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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20221
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Subject: Agricultural Economics × Author: KUMARI, JYOTI × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    production dynamics of food grains in Bihar under temporal framework
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) KUMARI, JYOTI; ROY, ANIRUDDHA
    Using secondary data from 1991–1992 to 2020–2021 and a variety of statistical methodologies, the study calculated the growth rate, instability index, and decomposition analysis of area, production, and yield of foodgrains in Bihar and India. Area under foodgrains was showing negative growth rate in every decade. Production was showing increasing growth rate in first and third decade but in second decade production of foodgrain was showing negative growth rate. Yield of foodgrains was showing positive growth rate in every decade which was the main source of growth in production. Cereals were following the similar trend as of foodgrains. For pulses scenario was somewhat different. Pulse area as well as production was showing negative growth rate in every decade but its yield was showing positive growth rate in first two decade and negative growth rate in last decade. In cereals, area of rice was showing negative growth rate in all the decade but production and yield was showing positive growth rate in first and third decade and negative growth rate in second decade. Area under maize was showing negative growth rate in every decade except in second decade where it was found positive growth rate. Production of maize was showing positive growth rate in all the decades though its yield was also showing positive growth rate in first and third decade and negative growth rate in second decade. Highest instability in area of foodgrains was observed in first decade but production and yield of foodgrains was showing highest instability in second decade. Production of food crops was showing highest instability during the overall study period. Yield effects of crops were contributing more than area effect in increasing foodgrains production. Net cropped area and gross cropped area in Bihar was following decreasing trend due to a decrease in cultivable area. Due to more intensive cultivation, the cropping intensity in Bihar has increased from 138% in2001-02 to 143% in 2018-19.From 2001–2002 to 2018–19, the yield of every crop under investigation increased. The area, production, and yield of foodgrains were predicted using the ARIMA model. The autoregressive (p) and moving average (q) parameters were identified based on significant spike in plot of (PACF) and (ACF) of various time series model. Forecasting was attempted for the years up to 2025–2026. ARIMA (2,1,1) was found the best fit model for area, production and yield of total foodgrains and cereals. This model had forecasted that area under foodgrain production would decrease in coming years but production and yield would increase. Similar pattern was observed in cereals also. For forecasting the area of pulses ARIMA (1,1,1) was found the best fit model. It was found that in the upcoming years, the area under pulses will diminish. Same ARIMA (1,1,1) was used for forecasting the production of pulses but it had revealed that pulses production would increase for a year and after that it would further decrease. For yield of pulses ARIMA (1,0,1) was found the suitable model and it had forecasted that yield of pulses would decrease in coming years. In light of the study's findings, It has been suggested that more effective production methods be used, fallow land be used for the production of pulses, short-duration varieties may be encouraged, and focused efforts from various line departments be made in order to ensure that Bihar is both food and nutritionally secure.