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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20223
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Subject: Family Resource Management × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DRUDGERY ASSESSMENT OF WORKERS IN MAKHANA PRODUCTION IN BIHAR
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) ANGELA, A.; Kala, Shishir
    Makhana, also known as foxnut or gorgon nut, is an aquatic plant endemic to South East Asia and China that belongs to the Ferox species of the Nymphaeaceae family. Its scientific name is Euryale ferox. Fortunately, the majority of its commercial cultivation is restricted to India, and even then, primarily to the northern regions of Bihar. Makhana is primarily produced in the districts of Madhubani, Dharbanga, Sitamarhi, Saharsa, Katihar, Purnea, Samastipur, Supaul, Kishanganj, and Araria. The Makhana seed is used to prepare a variety of sweets, including roasted and popped sweets. When makhana is grown for its vegetables, the fully formed, almost-matured fruits are harvested before they burst, and they are then sold as premium vegetables in the marketplaces. Young fruits and leaf petioles are consumed as salad in some areas of Manipur. It is regrettable to say that women's contributions to Makhana production in Bihar have not yet been emphasised. Even the seeds of matured fruits are used to prepare a variety of local cuisines. Research on women in Makhana production is frequently hampered by a lack of data because this field of study has been slower than others to acknowledge the significance of gender. To evaluate the socioeconomic, participation, drudgery, and musculoskeletal issues in Makhana production at the state or national level, very few studies have been undertaken. . In light of these factors, the current study was carried out in the wellknown Makhana-growing district of Madhubani, Bihar, in order to evaluate the socioeconomic profile, the participation of workers in various Makhana production system activities, drudgery, and musculoskeletal issues in Makhana production. The employees' tasks include making ponds, planting seeds, transplanting seedlings, harvesting, and collecting seeds from pond muck. Female responders and their husbands tend to focus on seedling transplantation and harvesting. Women are involved in the first roasting, second roasting, storing at room temperature, and packing of pop Makhana, according to the processing perspective, and a few of the female respondents also worked with their husbands on the Makhana production system. Age was found to be positively connected and significant with the laborious tasks required in cleaning the pond or field, transplanting, filling in gaps, weeding, applying pesticides, and harvesting using the correlation co-efficient and fisher t test. The results suggest that as respondents' ages rise, so does their level of pain. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) is used to assess respondents' musculoskeletal problems over the previous 12 months, including neck pain (67 percent), right wrist/hand pain (52 percent), and lower back pain (78 percent). Next, respondents' inability to perform routine tasks over the previous 12 months was assessed for in their neck (80 percent), shoulder (50 percent), elbow (43.4 percent), and lower back (80 percent) (73.3 percent). According to an ergonomic assessment of workers in the makhana processing industry, the average resting heart rate is 85.9 bpm, the working heart rate can reach 112.86 bpm, and the recovery heart rate is 104.36 bpm—a little less than the average working heart rate. The results showed that the cardiac costs associated with work and recovery was 134.83 bpm and 92.33 bpm, respectively. The sum of the cardiac costs associated with work and recovery, or 227.16 bpm, represents the entire cardiac cost of work. It is determined that the mean physiological cost of work is 22.71 bpm.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ROLE OF WOMEN FOR ENHANCING THE SHELF LIFE AND STORAGE MANAGEMENT OF MUSHROOM SPECIES
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) KUMARI, JYOTI; Kala, Shishir
    Mushroom cultivating before very long will be a productive venture to work on the financial states of ranch families and take care of business issues of both proficient and ignorant of rustic regions and semi-metropolitan, particularly ladies as it is ladies well-disposed calling. It guarantees a consistent pay for country families. The homestead ladies can take up this cultivating as a business venture mode through self-improvement gatherings and in close linkage with Krishi Vigyan Kondras, Research Organizations and State Agricultural Department. Ladies' association in bundling, reviewing, arranging and reaping was viewed as most noteworthy in mushroom cultivating. The mindfulness level in regards to assortments of mushroom for the most part developed in the space was most noteworthy and ladies’ ranchers felt the need of preparing for post-collect administration and promoting was of most extreme need. The mushroom development has an extraordinary potential for strengthening of homestead ladies and upgrade the pay of their family as well as helps in supporting country economy as well as country's economy by sending out to nations having interest for mushroom. The popularity for mushroom in global market can support and lift the feeling of confidence for ladies to take up mushroom as an essential yield for development. The fortune of ladies’ ranchers will positively be switched by taking around this undertaking. The research was directed in Samastipur District of Bihar state. Samastipur is one of the 38 Districts of Bihar in India. The District likewise gloats of a Central Agricultural University in Pusa, notable as Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. From each chose town (Morsand, Thahra Gopalpur, Motipur and Kothia) 15 respondents were chosen by snowball procedure and additional data were assembled with the assistance of individual meeting plan. The fundamental reason for this examination is to assess the ladies mushroom cultivator's maintainability and its effect on their work. Keeping in view the goal of the research related data was assembled relating to financial profile, association of ladies’ mushroom cultivators, information, demeanor and the executive’s practices of ladies’ mushroom producers and important imperatives for their mushroom development. For obtain consequences of the review information were broke down by applying appropriate recipe and factual technique for example rate, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of relationship was applied for getting precision of the outcomes. To examine the factors affecting physical properties of Mushroom, after analysing the data, we found that 37% of female respondent have High knowledge of factors those are affecting physical properties of mushrooms. Around 53% of female respondents have average too high knowledge of physical properties affected of mushroom and 10% of female respondent they have low to average knowledge of factors affecting physical properties of mushroom. After analysis the data we found out that the mean value of all the respondents individual score is equal to 34.58 and median is cool is 34 mood is 33 and the standard deviation is deviated between 3.21. The mean score of respondents 34.58 completely demonstrate that female respondents have average too high knowledge of factors affecting physical properties of mushroom which is a good sign of knowledge. To understand the knowledge and attitude of women mushroom growers regarding storage management, after analysis of data we found that around 52% female respondent have a high knowledge of storage and management of mushrooms which is a plus sign be called in a small place like Pusa and Tajpur this is like very knowledge. 35% of female respondents have moderate knowledge of stories and management of mushroom. 8% of females didn't have very little knowledge about storage and management of mushroom, mean value of female respondent attitude of growing regarding a storage and management is 30.5 it meaning that majority of the female respondent have a high knowledge about the storage management. Mode value is 36, median value is 31 and a standard deviation is 4.26. Knowledge of respondents constrains perceived by mushroom growers regarding mushroom storage management. After analysis of data we found that 46 of respondents have High Knowledge Constraints perceived by Mushroom, 12 respondents have moderate Knowledge Constraints perceived by Mushroom and only 2 respondents have Low Knowledge Constraints perceived by Mushroom. When we see these data in percentage then got that 77% respondents have High Knowledge Constraints perceived by Mushroom, 20% respondents have moderate Knowledge Constrain perceived by Mushroom and 3% respondents have Low Knowledge Constraints perceived by Mushroom.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF WOMEN INVOLVED IN MITHILA PAINTING, MADHUBANI, BIHAR
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) AYUSHI; Kala, Shishir
    The Mithila painting is one of the living creative activities of the women of this region. It is a famous folk painting on paper, cloth, readymade garments, movable objects etc., mainly by the village women of Mithila. Originally it is a folk art, practiced by the women of all castes and communities, including the Muslims, on walls and floors using the natural and vegetable colors. Later some people took interest in it and motivated the women to translate their art from walls and floors to the canvas and now the new form has given this a very distinct identity in the art world as well as in the market. The present research was carried out in the Bihar district of Madhubani. Bihar Among the 38 districts of Bihar Madhubani is situated in the Indian state of Bihar. For the field survey, a sample of 60 respondents from Madhubani district of Bihar's Mithila region and is also known as Mithila painting or Madhubani art who have been working for 4-6 hours daily were selected. The main purpose of the study was to know about their Socio-economic profile, demographic profile, specific information regarding occupational management, occupational health hazard musculoskeletal problems, severity of pain. The study revealed that majority of the respondents 40.00 per cent were belonged to the age group of 20-30 years. It was observed that majority of the respondents (70.00%) were married. It was noted from the study more than 60.00 per cent had farming as their main family occupation. From the investigation, it was revealed that 100 per cent of the respondents were Hindu. It indicated that majority of the respondents (41.67 %) were under SC category. From the study, it was clear that 78.33 per cent respondents were belonged to nuclear family. It was observed that 65.00 per cent were fall under middle size family. It was found that majority of the respondents (50.00 %) were graduate. It was revealed that 66.67 per cent of respondents earned up to Rs. 20,000. It was noted that 43.33 percent of the respondents were from the family whose income is between 40,000-60,000 annually. BMI the majority of them (73.33%) had a BMI within the normal range. From the investigation, it was clear that majority of the respondents (81.67%) were fall in medium category of specific information. It was observed that 65.00 percent respondents were fall in medium category of specific information regarding occupational management. It was perceived 51.67per cent of the respondents were belonged to medium category of occupational health hazard. It was revealed that 56.66 percent respondents were faced musculoskeletal discomfort during Mithila painting. It was found that majority of the respondents (61.67%) were faced severity of pain during Mithila painting. The study analyzed that age was positively and significantly correlated with the musculoskeletal discomfort and severity of pain at 5 percent level of significant, which means age have a strong relationship with the musculoskeletal problems and severity of pain.