Loading...
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
Browse
52 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) UNDER TIMELY AND LATE SOWN CONDITION FOR ZINC BIOFORTIFICATION(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2020) KUMARI, SHARDA; Singh, Satish KumarA study was conducted at Wheat Breeding section, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during Rabi 2017-18 to evaluate the genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under timely and late sown conditions. Observation were recorded on plant height, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area, days to fifty per cent flowering, canopy temperature, relative water content, spike length, number of grains per spike, spike fertility, chlorophyll content, days to maturity, thousand grain weight, harvest index, yield per plant, zinc content and heat susceptibility index. 28 genotypes were grown under two environments namely non stressed (timely sown) and stressed (late sown). The experiment in each environment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the accessions for all the parameters except canopy temperature under both timely and late sown conditions. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance was found to be low for days to fifty per cent flowering, harvest index, spike fertility, grains per spike under both the environment (late and timely). Heat susceptibility index showed highest GCV and PCV under late sown condition. It is interesting to note that the differences between GCV and PCV values were minimum implying least influence of environment. Heritability in broad sense for all the characters namely days to fifty per cent flowering, thousand grain weight were found to be high in both environments. The four characters namely heat susceptibility index, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content were found to have high heritability under late sown condition. The characters, namely days to fifty per cent flowering exhibited high heritability coupled with medium genetic advance as per cent of mean under both environments. Hence, direct selection can be done through this character for future improvement of genotypes. The four characters namely heat susceptibility index, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll content were found to have high heritability revealed high heritability with moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean under late sown condition, whereas days to maturity showed high heritability with low genetic advance as per cent of mean in timely sown condition. Moderate heritability coupled with low genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for traits like number of grains per spike in both environments. Spike length, flag leaf area exhibited moderate heritability with low genetic advance under timely sown condition . Relative water content, plant height, spike fertility, shows medium heritability with low genetic advance under late sown condition. Zinc content showed medium heritability with medium genetic advance under late sown condition. All genotypes showed higher yield under timely sown condition compared to late sown condition, indicating the potential of genotypes to yield better if the favourable condition prevailed. 28 genotypes were grouped into five clusters under timely sown condition but distribution of genotypes in cluster was dissimilar. Under timely sown condition, the maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster III followed by cluster II and I. The least intra cluster distance was observed in cluster IV and V indicating close resemblance between the genotypes presented in these cluster. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V followed by cluster I and III, cluster II and IV, cluster III and IV and cluster I and II indicating the chances of getting high yielding recombinants would be better if the crosses are made among the genotypes of these groups. The lowest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and IV followed by cluster I and V, cluster II and IV showing these clusters were relatively less divergent. The maximum contribution in the manifestation of genetic divergence in timely sown condition was exhibited by days to fifty per cent flowering, followed by thousand grain weight, number of grains per spike, grain yield, number of tillers per plant, spike length, zinc content under late sown condition suggesting scope for improvement in these characters. In other words, selection for these characters may be rewarding. In late sown condition, in the present investigation, 28 genotypes (including check) were grouped into nine clusters on the basis of D2 statistics and ward minimum variance. Cluster II comprises highest number of genotypes (17) followed by cluster I (4). Whereas, the cluster III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX were solitary (monogenotypic), comprising single genotype each. Cluster III may be selected as a donor for dwarfness. For the purpose of earliness, cluster VIII followed by I, V were most suited. The genotypes in cluster (IV and VIII) followed by cluster (VII and VIII), due to maximum inter cluster distance between them, exhibited high degree of genetic diversity and thus may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants. The highest contribution in the manifestation of genetic divergence in late sown condition was depicted by days to fifty percent flowering followed by heat susceptibility index, thousand grain weight and zinc content. This indicated that selection of genotypes for these traits may be rewarding for future utilization in breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Divergence studies for early heat tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using morpho-physiological traits and microsatellite markers(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2021) S, VIGNESH; Singh, S.K.The current research programme entitled “Divergence studies for early heat tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using morpho-physiological traits and microsatellite markers” consisting of 29 bread wheat genotypes and this research was organized at DRPCAU Research Farm, Pusa. RBD with 3 replications was laid out in both the sowing conditions during 2020-21. The research was organized in two different sowing conditions i.e. Early and Timely sown environments, by taking different criterion like Variability, heritability and genetic advances, interrelation between various traits and their direct and indirect effects on GYP and genetic diversity evaluation into concern. ANOVA conceded significant variations between the accessions for all traits under both environments. The characters viz., TPP and GYP exhibited high heritability lies with high GAM in both conditions suggesting that a simple selection system prospective advantageous for such characters to carry genetic enhancement in the favored manner. RAUW 324 was ascertained significant over check (HD 2967) under heat stress environment for HSI specifying that selection of this genotype for heat stress n early condition was beneficial in crop improvement programme. GYP had a significant positive alliance among CC, TGW, PH, FE, SEL, TPP, GPS, SPL, and HI under both conditions, but it had a substantial negative alliance with CT, signifying the importance of these characters with regards to yield. SPL had a noteworthy strong direct positive impact on GYP on both the sowing conditions, as a consequence, selection based on this character would be efficient in getting better the bread wheat genotypes yield under early stage heat stress conditions. Under timely sown situation, cluster III and VII displayed the greatest inter-cluster distance afterward cluster III and VI suggesting that crosses between the genotypes of these clusters could increase the odds of obtaining higher productive recombinants. Under early sown conditions, the genotypes in cluster I and II displayed a significant level of genetic diversity because of the maximum inter-cluster distance among them. Under stress condition the minimum intra-cluster distance was found between cluster IV and VI. Cluster III reported maximum intra-cluster distance (D2) followed by Cluster I under timely sown, whereas Cluster II followed by Cluster I observed maximum intra-cluster distance under early sown condition. TGW devoted the most to towards the manifestation of genetic divergence, followed by TPP, DFF, SPL and PH in timely sown conditions. Whereas, early sown conditions TPP, CC, GPS, DFF, DM and SEL contributed the most. This suggests that selecting genotypes for these characters might be beneficial for further use in breeding programmes in the corresponding environments. 14 SSR markers were used to evaluate the molecular diversity in the 29 bread wheat genotypes. All the 29 genotypes were classified into 6 groups based on molecular diversity. Group A accommodated maximum number of genotypes whereas least number of genotypes was found in group D and E. High similarity coefficient was found between RAUW 301 and RAUW 304 followed by RAUW 312and RAUW 323.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF REGENERATIVE RESPONSE OF MID-LATE SUGARCANE VARIETIES UNDER IN VITRO CONDITION(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2021) SINGH, SUSHAN; KAMAT, D. N.Six improved mid-late cultivars, CoP 2061, BO 154, CoP 15440, CoP 15441, CoP 16440 and CoP 17440 of sugarcane were analyzed for their in vitro responses. Shoot apex explant culture of these cultivars on media M1 (MS basal) and M2 (MS basal + 0.5 mgl-1 IAA + 0.5 mgl-1 + 0.5mgl-1 KIN) suggested M1 medium to be better for establishment of cultures. Further, shoot apex culture of the six selected cultivars on media M3 (MS basal + 0.1 mgl-1 IAA + 2.0 mgl-1 BAP + 1.0 mgl-1 KIN) and M4 (MS basal + 0.1 mgl-1 IAA + 2.0 mgl-1 BAP + 1.0 mgl-1 KIN) resulted in shoot proliferation as well as elongation of shoots. Media M5 (½ MS basal + 5.0 mgl-1 NAA) and M6 (MS basal + 5.0 mgl-1 NAA) induced rhizogenesis which was assessed by the number of roots formed as well as their elongation. Scaly leaf culture of all the cultivars on the medium M7 (MS basal + 3.0 mgl-1 2,4-D) resulted in callogenesis including embryogenic callogenesis. The plantlets were acclimatized. A genotypic difference for all tissue culture responses was found in the six selected cultivars. The cultivars CoP 2061 and BO 154 were at par with each other, showed the best responses and were significantly superior to other cultivars and CoP 17440 was the poorest performing cultivar. Thus, the sugarcane cultivars showed differential response under in vitro conditions suggesting the development of specific tissue culture protocol for individual genotype. The protocol for micropropagation of CoP 2061 might include the use of MS basal medium for the initial inoculation, M₄ media for shoot proliferation, M₃ and M₄ for shoot elongation, M₆ for both root induction and elongation and M₇ for callogenesis.ThesisItem Open Access Character association and genetic diversity analysis in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) INDORIYA, ROHIT; KANT, RAVIThe present research programme entitled “character association and genetic diversity analysis in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was conducted with thirty-two field pea genotypes collected from various places across the country at the research farm, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during the Rabi season of 2020-21. The material was assessed using RBD (Randomized Block Design) with four replications. Twelve traits were selected for the study viz., plant height (cm), days to 50 % flowering, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grains per pod, harvest index (%), pod length (cm), 100 seeds weight (g), days to maturity, growing degree days (ºC), and yield per plant (g). ANOVA exhibited significant Mean Sum of Square (MSS) values due to genotype for all traits, which is an indicative of the presence of ample amount of variability in field pea genotypes used for the study. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) values were slightly greater than the Genotypic coefficient of Variance (GCV) values which was attributed for the meager effect of environment on the morphological appearance of the traits. In the study, high heritability coupled high genetic advance was observed for number of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight (g), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, harvest index (%), plant height (cm) and yield per plant (g), which indicated the preponderance of additive gene action. Therefore, response to early selection may be effective in improving these traits. Based on correlation and path analysis, number of pods per plant, harvest index (%), number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with yield per plant having their positive direct effect suggesting that during selection these traits may be considered as prime trait to improve yield of field pea. Based on diversity using Tocher's method, the thirty-two genotypes were grouped into six different clusters. The inter-cluster distances were recorded higher than the intra-cluster distances further indicating a considerable amount of diversity in the genotypes involved. Highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster I and VI. Among all the characters studied, plant height contributed maximum to the diversity. Further, genotypes HUPT 1810, TRCP 8(cluster VI) and Pant P 449 (Cluster I) were selected as superior lines based on high inter cluster distance alongside mean performance for most of yield attributing traits suggesting that these genotypes may be used in crossing programme to obtain heterotic recombinants as well as transgressive segregants.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) LAL, MADAN; Singh, Satish KumarThe present research programme entitled “Morphological and molecular characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes” was conducted with twenty-four wheat genotype collected from Department of PB&G in the research farm of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa during the Rabi season of 2020-21. The material was assessed using RBD (Randomized Block Design) in 3 replications. Ten traits were selected for present study viz., PH (cm), TPP, DFF, SL (cm), GPS, CHL, DM, TGW, HI and YP(g). ANOVA exhibited significant mean sum of square (MSS) values due to genotype for all traits, which is an indicative of the presence of ample amount of variability in the wheat genotypes used for the study. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) values recorded were superior than the Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) values which was attributed for the impact of environment on the morphological appearance of the traits. In the study, high heritability alongside high genetic advance was observed for TPP. The correlation analysis revealed that the trait YP was correlated positively and significantly with TPP. Path analysis revealed that beneficial positive direct effect on grain yield was reported by the traits like TPP, HI and TGW. While, significant negative direct effect was recorded for DFF. Based on diversity using Tocher's method, the 24 genotypes were categorized into 7 clusters. Among all the characters studied, number of tillers per plant contributed maximum to the diversity followed by the YP, DFF and HI. The inter-cluster distances were recorded higher than the intra-cluster distances further indicating a considerable amount of diversity in the genotypes involved. Cluster-IV and VII had the greatest inter-cluster distance, while cluster-V and VII had the smallest inter-cluster distance. Cluster II showed highest value for intra-cluster distance and cluster III, IV, V, VI and VII were exhibited zero intra cluster distance. 10 SSR primers were used to evaluate the molecular diversity in the 24 bread wheat genotypes. All the 24 genotypes were classified into 4 groups based on molecular diversity. Group A accommodated maximum number of genotypes whereas, least number of genotypes was found in group D. High similarity coefficient was found between RAUW 725 and RAUW 509.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES UNDER UPLAND CONDITION(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) NARAYAN, KUMAR MRINMAY; Kumar, RajeshThe present research programme entitled “Genetic evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under upland condition”, consisting of fifteen genotypes, was conducted at BSP (Breeder Seed Production) Plot No.-16, Tirhut college of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur during Kharif season 2020. The objective of the investigation was to assess the variability for yield and yield attributing traits to work out trait association of yield parameters and to assess genetic divergence among rice genotypes. Utilizing mean values of ten quantitative traits, the analysis was conducted for estimating several genetic parameters such as variability, heritability, and genetic advances, correlation among the different traits, direct and indirect effects on grain yield, and genetic divergence. Considering the per se performance at 5% level of significance, genotypes HL-18-WS-20-2, HL-18-WS-20-3 and HL-18-WS-20-10 outyielded the local check MTU-1010. Genotypes HL-18-WS-20-10, HL-18-WS-23-29 and HL-18-WS-39-24-8 were earlier than the best check variety MTU-1010 indicating that these three genotypes have the potential to be used for development of early maturity or short duration rice varieties. For all the traits, variance analysis revealed fairly substantial differences between genotypes. The discrepancies between the GCV and PCV for all the traits were found to be minimal, indicating that the environment had a minor impact on their expression. “Plant height, no. of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility, L/B ratio, test weight, and yield per plot” had high heritability and high to moderate genetic advance as percent of mean, implying that a simple selection scheme for these traits would be successful in achieving genetic improvement in the desired direction. “No. of tillers per plant, no. of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility, L/B ratio and test weight” showed strong and positive association with grain yield, as a result these characters may be given priority in the selection procedure for yield improvement. No. of tillers per plant showed a positive significant association with spikelet fertility and L/B ratio. The L/B ratio and test weight had significant positive correlation with spikelet fertility. The L/B ratio had a significant positive relationship with test weight. Plant height showed a significant negative correlation with the number of panicles per plant whereas number of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility, and L/B ratio all had a negative significant correlation with panicle length.” The path coefficient analysis was conducted to bifurcate the phenotypic correlation coefficient into measures of direct and indirect effect. The findings of phenotypic path coefficient study showed that the traits like no. of panicles per plant, spikelet fertility and test weight are major determinants of grain yield per plot as they showed high to moderate direct positive effect (0.447, 0.314 and 0.227) on grain yield per plot per se. Diversity study was carried out using Mahalanobis’s D2 analysis, and the clustering of genotypes was done using Rao’s Tocher method. All the fifteen genotypes were divided into six overlapping clusters. Cluster I had the maximum five genotypes followed by cluster having four genotypes. The traits “plant height, L/B ratio, test weight, days to maturity, and spikelet fertility” were the major contribution towards total diversity. The inter cluster distances were greater than the intra-cluster distances suggesting the genotypes grouped in different clusters were diverse than those included within same cluster. Cluster IV and VI had the maximum inter cluster distance indicating that the genotype in these clusters can be exploited for their heterotic potential.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIVERGENCE STUDY FOR TERMINAL HEAT STRESS IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticumaestivum L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) Uttej, Karla; CHOUDHARY, V.K.A research was performed out at the Wheat Breeding Section, DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during rabi 2020-21, to assess the genotypes of bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) for terminal heat stress under late sown conditions. Variability, genetic progress, correlation, path analysis,molecular characterization and diversity analysis were all investigated. 29 genotypes were cultivated in non-stressed (timely sown) and stressed conditions (late sown). Three replications of the experiment were set up in each environment using Randomized Block Design. Analysis of variance under both timely and late sown circumstances showed considerable variations amongst the genotypes for almost all the traits under study.The characters like Tillers per plant (TPP), Grains per spike (GPS), Grain yield per plant (GYP) exhibited high heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as percent of mean. GYP exhibited significant positive association, with TPP, GPS, Chlorophyll content (CC) and Thousand grain weight (TGW). However, it was negatively associated with Canopy temperature (CT) and Heat susceptibility index (HIS) under both conditions. GYP showed non-significant negative correlation with Days to fifty per cent flowering (DFF) under stress condition. CT revealed negative association with GYP, GPS, CHL and HI. However, it showed significant positive correlation with HSI. It indicated that elevated CT accompanied yield reduction under heat stress condition. The traits viz., TPP, HI and GPS have to be given importance in selection process for improvement in yield, since they had positive correlation with grain yield. GPS and HI had high direct effect towards grain yield and also all other characters contributed indirectly towards grain yield via these characters. 29 genotypes were grouped into nine and six clusters in timely and late sown conditions respectively. Under timely sown condition Maximum inter cluster distance was reported between cluster VIII and VI, followed by cluster VIII and III, cluster VIII. Whereas under late sown condition, Cluster VI and III reported maximum inter cluster distance, followed by cluster V and III, cluster IV and III. GYP devoted highest percentage towards the overall divergence followed by DFF, DM and TPP under timely sown condition. Maximum contribution towards the overall divergence was reported by GYP followed by CHL, DFF and TGW. This suggests that selecting genotypes for these characters might be beneficial for further use in breeding programmes in the corresponding environments. Genotype RAUW401 can be selected as suitable donor parent for characters like GPS, TGW and SL under timely sown conditions. RAUW419 can be used in breeding programmes for traits like SL, CHL, TGW, HI and least HSI in late sown conditions. A set of eleven Simple Sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for estimation of molecular diversity in the present material. These markers produced distinct and sharp scorable bands for all the genotypes. On the basis of molecular diversity all 29 genotypes have been categorized into 4 groups. Maximum genotypes were accommodated in group I and minimum in group II. High similarity coefficient was found between RAUW419 and Rajendra Ghehu3 followed by RAUW402 and RAUW404.ThesisItem Open Access Divergence study for siliqua and other agrophysiological traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] genotypes(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) suresh, Gurram; Pandey, AnilTraditional (HE) and quality (L/LL-CANOLA), 26 Indian mustard genotypes studied for 29 siliqua-related and other agro-physiological traits in RBD with three replications during Rabi 2020-21, under timely sown-irrigated condition at Research Farm, TCA, Dholi (RPCAU), Bihar. ANOVA revealed significant variability among studied test entries for all (3 flowering-maturity; 11 siliqua-related; 4 physiological, 6 morphological; two seed-oil and size along with yield per plant: main inflorescence, secondary siliqua and grain yield. High per se exhibited for maximum traits by RAURD-19-18 (a mutant of Rajendra Sufalam) > Rajendra Sufalam> DRMR-Q-5-2> PM-25, PM-27> PDZ-13 varying in 1 to 4 siliqua-related (HFS, SMI, SSP, TSP, SFG, SAMI & IF); flowering-maturity (SOF, DOFF and DPM); branching (PBP, TBP), physiological (LAI, LTR, LEC & CC) and quality (OC) traits; which lack in some among these traits. Eleven siliqua-related traits showing interdependence and complex relationship with high per se were found from single to maximum three; predominantly HFS, SSP, TSP in these genotypes while remaining in other traitspecific sources. High PCV, GCV, h2 bs and GAM indicating close correspondence of phenotype with its genotype along with high genetic advance under selection for TSP, SSP, TBP, IF, LPR_VBS, GYP, GYSS, LAI, MIYP, PBP, LTR and LEC. SOF and DPM with positive and SOF- DOFF negative while DOFF-DPM uncorrelated relieved optimization of DOFF assuring increased SOF and DPM. GYP positively correlated with GYSS, MIYP, TSP, SS, SSP, LTR, LMI, SMI, OC, SL and LPR_VS; while negatively with IF and SAMI. The main yield (GYP) determinants reflecting very high (GYSS), high (SSP) and medium (MIYP) positive direct effect; moreover, GYSS and SSP via sizeable indirect effects helped to build up other correlations with GYP. High negative direct effect of while positive association with GYP, TSP is a major concern for mustard improvement. Multivariate analysis grouped 26 genotypes into five clusters (Tocher) while regrouping of RH-OE-1711, LES-61, RGN-462 (I) and Maya (II) formed sixth clusters in K-mean clustering. Seven PCs accounted for >80 % cumulative variability in PCA [loading 12 traits & 8 genotypes (PC1); 5 & 7 (PC2); 5 & 7 (PC3); 3 & 7 (PC4); 1 & 5 (PC5); 1 & 6 (PC6); 1 & 7 traits and genotypes, respectively in PC7]. Genotypes developed at one geographical location were placed different clusters indication no parallelism. MIYP expressed maximum contribution towards divergence followed by GYSS, SSP, GYP, CC, TSP & IF. Three multivariate analyses (Tocher, K-mean & PCA) and per se basis Rajendra Sufalam, RAURD-19-18, NRCHB-101, HUJM-18-7 & AKMS-19-2 (all HE) and LES-61 & JC-33 (L/OE) for one to three siliqua-related, earliness, other components & yield (MIYP, GYSS & GYP). Rajendra Sufalam is already adopted in Bihar & RAURD-19-18 & NRCHB-101 with high yield superior yield determinants & divergent source reflect their merit for direct cultivation on farmer’s field. Twelve crosses involving most diverse parents in high & low erucic backgrounds RAURD-19-18 (HE) X HUJM-18-7 (HE), Rajendra Sufalam (HE) X AKMS-19-2 (HE), NRCHB-101 (HE) X JC-21 (LE), Rajendra Sufalam (HE) X Maya (HE); Rajendra Sufalam (HE) X LES-61 (LE), RAURD-19-18 (HE) X LES-61 (LE), NRCHB-101 (HE) X Kranti (HE), RAURD-19-1 (HE) X AKMS-19-2 (HE), RAURD-19-1 (HE) X NRCHB-101 (HE) and NRCHB-101 (HE) X DRMR-Q-5-2 (quality) suggested out of which four crosses Rajendra Sufalam crossed with AKMS- 19-2, Maya and LES-61 and RAURD-19-1 with AKMS-19-2 were found promising in Tocher, K-mean & PCA basis. Such crosses may be utilized in transgressive breeding for genetic enhancement under timely sown-irrigated conditions of Indian mustard new plant types.ThesisItem Open Access DIVERGENCE AND CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP IN KABULI CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) H N, DEEKSHITH GOWDA; MISHRA, S. B.The present research programme entitled “Divergence and Cause-Effect Relationship in Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes” was conducted with thirty Kabuli Chickpea genotypes collected from various places across the country at the research farm, TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during the Rabi season of 2020-21. The material was assessed using RBD (Randomized Block Design) with three replications. Fifteen traits were selected for the study viz., Plant height (cm), days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days to pod initiation, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of nodules per plant, nodule fresh weight (g), nodule dry weight (g), 100 seed weight (g), harvest index (%), relative water content (%), membrane stability index (%) and grain yield per plant (g). ANOVA exhibited significant Mean Sum of Square (MSS) values due to genotype for all traits, which is indicative of the presence of ample amount of variability in the Kabuli chickpea genotypes used for the study. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) values was slightly greater than the Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) values which was attributed to the meager effect of environment on the morphological appearance of the traits. In the study, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of nodules per plant, nodule fresh weight, nodule dry weight, 100 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield per plant, which indicated the preponderance of additive gene action. Therefore, response to early selection may be effective in improving these traits. Based on correlation and path analysis, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant having their positive direct effect suggesting that during selection these traits may be considered as a prime trait to improve yield of kabuli chickpea. Based on diversity using Tocher's method, the thirty genotypes were grouped into six different clusters. The inter-cluster distances were recorded higher than the intra-cluster distances further indicating a considerable amount of diversity in the genotypes involved. Highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster III and VI followed by cluster I and VI. Among all the characters studied, 100 seed weight contributed maximum to the diversity. Further, genotypes ICCV 191307 (cluster III) and ICCV 191326 (cluster VI) were selected as superior lines based on high inter cluster distance alongside mean performance for most of yield attributing traits suggesting that these genotypes may be used in crossing programme to obtain heterotic recombinants as well as transgressive segregants.
