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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR PLANT HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCINCES BANGALORE, 2024-01-04) RAJU H S; ASHA N NThe Rhizobium associated with cowpea nodules were isolated, characterized and screened for plant growth promotional activity. The elite isolate was identified as Rhizobium nepotum OR574343. The bioinoculan ts viz., Bacillus subtilis, Frateuria aurantia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum were also used in the study to develop microbial consortium. In vitro screening of bioinoculants was carried out by dual culture method against the cowpea fusarium wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). The per cent growth inhibition by B. subtilis (48.15 %), P. fluorescens (61.11 %), and T. harzianum (76.30 %) was recorded. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, GKVK, with thirteen treatments replicated thrice consisting of various NPK levels (50, 75, and 100 percent RDF), microbial consortium and F. oxysporum. The microbial application (seed treatment and soil application). The treatments with 100% RDF + Microbial consortium (Seed treatment + soil application) + Fusarium oxysporum (T7) and 75% RDF + MC (ST+SA) + Fusarium oxysporum (T10) recorded higher disease reduction of 90.91% and 86.36% respectively. The same treatments recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (164.33 and 162.67 cm), number of branches per plant (24.33 and 25.67 branches) and pod yield (99.33 and 107.00 g/plant) respectively and also recorded higher soil macronutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake at harvest. The application of the microbial consortium improved crop growth and yield by controlling the fusarium wilt disease.ThesisItem Open Access Agriculture Minister Focused on Drought-Hit Crops During Raichur District Tour Deccan Chronicle.| Gururaj A Paniyadi Published on: November 7, 2023 | Updated on: November 7, 2023 Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday.(Image: DC) Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday.(Image: DC) Raichur: Agriculture Minister N Chaluvaraya Swamy, during his tour of Raichur district, prioritized a visit to the drought-stricken cotton and tur crop areas across various hoblis of Raichur taluk on Monday. Accompanied by officials, the minister examined the drought-affected cotton crops. At the farm of Narasimhulu, he personally engaged with the farmers, attentively listening to their grievances. Minister Chaluvaraya Swamy stressed the importance of farmers securing crop insurance annually, in addition to anticipating government assistance. Responding to the plea from farmers for concessions on BT cotton seeds, similar to those provided for other crops, the minister assured that a decision would be reached after consultations with departmental officials. In his address at the inauguration of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineers held at the Raichur Agricultural University auditorium the Minister stressed the pivotal role played by agricultural institutions, universities, and research centers in guiding farmers towards adopting technology that facilitates efficient and cost-effective cultivation in an era of evolving environmental conditions. Advertisement The minister highlighted the evolving nature of the environment, with soil quality deteriorating and farmers grappling with challenges. He emphasized the need for agricultural colleges and universities across the state to proactively engage with farmers, asserting that they play a crucial role in this process. Minister Chaluvaraya Swamy also emphasized the potential of educational institutions specializing in agriculture in advancing the nation's agricultural sector.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-12) SAHANA. M.; M. L. REVANNAMillets are small seeded grains, taxonomically belonging to family Poaceae, considered as crop of food security because of the sustainability in adverse agro climatic conditions.Millets are good source of energy, dietary fiber, gluten free, slowly digestible starch and thus provide sustained release of glucose and thereby satiety. Plastic is a great threat to the entire ecosystem so, there is a considerable need to replace plastic cutlery with better alternatives like edible cutlery as it is generally recognized as EBO (eco-friendly, biodegradable and organic). Millet based edible cutleries will ‟create a market force” for the local farmers by bringing back demand for millets. On the other hand, consumable containers cum ready to eat food are becoming a hot trend globally. Therefore, the study entitled “Formulation and evaluation of millet based edible cutleries” was conducted with the objectives to develop and analyse the physico-chemical, functional and storage stability of developed edible cutleries with functional ingredients for best accepted standardized products in the proportion of refined wheat flour(40g), white finger millet flour(40g), little millet flour(40g), foxtail millet flour(40g), whole wheat flour(20g), sugar(12g), margarine(2g), corn starch(2.5g), xanthan gum(2g), milk powder(4.5g), sorghum flour(15g), salt(0.5g) and vanilla essence(0.5g). Sensory acceptability of developed cutleries was in the range of moderately to like extremely on a nine-point hedonic scale. The standardized millet based edible cutleries were found to be nutritionally superior in terms of fiber, protein, carbohydrates, energy, calcium and iron. Significant differences were observed in sensory scores, moisture, free fatty acid of millet based edible cutleries stored in Metallized polyester polyethylene compared to that stored in Aluminium silver foil packaging materials. Changes in microbial counts were within permissible limits in samples stored in both packaging materials. The developed millet based edible cutleries were nutritious with good storage stability.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CALLUS INDUCTION POTENTIAL IN LOCAL PADDY VARIETIES Oryza sativa L. indica(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) TATHAGATA CHANDA; Bhavani, P.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop globally and is studied extensively. Indica rice is reported to be recalcitrant for in vitro culture techniques which make it difficult for genetic transformations and molecular studies. The present study is to establish in vitro protocol for indica rice. Surface sterilisation of seeds was done with different sterilizing agents, 0.05% HgCl2 for 1 min was best. MS salts with different combinations of growth hormones, carbon sources were used. Azucena (Japonica) performed best in media containing sucrose and 2,4- D whereas IR64 (Indica) in media containing maltose and a combination of 2,4-D and kinetin. Varietal variations were observed in callus induction and callus growth. IR-30864 showed initiation in 7 days whereas CTH-1 took 15 days. Among 20 varieties, four varieties that performed better are KMP-220, KCP-1, CTH- 3, Paustic-1. The incubation conditions had an impact on callus induction percentage and days to callus induction. Paustic-1 showed the most change in callus induction percentage and days to callus induction doubled in IR- 30864. Bacterial contamination showed no sign of reduction even when seeds were treated for 1 min with streptomycin sulphate before inoculation. CTH-3 showed the highest contamination. Morphogenetic media containing different concentrations of BAP/Kinetin and NAA was used for evaluation. In media containing NAA (0.5mg/l) and BAP (2.5mg/l) KMP- 220, IR-30864, KCP-1, CTH-3, Rathna chudi showed root growth. In all other combinations callus browning and ultimately blackening were observed. A highly efficient and widely used tissue culture system for indica rice will accelerate the application of gene editing and transformation technology in breeding programs.ThesisItem Embargo STUDY OF SEQUENCE PATTERN OF MAJOR GENES OF STEROL PATHWAY AND SYNTHESIS OF STEROLS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS IN PADDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) VASANI FORAM PARESH; Bhavani, P.Rice is a major crop used by two-thirds of the population over the world as a staple food. Drought stress is the most important constraint in rice production. Plant sterols, generally known as phytosterols, are integral components of the membrane lipid bilayer. Their levels are high in plants when exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. The levels of two major phytosterols, campesterol and stigmasterol were analysed to check for their association with different levels of drought stress. Seeds were sterilized and grown in Hoagland media for 10 days. Thereafter, drought was induced with solution of PEG-8000 in varying concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) for 10 days. The total sterols were then extracted in hexane and analysed using RP-HPLC where the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection was done at 210 nm. Phytosterol concentration was observed to have increased in all the genotypes as the level of PEG treatment increased. The genotype VARY MALADY showed the highest concentration of campesterol whereas UPRH 31 showed the highest level of stigmasterol among the seven genotypes analyzed. It was observed that phytosterol levels are high in plants exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. There is evidence that an increase in Steryl Ester (SE) level during aging and senescence is a mechanism for recycling of the membrane lipid sterols, a similar mechanism may be at work during stress conditions which is also associated with catabolism of membrane lipids.ThesisItem Embargo COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF SELECTED ACARICIDES TO RED SPIDER MITE, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) INFESTING AMARANTHUS AND ASSOCIATED PREDATORY MITE, Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-12) NITESH K C; N. SrinivasaDosage-mortality response to ascertain relative toxicity of selected acaricides to red spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus revealed that abamectin with the lowest LC50 value of 0.25ppm was most toxic among the acaricides bio-assayed. Followed by fenpyroximate, bifenthrin, spiromesifen, chlorfenapyr, fenazaquin, diafenthiuron and propargite with the corresponding LC50 values of 2.69, 4.89, 9.57, 11.60, 25.25, 39.91 and 144ppm. Comparative toxicity study indicated the adverse effect of intended acaricides targeting T. truncatus on the phytoseiid predatory mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus. 31 to 33% mortality of N. longispinosus was noticed when the predators were exposed to abamectin, fenpyroximate, propargite and spiromesifen at their respective median lethal concentration values determined for T. truncatus. ≈ or bifenthrin and diafenthiuron. Fenazaquin was found most toxic, causing 60% mortality of predators, while the logical mortality of targeted red spider mite, T. truncatus was only 45%. The egg-laying behaviour of N. longispinosus was not much affected due to acaricide exposure and mean number of eggs laid by exposed/survived predators ranged from 3.34 to 5.73 eggs/female. The residual toxicity determined by the methods of LT50 values and persistent toxicity values was comparable, which ranged from 4 to 12 days. The overall descending order of field residual toxicity of different acaricides to red spider mite, T. truncatus on amaranth was abamectin > bifenthrin > chlorfenapyr > diafenthiuron > propargite. The residual toxicity of fenazaquin, fenpyroximate and spiromesifen could not be ascertained owing to their non-significant mortality beyond 1-2 days.ThesisItem Embargo BROWNTOP MILLET BASED VALUE ADDED READY-TOEAT\ READY-TO-COOK FOOD PRODUCTS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-11) JAVVAJI HEMALATHA; K. V. JAMUNAThe present study was undertaken to assess browntop millet and development ready to eat / ready to cook value added products. Browntop millet grains were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties and processing methods like germination and popping. The 1000 grain weight, length, breadth, bulk density, true density and porosity values of browntop millet rice were found to be 2.40 g,1.94 mm,1.35 mm,0.83 g\ml,1.36 g\ml and 39.12 per cent, respectively. The values for the protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, carbohydrate and energy were found to be 15.75 g, 1.3 g, 3.47 g, 0.45 g, 72.27 g and 363 Kcal, respectively. The study showed that per 100 g of Browntop millet rice the calcium, phosphorus, Iron, zinc, copper and manganese values were 32.10 mg, 295 mg, 8.25 mg, 1.9 mg,1.42 mg and 1.88 mg, respectively. Germination Percentage of browntop millet was 96 per cent with germination time and grain soaking time of 24 hours. Popping percentage was found to 18.6 per cent. Ready to eat and ready to cook products such as energy bar, pasta, vermicelli upma mix and kesari bath mix were developed and best accepted in sensory evaluation from 20 per cent to 75 per cent incorporation of browntop millet. The products were stored at room temperature and evaluated for storage quality parameters like moisture content, peroxide value, microbial load. Energy bar was safe up to 30 days. Vermicelli upma mix, pasta and kesari bath mix were safe up to 45 days, 60 days and 90 days, respectively.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF SUCKING PEST COMPLEX IN TOMATO, Solanum lycopersicum L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-09) PRATHEEK, G. N.; Mohan I. NaikThe study was conducted on the sucking pest complex of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (L.) and their management using novel insecticides at Hadonahalli village, Doddaballapur taluk, Bengaluru rural district during 2021-22. The sucking pests such as whitefly, thrips, aphids, leafhopper and mites were recorded from the vegetative stage of the crop during the research period. The whitefly, thrips and mites incidence started at two weeks after transplanting of the crop. The peak incidence of both whitefly and thrips was attained during 16th SMW (7.29 /6 leaves and 15.97 /3 shoots, respectively). Meanwhile, the peak population of mites were recorded at 17th SMW (26.91 /6 leaves). Natural enemies like zoophytophagous mirid bug and coccinellid beetle were present throughout the crop period. Correlation studies indicated that, whitefly, thrips and mites showed a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Among the various insecticides evaluated against sucking pests, fidopyropen 50 DC (2ml/lit), Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (1.25ml/lit) and Diafenthiuron 50 WP (1.25g/lit) found effective against whiteflies. Whereas, Spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.9ml/lit), Afidopyropen 50 DC (2ml/lit) and Diafenthiuron 50 WP (1.25g/lit) were effective for successful management of thrips. The highest toxic pesticide against mites were Diafenthiuron 50 WP (1.25g/lit), followed by Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (1.25ml/lit) and Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (0.5ml/lit). The highest fruit yield was registered from the plot treated with Afidopyropen 50 DC (44.32 t/ha) with C:B of 1:2.14, followed by Diafenthiuron 50 WP (43 t/ha) with C:B of 1:2.08 and Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (41.85 t/ha) with C:B of 1:1.99.ThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS FROM SALT AFFECTED SOILS OF CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-11) SUSHMA, N. N.; ASHA, N. N.The halophilic microorganisms were isolated from salt affected soils of Mandya, Maddur and Chamarajanagar under Cauvery command area and characterized for salt tolerance and its growth promotion. Out of 65 isolates, four isolates namely, MDY 1A, MDR 4B, CRN 2A and CRN 5B recorded higher ACC deaminase activity, proline accumulation (4.85, 4.78, 4.38 and 4.56 μg mL-1), production of exopolysaccharide (19.77, 19.15, 18.92 and 18.63 mg mL-1), siderophore ( 4.13, 4.87, 4.09, 3.82 μg mL-1), gibberellic acid (17.52, 15.12, 20.27 and 21.47 mg mL-1), abscisic acid (4.65, 3.31, 4.55 and 3.37 mg mL-1) and salicylic acid (3.94, 3.39, 3.49 and 3.49 mg mL-1) along with solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc. These four isolates were subjected for molecular characterization and were identified as Halobacillus massiliensis, Staphylococcus edaphicus, Virgibacillus halophilus and Halobacillus dabanensis respectively. Further, these bacterial isolates were evaluated for growth and yield parameters in cowpea plants under greenhouse condition using salt affected soil. From this study, the treatment T13: ( T2 + Halobacillus massiliensis + Staphylococcus edaphicus + Virgibacillus halophilus + Halobacillus dabanensis) significantly improved plant height (192.68 cm), root length (28.89 cm), shoot biomass (84.79 g), root biomass (33.22g) and seed yield (77.29g) of cowpea at harvest compared to control under salt stress condition and imparted salt tolerance in cowpea.ThesisItem Embargo DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPORTANT VIRUSES INFECTING BANANA IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) MOHAMMAD IMRAN KUMASAGI; NAGESHA, NBanana is one of the most popular and widely consumed fruits in the world. Banana is affected by many viral diseases. In the present investigation, detection and characterization of important viruses infecting banana in Southern Karnataka was carried out. The roving survey found that banana bunch top virus (BBTV) and banana streak virus (BSV) infection on banana in Chikkaballapura and Bengaluru rural districts. Under field conditions, infected banana plants exhibited typical symptoms of BBTV and BSV. The presence of these two viruses was confirmed by PCR, and multiplex PCR. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that nanovirus isolates (BBTV Bengaluru and BBTV Chikkaballapura) isolated from banana belonged to the Pacific Indian Ocean group. BSV isolate (Chickaballapura) isolated from banana in the present study was considered as a new variant of BSV. There is recombination in the genome DNA-1 of BBTV but no recombination in BSV. The molecular docking analysis for coat protein of four banana viruses (BBTV, BSV, Banana bract mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus) revealed that the terpenoids (Cucurbitacin-A, cucurbitacin-B, Musabalbisiane B, Musabalbisiane C, Musabalbisiane A), flavonoids (Vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, orientin, Isoscoparin, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, apigenin-7-0-glucoside, kaemferol-3-0-rhamnoside) and antioxidants (Cucumerin-A and cucumerin-B) from phytochemicals and antiviral agents (Luotonin-A, streptindole, carrageenan, tylophorinine, antofine, ribavirin, peonidin, swertianolin) and Phytoalexins (Musanolone E, Musanolone F) were shown good binding affinities against coat protein of four banana viruses, which indicates the antiviral potentiality of phytochemicals and antiviral agents
