MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES
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Date
2021
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DRPCAU, PUSA
Abstract
The present research programme entitled “Morphological and molecular characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes” was conducted with twenty-four wheat genotype collected from Department of PB&G in the research farm of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa during the Rabi season of 2020-21. The material was assessed using RBD (Randomized Block Design) in 3 replications. Ten traits were selected for present study viz., PH (cm), TPP, DFF, SL (cm), GPS, CHL, DM, TGW, HI and YP(g).
ANOVA exhibited significant mean sum of square (MSS) values due to genotype for all traits, which is an indicative of the presence of ample amount of variability in the wheat genotypes used for the study. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) values recorded were superior than the Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) values which was attributed for the impact of environment on the morphological appearance of the traits. In the study, high heritability alongside high genetic advance was observed for TPP.
The correlation analysis revealed that the trait YP was correlated positively and significantly with TPP. Path analysis revealed that beneficial positive direct effect on grain yield was reported by the traits like TPP, HI and TGW. While, significant negative direct effect was recorded for DFF.
Based on diversity using Tocher's method, the 24 genotypes were categorized into 7 clusters. Among all the characters studied, number of tillers per plant contributed maximum to the diversity followed by the YP, DFF and HI. The inter-cluster distances were recorded higher than the intra-cluster distances further indicating a considerable amount of diversity in the genotypes involved. Cluster-IV and VII had the greatest inter-cluster distance, while cluster-V and VII had the smallest inter-cluster distance. Cluster II showed highest value for intra-cluster distance and cluster III, IV, V, VI and VII were exhibited zero intra cluster distance.
10 SSR primers were used to evaluate the molecular diversity in the 24 bread wheat genotypes. All the 24 genotypes were classified into 4 groups based on molecular diversity. Group A accommodated maximum number of genotypes whereas, least number of genotypes was found in group D. High similarity coefficient was found between RAUW 725 and RAUW 509.