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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA LEAF BLIGHT AND FRUIT ROT IN SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(2022-12-27) SANDEEP KUMAR G. M.; S. SRIRAMEpidemiology and management aspects of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici L.), an emerging disease of sweet pepper in India were investigated. Rainfall and relative humidity were identified as the significant parameters triggering the epidemic. The pathogen had fitness in temperature range of 10-34 °C, with optimum being 22 °C-28 °C. Relative humidity above 80% was conducive for leaf blight and fruit rot development. Soil moisture above 75% water holding capacity and saturation for 24 h aggravated root rot development. The pathogen can survive for 90 days in soil. Slender amaranth, black nightshade and spurge weeds were found as alternative hosts while cereals were non-hosts. Solanaceous, cucurbitaceous and leguminous vegetables varied in susceptibility. Based on CLIMEX simulation, Western Ghats and adjoining plains in Karnataka and Kerala, Western and Eastern Himalayan regions, hills in Orissa and Andaman and Nicobar islands were found highly favourable for P. capsici establishment under current and climate change (+2 °C) scenario. Integrated management schedule was developed with interventions viz., i) Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Th-2 + Bacillus subtilis BS-2 at 10g/kg seed ii) Application of neem cake and farmyard manure enriched with bioagents to planting bed @1kg/100 kg iii) Raised bed planting (90-100 cm wide and 15-22 cm height) with silver-black reflective mulch film (30-100 μ) iv) Irrigation regulation and soil drainage management v) Weeding and sanitation vi) Protective foliar sprays of chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L) or mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) in rotation at 15 day interval up to 40th standard meteorological week under Bengaluru conditions. Also, need based curative sprays and drenching with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L), in rotation with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) were found effective. Highest B: C ratio ofThesisItem Embargo AN ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND YIELD GAP OF POMEGRANATE PRODUCTION IN TUMKUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-27) GOWTHAMI. V.; VINAY KUMAR. RThe present investigation was conducted to assess the knowledge level, technological and yield gap by 120 randomly selected pomegranate growers from Sira and Pavagada taluks of Tumkur district. Results revealed that 38.83 per cent of Sira pomegranate growers and 48.33 per cent of Pavagada pomegranate growers belonged to medium knowledge level. Further, 35.00 per cent and 40.83 per cent of Sira and Pavagada pomegranate growers had medium technological gap, respectively. In Sira and Pavagada taluks 33.33 per cent and 43.33 per cent of pomegranate growers belonged to medium and high yield gap category, respectively. Pooled data indicated that 43.33 per cent, 40.83 per cent and 36.67 per cent of pomegranate growers had medium knowledge level, medium technological gap and medium yield gap, respectively. The data subjected to ‘Z’ test indicated that there was a significant difference in the yield gap of Sira and Pavagada farmers. Knowledge level, Technological and Yield gap were non-significantly associated with age, family size and significantly associated with education, farming experience, achievement motivation, risk orientation, innovative proneness, scientific orientation, management orientation, cosmopoliteness, economic motivation and social participation at five per cent level of significance, while annual income, land holding, area under pomegranate, extension contact, extension participation at one per cent level of significance. Major constraints expressed by pomegranate growers were poor knowledge in pest and disease management, lack of availability of quality seedlings, lack of knowledge on postharvest practices and lack of storage facilities.ThesisItem Open Access GENDER PARTICIPAITON AND DECISION MAKING IN SERICULTURE: A STUDY IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA STATE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-08) SHIVANANDAGOWDA G.R.; Lakshminarayan. M.T.The present study was undertaken in Kanakapura and Channapatana taluks of Ramanagara district in Karnataka state to analyze the gender participation and decision making pattern in sericulture technologies. Sixty farm men and 60 farm women formed the sample of the research study. The results revealed that farm men (63.34%) were belonging to high decision category, while 20.00 and 16.66 per cent of a majority of farm men were belonging to medium and low decision category of sericulture technologies, respectively. In respect of women, a majority were belonging tolow decision category (60.00%) followed by 26.66 and 13.34 per cent of farm women belonging to medium and high decision category, respectively. Forty-five per cent of farm men were having high level of participation in sericulture activities, while 30.00 per cent and one-fourth (25.00%) of farm men were having medium and low level of participation. More than one-thirdof farm women(35.00%) were having medium level of participation followed by one-third (33.34%) and 31.66 per cent of farm women werehaving high and low level of participation in sericulture activities. Further, the results revealed that age, education, experience in sericulture, innovativeness, achievement motivation, management orientation, risk orientation, attitude towards sericulture, farming commitment, economic motivation, training in sericulture, extension agency contact, extension participation, mass media exposure, and farm scientist contact of both farm men and women had significant association with their decision making and participation level.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON WEED DYNAMICS IN HYBRID MAIZE UNDER LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT (Zea mays. L)(2022-12-18) RAGHUVEER, M.; MURALI, K.A field experiment was conducted to study the weed dynamics in hybrid maize under long term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) during Rabi 2021 at All India Coordinated Research Project on LTFE, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. The experiment was carried out in Randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments of different doses of fertilizer along with FYM (10 t ha-1) and lime (500 kg ha-1). It was observed that among the grasses, Eleusine indica and Sorghum halapense were the most predominant weeds in the experimental field, whereas Commelina benghalensis, Alternantara spp., Oxalis latifolia and Ageratum conyzoides were most predominant broad leaved weeds. Oxalis latifolia was found only in the treatment receiving farm yard manure. Cyperus rotundus was the only species found in the experimental plot among sedges and it was found in lower doses of fertilizer application i.e., 50% NPK and control. Significant variation in weed density and biomass was recorded in different fertilizer treatment. Among different treatments, 100% NP recorded significantly higher weed density of 91.00 m-2 and 100% NPK + FYM + lime recorded significantly higher weed dry weight of 32.06 g m-2. Significantly lower weed density (40.67 m-2) and weed dry weight (8.92 g m-2) was recorded in control treatment (no fertilizers application). Application of 100% NPK + FYM + lime recorded significantly higher grain yield (6468 kg ha-1), straw yield (15126 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 88,066 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.88).ThesisItem Embargo RELEVANCE OF STARCH HYDROLYSIS AS AFFECTED BY 1-DNJ, AN ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR IN SEEDS AND MESOPHYLL TISSUES OF MULBERRY(2022-12-18) ABHISHEK HIREWODEYAR; SAVITHA MADAPPAMulberry is often used as medicine in Chinese and Indian cultures, as it is known to contain many bioactive compounds. One such unique metabolite is 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1- DNJ), an iminosugar analogue to D-Glucose, making it a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor. This property has led 1-DNJ to be used in therapeutics and has been studied in mammalian systems. Present research outlines the investigation of 1-DNJ and its role in plant species. 1-DNJ being a known competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, its role in starch hydrolysis during seed germination and leaf starch hydrolysis at night time is hypothesized. This study reveals that the seed germination and seedling vigour of mulberry, rice and wheat seeds are affected in the presence of 1-DNJ with highest inhibitions of germination noticed in mulberry seeds and least inhibition in paddy seeds. However, starch hydrolysis at night in leaf is not affected, as 1-DNJ levels in leaf extract of mulberry are diurnally regulated. Studies on starch content and maltase enzyme (target of 1-DNJ) activity highlights that the starch content in DNJ or SA treated leaf gets reduced and maltase enzyme activity to be increased during night time similar to untreated control. Further, metabolites such as glucose, fructose and sucrose are increased in night in DNJ or SA treated leaves as in untreated leaves, in line with starch hydrolysis. Thus, the diurnal regulation of 1-DNJ content and its role in starch metabolism in mulberry is being reported for the first time. The similar study in contrasting genotypes would strengthen the present findings.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE BEAN (Vigna umbellata L.) ACCESSIONS FOR BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS(2022-04-11) PREETHI B. M.; Dr. B.T. KRISHNAPRASADThe survey conducted during 2019-20 in six districts of Southern Karnataka to assess the incidence of mosaic disease of cowpea, revealed the occurrence of disease in the range of 18.66 to 50 percent. Highest disease incidence was recorded in Bengaluru urban (50percent) and least disease incidence in Chikkabalapura district (18.66 percent). Infected cowpea was used as a source of Bean Common Mosaic Virus. The virus was infected to rice bean accessions through mechanical sap transmission. Presence of virus in the infected plant was confirmed by RT-PCR technique using primers specific for coat protein gene. Based on the extent of severity of symptoms, it was found that, 39 accessions were immune, EC-37 showed resistance reaction, EC-48, EC-34, IC-3 showed moderately resistance reaction, EC - 27, KBR 1 showed susceptible reaction. No accessions were highly susceptible. Rice bean accessions differing in the level of resistance were used further for biochemical studies. The total chlorophyll content, total sugars, phenolics were less in susceptible accessions. Total protein content was more in susceptible. Activity of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase and Super oxide dismutase were high in infected plants and varied among the infected rice bean accessions.ThesisItem Open Access A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ARRIVALS AND PRICES OF MANGO IN SELECTED MARKETS OF KARNATAKA(2022-03-03) BHUVANA, M.; KRISHNAMURTY, K.N.Analysis of prices and market arrivals over time is important in order to understand price fluctuations and for establishing effective methods and means for reducing price fluctuations of agricultural commodities. In the present study, trends in mango crop arrivals and prices over time from BinnyMill, Chintamani, and Srinivaspur markets of Karnataka state were chosen from a pool of all market places in Karnataka based on the highest amount of mango arrivals. Monthly secondary data on arrivals and prices of mango were obtained from the respective APMCs over the period of 18 years from 2002 to 2019. The Linear model predicted the trend in mango arrivals as the best in BinnyMill market while Cubic model predicted the best in both Chintamani and Srinivaspur markets. Further, Cubic model explained the trend in mango prices as the best in both BinnyMill and Chintamani markets while Quadratic model explained best for Srinivaspur market. Box-Jenkin's method was used to forecast mango prices in selected markets. Since, there was seasonality in the data, seasonal ARIMA model were fitted. The data's stationarity was tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, which revealed that all the markets' price series were non-stationary. From the analysis, it was revealed that SARIMA(0,1,1)(0,0,1)[3], SARIMA(2,0,0)(0,0,0)[3] and SARIMA(0,1,0)(1,0,1)[3] models were the best fitted SARIMA models for BinnyMill, Chintamani, and Srinivaspur markets, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON AGROMYZID FLIES ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CROPS OF KARNATAKA(2022-03-31) SHARANABASU; Prabhu C. GanigerThe study was carried out at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Agromyzid flies were collected from different parts of Karnataka during October, 2020 to November, 2021 by using sweep net, malaise trap and rearing from infested host plants. A maximum of 76.85 per cent of the specimens were collected by rearing, followed by sweep net (19.90 %) and malaise trap (3.24 %). A total of 432 agromyzids were collected, of which 89 males and 343 were females. Among the collected flies 59.02 and 40.97 per cent belonged to the subfamilies Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae, respectively. Agromyzids were collected from different infested parts of host plants viz., leaves, pods, seeds and stems. Among these, the highest number of flies were obtained from leaf mines (56.92 %) followed by pods (30.72 %), stem (6.92 %) and seeds (5.42 %). Agromyzids like Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch, M. hibisci Spencer and M. sojae Zehntner were basically collected from crops viz., Cajanus cajan (L.) Abelmoschus esculentus (L.), Glycine max (L.), respectively. Serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess collected from Ricinus communis (L.), Vicia faba (L.), Cucumis sativus (L.), Solanum lycopersicum (L.), Spinacia oleracea (L.) and Vigna unguiculata (L.). Whereas Ophiomyia lantanae Froggatt and Calycomyza sp. affects seeds and leaves of Lantana camara (L.) respectively. A total of 10 agromyzid species were identified. Identification keys and description for each species are provided. In the present study, the genera Cerodontha and Calycomyza were recorded for the first time from Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF LEAF THICKNESS AND STOMATAL CHARACTERS ON WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND HAPLOTYPE MAPPING FOR VARIABILITY IN STOMATAL CHARACTERS IN RICE(2022-01-10) SOORYA, E.; Dr. SHESHSHAYEE, M S.Rice is the major food crops which serve as staple food for majority of the world’s population. Uneven rainfall and frequent droughts have brought the necessity to adopt aerobic cultivation. Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important physiological trait which determines the growth rates and has relevance under both resource sufficient as well as deficit conditions. WUE is a complex trait controlled by both photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaf thickness and stomatal frequency are two important traits that determine WUE through their influence on net assimilation rate (NAR) and mean transpiration rate (MTR), critical subcomponents of WUE. A study was conducted to evaluate 150 rice lines to screen for leaf thickness, stomatal frequency and leaf area. A sub-set of 32 lines were selected from 150 lines which were evaluated in phenomics facility under two water regimes i.e., well-watered (100% FC) and water-limited (60% FC) conditions. Leaf thickness was measured as leaf mass area (LMA) and stomatal frequency was determined using the leaf imprint method. Leaf area and WUE were strongly related in the selected sub-set. NAR was key determinant of WUE under both well-watered and water-limited conditions. Leaf thickness played a major role in determining WUE under water-limited condition, whereas WUE was better explained by stomatal frequency under well-watered condition. The probable reduction in mesophyll conductance in thicker leaves might be compensated by having many stomata. Haplotype analyses indicated presence of 3 haplotypes for each gene but were not responsible for phenotypic variation.
