for improvement for this trait. Amplification reaction was performed with forty rice germplasm by ten microsatellite primer pair namely RM511, RM324, RM5791, RM279, RM3825, RM15780, RM24390, RM28130, RM15791 and MRG 2894 targeting 5 chromosomes of rice, all primer pair were amplified and given polymorphic scorable band Polymorphism was recorded on the presence and absence of respective genotype band and also from number and position of band. High polymorphism was shown by MRG2894, RM28130, RM511, RM5791, RM324 and RM15780 this primer can be further utilized for the characterization, fingerprinting and claiming the intellectual right. The total of 56 allelic variant are recorded of which 3 are unique allele and 53 were shared allele with forty germplasm by ten SSR primer. Single unique allele produced by RM511, RM24390 and RM28130 and all remaining seven primer produced shared allele ranged from four to seven. The average amount of polymorphic information in each primer was 0.729, and 10 primers were used to guide the amplification of 56 alleles. The number of alleles produced by each primer varied from 1-2 per locus, with an average of 5.6 alleles per primer. 3.29 alleles were found for each of the 17 loci that were amplified using ten primers and forty samples of germplasm. Unique alleles for particular genotypes were discovered using SSR analysis, which might be used as DNA fingerprints. The use of ten SSR markers in the analysis of rice entries unveiled a remarkable higher level of genetic polymorphism, which permitted unique genotyping of forty germplasm included in the investigation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-molecular characterization of three line Rice Hybrids
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) Kumar, A. Ravi; Kant, Ravi
    The current investigation on “Morpho- molecular characterization of threeline rice hybrids” was carried out with 31 three-line rice hybrids and 3 commercial checks. Objectives of the experiment were to assess the agro-morphological attributes and production potential of three-line rice hybrids, molecular marker-based characterization of promising three lines rice hybrid. The experiment was conducted Hybrid Rice plot of TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur and Molecular investigation was done at Molecular laboratory, Post graduate Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, India. The experimental design adopted was Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observation for 18 quantitative attributes i.e. plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, culm diameter, kernel length, kernel width, root volume, root fresh weight, root dry weight, days to maturity, spikelet fertility, test weight and grain yield per plant were recorded for estimation of various parameters like genetic variability, phenotypic correlation coefficient, path analysis and estimation of standard heterosis for yield. Molecular characterization was undertaken for estimation of diversity and as confirmation test of F1 hybrid genotypes with their respective parental lines. The results of the analysis of variance showed that all character genotypes differed significantly. The results of the analysis of variance showed that all character genotypes differed significantly. Among the checks the variety the Rajendra Sweta performed best for the grain yield per plant. Two rice hybrid genotypes namely IR68897A × KMR-3R and Rajendra-3A × RRR–4 was exhibited superior standard heterosis over all three checks for trait grain yield per plant. Five rice hybrid genotypes namely Rajendra-1A × RRR–4, Rajendra-3A × DR714 -1-2, Rajendra-3A × MSN- 36 R, IR - 58025A × MSN - 36R and CMR 32A × RRR – 2 also exhibited superior standard heterosis for yield over two checks Rajendra Bhagwati and Arize gold 6444. Plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, leaf length, leaf area, kernel length, kernel width, root fresh weight, root dry weight, spikelet fertility, test weight, showed positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Hence, selection for any one of these characters would ultimately bring improvement of grain yield. No. of tillers per plant, plant height, root fresh weight, leaf length, no. of panicles per plant, leaf width, kernel length, root volume revealed a significant direct impact on grain yield per plant. Therefore, making a selection based on these traits would increase grain output. In terms of standard heterosis for yield, IR68897A×KMR-3R, Rajendra- 3A×RRR-4 are shown positively superior for yield over three checks followed by Rajendra - 1A × RRR – 4, R Rajendra - 3A × DR714 - 1- 2, Rajendra - 3A × MSN- 36 R, IR - 58025A × MSN - 36R, CMR 32A × RRR – 2 have shown positively superior for yield over two checks Rajendra Bhagwati and Arize gold 6444, remaining hybrids sown superiority over one check for yield. By utilising 12 primer pairs, a total of 33 shared alleles and 13 unique alleles were produced as amplified products. Allele diversity and frequency among the rice parental genotypes ranged from 0.00 in RM 416, RM 431 and RM 558 to 0.84 on MRG 2894, according to the PIC values. The range of alleles per locus was between one in primer pair RM-416, RM- 431, RM-558 to seven in primer pair MRG-2894 and six in primer pair RM-520, RM- 538, RM-515 & five in primer pair RM-555, four in primer pair RM-276 and three in primer pair RM-252, RM-319, RM-321. All primers pairs were generated both unique and shared alleles except RM- 319, RM-416, RM-431 and RM-558 are generated only shared alleles without any unique alleles. The magnitude dice similarity coefficient between RAJ-3A and IR 68897A was found to be maximum (0.917) whereas it was minimum for IR 58025A and RRR- 1, RRR-5, DR-714-1-2 (0.240). The dendrogram makes it quite evident that the entries were essentially split into five clusters. Cluster B had maximum (4) genotypes followed by cluster C, D and E (2) genotypes, cluster A is mono-genotypic. Among 12 primers seven primers found to be comparatively informative for all nineteen hybrids and eleven parents. Only five primers namely MRG2894, RM515, RM 520, RM 538 and RM 555 were able to confirm the F1 with respective parental lines.