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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA LEAF BLIGHT AND FRUIT ROT IN SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(2022-12-27) SANDEEP KUMAR G. M.; S. SRIRAMEpidemiology and management aspects of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici L.), an emerging disease of sweet pepper in India were investigated. Rainfall and relative humidity were identified as the significant parameters triggering the epidemic. The pathogen had fitness in temperature range of 10-34 °C, with optimum being 22 °C-28 °C. Relative humidity above 80% was conducive for leaf blight and fruit rot development. Soil moisture above 75% water holding capacity and saturation for 24 h aggravated root rot development. The pathogen can survive for 90 days in soil. Slender amaranth, black nightshade and spurge weeds were found as alternative hosts while cereals were non-hosts. Solanaceous, cucurbitaceous and leguminous vegetables varied in susceptibility. Based on CLIMEX simulation, Western Ghats and adjoining plains in Karnataka and Kerala, Western and Eastern Himalayan regions, hills in Orissa and Andaman and Nicobar islands were found highly favourable for P. capsici establishment under current and climate change (+2 °C) scenario. Integrated management schedule was developed with interventions viz., i) Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Th-2 + Bacillus subtilis BS-2 at 10g/kg seed ii) Application of neem cake and farmyard manure enriched with bioagents to planting bed @1kg/100 kg iii) Raised bed planting (90-100 cm wide and 15-22 cm height) with silver-black reflective mulch film (30-100 μ) iv) Irrigation regulation and soil drainage management v) Weeding and sanitation vi) Protective foliar sprays of chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L) or mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) in rotation at 15 day interval up to 40th standard meteorological week under Bengaluru conditions. Also, need based curative sprays and drenching with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L), in rotation with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) were found effective. Highest B: C ratio ofThesisItem Embargo AN ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND YIELD GAP OF POMEGRANATE PRODUCTION IN TUMKUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-27) GOWTHAMI. V.; VINAY KUMAR. RThe present investigation was conducted to assess the knowledge level, technological and yield gap by 120 randomly selected pomegranate growers from Sira and Pavagada taluks of Tumkur district. Results revealed that 38.83 per cent of Sira pomegranate growers and 48.33 per cent of Pavagada pomegranate growers belonged to medium knowledge level. Further, 35.00 per cent and 40.83 per cent of Sira and Pavagada pomegranate growers had medium technological gap, respectively. In Sira and Pavagada taluks 33.33 per cent and 43.33 per cent of pomegranate growers belonged to medium and high yield gap category, respectively. Pooled data indicated that 43.33 per cent, 40.83 per cent and 36.67 per cent of pomegranate growers had medium knowledge level, medium technological gap and medium yield gap, respectively. The data subjected to ‘Z’ test indicated that there was a significant difference in the yield gap of Sira and Pavagada farmers. Knowledge level, Technological and Yield gap were non-significantly associated with age, family size and significantly associated with education, farming experience, achievement motivation, risk orientation, innovative proneness, scientific orientation, management orientation, cosmopoliteness, economic motivation and social participation at five per cent level of significance, while annual income, land holding, area under pomegranate, extension contact, extension participation at one per cent level of significance. Major constraints expressed by pomegranate growers were poor knowledge in pest and disease management, lack of availability of quality seedlings, lack of knowledge on postharvest practices and lack of storage facilities.ThesisItem Open Access GENDER PARTICIPAITON AND DECISION MAKING IN SERICULTURE: A STUDY IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA STATE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-08) SHIVANANDAGOWDA G.R.; Lakshminarayan. M.T.The present study was undertaken in Kanakapura and Channapatana taluks of Ramanagara district in Karnataka state to analyze the gender participation and decision making pattern in sericulture technologies. Sixty farm men and 60 farm women formed the sample of the research study. The results revealed that farm men (63.34%) were belonging to high decision category, while 20.00 and 16.66 per cent of a majority of farm men were belonging to medium and low decision category of sericulture technologies, respectively. In respect of women, a majority were belonging tolow decision category (60.00%) followed by 26.66 and 13.34 per cent of farm women belonging to medium and high decision category, respectively. Forty-five per cent of farm men were having high level of participation in sericulture activities, while 30.00 per cent and one-fourth (25.00%) of farm men were having medium and low level of participation. More than one-thirdof farm women(35.00%) were having medium level of participation followed by one-third (33.34%) and 31.66 per cent of farm women werehaving high and low level of participation in sericulture activities. Further, the results revealed that age, education, experience in sericulture, innovativeness, achievement motivation, management orientation, risk orientation, attitude towards sericulture, farming commitment, economic motivation, training in sericulture, extension agency contact, extension participation, mass media exposure, and farm scientist contact of both farm men and women had significant association with their decision making and participation level.ThesisItem Open Access A STATISTICAL STUDY OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-19) MEGHA, E; KRISHNAMURTHY, K NA field experiment on long term fertilizers under finger millet-maize cropping sequence has been in progress since 1986 at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. These experiments provide an insight for scientific investigation of structural relationship that governs the variability of specified crop over a period of time. The experimental data on grain yield of maize and various soil characteristics for a period of 32 years was procured to study the performance of maize yield under different fertilizer treatments over a period of time. Profile analysis has been performed and results indicate that all the treatments differ significantly i.e., there is significant interaction between year and treatments. Available nutrients in soil such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur zinc, manganese, iron as well as organic carbon were having significant effect. Only copper showed non-significant correlation with yield. Path coefficient analysis was used to study direct/indirect effect of soil parameters with yield. Balanced (NPK) nutrients were having better association (low residual effect) with yield. Higher residual effect was noticed with higher dose of balanced nutrition (150% NPK) and also with imbalanced nutrition (-K, -PK) indicating poor association. The analysis of beta-convergence showed evidence of statistical convergence in yield of different treatments.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON WEED DYNAMICS IN HYBRID MAIZE UNDER LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT (Zea mays. L)(2022-12-18) RAGHUVEER, M.; MURALI, K.A field experiment was conducted to study the weed dynamics in hybrid maize under long term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) during Rabi 2021 at All India Coordinated Research Project on LTFE, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. The experiment was carried out in Randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments of different doses of fertilizer along with FYM (10 t ha-1) and lime (500 kg ha-1). It was observed that among the grasses, Eleusine indica and Sorghum halapense were the most predominant weeds in the experimental field, whereas Commelina benghalensis, Alternantara spp., Oxalis latifolia and Ageratum conyzoides were most predominant broad leaved weeds. Oxalis latifolia was found only in the treatment receiving farm yard manure. Cyperus rotundus was the only species found in the experimental plot among sedges and it was found in lower doses of fertilizer application i.e., 50% NPK and control. Significant variation in weed density and biomass was recorded in different fertilizer treatment. Among different treatments, 100% NP recorded significantly higher weed density of 91.00 m-2 and 100% NPK + FYM + lime recorded significantly higher weed dry weight of 32.06 g m-2. Significantly lower weed density (40.67 m-2) and weed dry weight (8.92 g m-2) was recorded in control treatment (no fertilizers application). Application of 100% NPK + FYM + lime recorded significantly higher grain yield (6468 kg ha-1), straw yield (15126 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 88,066 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.88).ThesisItem Embargo RELEVANCE OF STARCH HYDROLYSIS AS AFFECTED BY 1-DNJ, AN ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR IN SEEDS AND MESOPHYLL TISSUES OF MULBERRY(2022-12-18) ABHISHEK HIREWODEYAR; SAVITHA MADAPPAMulberry is often used as medicine in Chinese and Indian cultures, as it is known to contain many bioactive compounds. One such unique metabolite is 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1- DNJ), an iminosugar analogue to D-Glucose, making it a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor. This property has led 1-DNJ to be used in therapeutics and has been studied in mammalian systems. Present research outlines the investigation of 1-DNJ and its role in plant species. 1-DNJ being a known competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, its role in starch hydrolysis during seed germination and leaf starch hydrolysis at night time is hypothesized. This study reveals that the seed germination and seedling vigour of mulberry, rice and wheat seeds are affected in the presence of 1-DNJ with highest inhibitions of germination noticed in mulberry seeds and least inhibition in paddy seeds. However, starch hydrolysis at night in leaf is not affected, as 1-DNJ levels in leaf extract of mulberry are diurnally regulated. Studies on starch content and maltase enzyme (target of 1-DNJ) activity highlights that the starch content in DNJ or SA treated leaf gets reduced and maltase enzyme activity to be increased during night time similar to untreated control. Further, metabolites such as glucose, fructose and sucrose are increased in night in DNJ or SA treated leaves as in untreated leaves, in line with starch hydrolysis. Thus, the diurnal regulation of 1-DNJ content and its role in starch metabolism in mulberry is being reported for the first time. The similar study in contrasting genotypes would strengthen the present findings.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AT MAHATMA GANDHI BOTANICAL GARDEN, GKVK, BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-11-06) PRAVEEN KUMAR, M B; KRISHNAMURTHY, RThe study was conducted to assess the ecosystem services at Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK, Bangalore. The present research relvealed that the garden contains 2140 trees belonging to 186 tree species, which are having girth at breast height 30 cm. The tree diversity was found to be highest in block-1 and lowest in block-2, where the number of tree species were found to be 83 and 34 respectively. Millettia pinnata, Azadirachta indica and Albizia lebbeck are the three major tree species, comprises around 27.73 percentage of the total tree population. Sixty-eight per cent of trees in botanical garden falls under the girth classes 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm and sixty-one point five per cent of tree fall under height classes 6-9 m, 9-12 m and 12-15 m. The aboveground biomass and belowground biomass was recorded highest in Albizia lebbeck. Total carbon stock was recorded highest in exotic tree species than native tree species. Carbon sequestration was found to be highest in trees belonging to Fabaceae family. Organic carbon and soil available nutrient content decreased with increase in the depth, and enzyme activity and microbial count was found to be higher in the surface soil. Total monetary value of nutrient in botanical garden was Rs. 330901.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING SOURCE AND METHOD OF PLANTING ON CROP GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-06) KAVYASHREE, K R; SIDDARAJU, RA field experiment was conducted at NSP, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2019 to study the influence of seedling source and method of planting on crop growth, seed yield and quality in finger millet. Experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations comprising of two seedling sources and six levels of planting geometry laid out in factorial RCBD design with three replications. Among different treatment combinations, protray seedlings transplanted at 30 x 10 cm recorded maximum plant height at 60 DAP and at harvest (100.33 and 103.80 cm, respectively) and guni method of planting at 90 x 90 cm recorded maximum number of tillers hill-1 (24.20), number of ear heads hill-1 (35.53) and ear head weight plant-1 (167.93 g). Seed yield parameters viz., seed yield plant-1(90.67g) was recorded highest in guni method of planting at 60 x 60 cm with nursery bed seedlings, whereas protray transplanted seedlings at 30 x 10 cm recorded maximum seed yield plot-1 (8.76 kg) and seed yield hectare-1 (45.14 q). Seed quality parameters was recorded maximum in guni method of planting at 60 x 60 cm with nursery bed seedlings like seed germination, SVI-I and SVI-II (96.67%, 1299 and 206, respectively). Higher net returns (Rs.1,18,564) and B:C ratio (4.38) was recorded under protray seedlings transplanted at 30 x 10 cm owing to its higher seed yield and straw yield when compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE BEAN (Vigna umbellata L.) ACCESSIONS FOR BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS(2022-04-11) PREETHI B. M.; Dr. B.T. KRISHNAPRASADThe survey conducted during 2019-20 in six districts of Southern Karnataka to assess the incidence of mosaic disease of cowpea, revealed the occurrence of disease in the range of 18.66 to 50 percent. Highest disease incidence was recorded in Bengaluru urban (50percent) and least disease incidence in Chikkabalapura district (18.66 percent). Infected cowpea was used as a source of Bean Common Mosaic Virus. The virus was infected to rice bean accessions through mechanical sap transmission. Presence of virus in the infected plant was confirmed by RT-PCR technique using primers specific for coat protein gene. Based on the extent of severity of symptoms, it was found that, 39 accessions were immune, EC-37 showed resistance reaction, EC-48, EC-34, IC-3 showed moderately resistance reaction, EC - 27, KBR 1 showed susceptible reaction. No accessions were highly susceptible. Rice bean accessions differing in the level of resistance were used further for biochemical studies. The total chlorophyll content, total sugars, phenolics were less in susceptible accessions. Total protein content was more in susceptible. Activity of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase and Super oxide dismutase were high in infected plants and varied among the infected rice bean accessions.
