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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access QUANTIFICATION, LOCALIZATION AND MOLECULAR PROFILING OF IRON IN GRAINS OF BIOFORTIFIED AEROBIC RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SANTHOSH, D.B.; Dayal Doss, D.Micronutrients malnutrition has reached to alarming situation with billions of people suffering from Iron, Zinc and Vitamin-A deficiencies. Micronutrient supplementation, food fortification and biofortification are the three basic approaches used to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. In the present study ten genotypes rich in iron were grown during Kharif season 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Iron in the aerobic rice grains were estimated by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy at M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Chennai. Jeerigesanna recorded highest iron content in brown rice (11.75 ppm), paddy (18.77 ppm), 5 per cent bran (22.85 ppm) and 10 per cent bran (25.20 ppm). Whereas, lowest iron content in brown rice was observed in Azucena (7.40 ppm), lowest iron content in paddy was observed in Black rice (10.75 ppm), lowest iron content in 5 per cent bran was observed in AM-65 (12.23 ppm) and lowest iron content in 10 per cent bran was observed in AM-65 (12.35 ppm). Perl’s Prussian blue staining of aerobic rice grain sections showed localization of iron and distribution of iron accumulation (blue compound of ferric ferrocyanide) throughout the aleurone and subaleurone layers. Eleven SSR markers were used three markers RM276, RM315 and RM318 showed polymorphism. Further, Single-marker analysis was done using molecular marker data and phenotypic data of different marker classes revealed that the significant association and linkage of marker to traits like grain iron, panicle length and plant height.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE, GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TURMERIC IN TURMERIC - MUSKMELON CROPPING SEQUENCE IN SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAGHAVENDRA REDDY, M.; RAMAKRISHNA PARAMA, V.R.Turmeric is known for its use in medicine, cosmetics, food and textile industries. The present investigation was carried out at farmer’s field, Byadamudlu village, Chamarajanagara district, Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka to study the influence of specific nutrient management practices on nutrient uptake, growth, yield and quality of turmeric in turmeric - muskmelon cropping sequence. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments and three replications. Significantly higher growth, yield parameters and fresh rhizome yield (34.07 t ha-1) were recorded on application of fertilizers recommended by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (UAS-B) along with microbial consortia (MC), a bio-fertilizer and arka actino plus (AAP), a bio-pesticide. Higher curcumin (5.257 %) and essential oil (5.424 %) were registered due to treatment T14 (N150P125K250 -100% UAS (B) rec. +MC+AAP). Total nutrient uptake by turmeric was higher in treatment T14. Nutrient management practice which include MC+AAP along with N150P125K250 (T14) recorded maximum soil microbial population and enzymatic activity at all intervals. Higher soil available nutrients (N, P2O5 and K2O) viz., 232.3, 72.34 and 476.7 kg ha-1 were recorded in T3, T2 and T11, respectively at harvest of turmeric. Nutrient use efficiencies of nitrogen (63.72 %), phosphorus (37.17 %) and potassium (79.26 %) were higher in T14. The residual effect of treatment T14 was superior in terms of better growth parameters, fruit yield (17.87 t ha-1) and nutrient uptake by muskmelon. Higher soil microbial population and enzyme activity after harvest of muskmelon were registered due to residual influence of treatment T14. Higher gross returns for the entire cropping sequence was ` 6,90,270 with benefit cost ratio of 3.2:1 was recorded in treatment T14. N150P125K250 -100% UAS (B) rec. +MC+AAP is recommended for turmeric in turmeric - muskmelon cropping sequence in Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access AN ANALYSIS OF FARMERS’ WELL-BEING UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED FARMING CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) NAVEEN KUMAR, P.; NARASIMHA, N.The present study was carried out in Davangere and Chitradurga districts in Central Dry-Zone of Karnataka State during 2017-2018 to analyse the farmer’s wellbeing under irrigated and rainfed farming conditions. Data was collected from a sample of 90 farmers from irrigated condition (Davanagere, Harihara and Channagiri taluks of Davanagere district) and 90 farmers from rainfed condition (Challakere, Molakalmuru and Hiryur taluks of Chitradurga district) using a pre-tested interview schedule. A standardised scale to measure the farmer’s well-being was specifically developed for the study and the same was used to analyse the well-being of the farmers. The results indicated that a larger proportion of farmers of irrigated condition (42.22%) were belonging to high category of well-being, whereas over one-third i.e. 35.56 % and 22.22 per cent of them were belonging to medium and low category of well-being, respectively. With respect to rainfed condition, a greater number of farmers i.e. 44.44% were belonging to low level of well-being, while 34.44 and 21.12 per cent of them were belonging to medium and high level of well-being, respectively. There existed a significant difference in well-being of farmers between irrigated and rainfed conditions. In irrigated condition, ‘high cost of inputs’ was the major constraint in acquiring higher level of well-being by the farmers, while ‘uncertainty of rainfall’ was the major constraint in acquiring higher well-being of farmers in rainfed condition. Timely supply of quality agricultural inputs at subsidised rates was the major suggestion offered by both the irrigated (98.00%) and rainfed (97.78%) farmers.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES OF Rhizoctonia solani CAUSING SHEATH BLIGHT IN RICE AND ITS MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-07-01) KIRAN KUMAR, N.; Narendrappa, T.Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive diseases in rice contributing to significant yield loss. Morphological variability of twenty isolates of R. solani from rice revealed maximum hyphal width of 7.21 μm in the isolate MYRS 1and the minimum hyphal width of 3.45 μm was observed in HARS 1. The highest mycelial growth of 54.8 mm was noticed in MYRS 3 and the least growth was observed in MYRS 2 (15.8 mm). The twenty isolates under study except HARS 7 produced sclerotial bodies and many produced dark brown, micro sized and separate sclerotia on the surface of the medium. The highest relative lesion length of 51.2% was observed in MARS 5 and the least relative lesion length was observed in HARS 7 (10.5%). The genetic diversity of twenty R. solani isolates using 19 ISSR markers showed 100 per cent polymorphism and were grouped into 5 clusters. The R. solani isolates recorded negative infectivity on ragi, maize, jowar and tomato plants except MYRS 1, MYRS 2, MARS 2, MARS 6 and HARS 1 isolates that showed infectivity on beans. The highest in vitro inhibition of growth of R. solani (51.1%) was observed in cabbage and the least inhibition was 21.93% with radish at 1:1 dilution. The highest inhibition of growth of R. solani was observed in Trichoderma viride (38.88%) and the least inhibition was noticed in case of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis which recorded 18.88% inhibition over control. Foliar application of propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1 % at 30 DAT and 60 DAT was found most effective in suppressing the disease (3.70%) followed by soil application of mustard leaf @5 g/100 g soil before transplanting and foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 5 g/L at 30 DAT (6.48%). Under field evaluation, foliar application of propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1 % at 30 DAT and 60 DAT was most effective with least mean disease severity (12.59%) with highest yield (4992 kg/ha) followed by soil application of mustard leaf @ 5 kg/plot before transplanting and foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 5 g/L at 30 DAT with 17.77% mean disease severity and 4433 kg/ha yield.ThesisItem Open Access RELEVANCE OF ROOT CHARACTERISTICS IN IMPROVING DROUGHT ADAPTATION IN TOMATO(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-11-30) RASHMI, K.; P. CHANDRASHEKARA, REDDYDue to limited availability of aerable land and the high market demand for vegetables around the world, solanaceous crops are cultivated under unfavorable environmental conditions leading to reduced quality and productivity of crops. One way to reduce losses in productivity of vegetable crops would be to graft them onto rootstocks capable of reducing the effect of external stresses on the shoot. In order to achieve this, identification of suitable root stock having superior root characteristics with higher level of root intrinsic cellular level tolerance (CLT) is highly relevant under drought stress condition. In this context, 100 tomato accessions were evaluated in brick structures under normal conditions to study the genetic variability for root architecture and CLT. Study indicated a wide and significant variation among the accessions for all the root traits and CLT. Based on root dry weight, total biomass and CLT, six contrasting lines (high root lines (HRL)-Arka Ashish (ACC 100), IIHR2617 (ACC 88), IIHR 2624 (ACC 74), IIHR 2622 (ACC 72) and low root lines (LRL) -IIHR2615 (ACC 86) and IIHR2613 (ACC 84)) were identified and further subjected to different levels of soil moisture stress viz., 100, 80 and 60 % FC by gravimetrical approach at whole plant level. Physiological, biochemical and expression studies were quantified; HRL’s performed well compared to LRL’s. Additionally, selected accessions were further assessed for salinity stress (whole plant level), oxidative and high temperature stress (Seedling level). HRL showed higher morphological, agronomical and ancillary parameters compared to LRL. Further, these accessions were validated by grafting approach, three types of grafted plants were generated (hetero, homo and ungrafted) to assess the drought stress response, morphological and yield parameters were recorded and analyzed. Stress imposition caused a significant reduction in various physiological, morphological and yield parameters in low root lines as compared to high root line plants.ThesisItem Open Access CARBON-NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN DIFFERENT SOIL AGGREGATES UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED SITUATION WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN UNDER CEREAL AND PULSE BASED CROPPING SYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-31) USHA KUMARI; SATHISH, A.An investigation was carried out to study the dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in different soil aggregates with different levels of nitrogen in field bean, finger millet and maize under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The results of the study revealed that available nutrient status was recorded higher in N3 (100% RDN) level of nitrogen with pooled mean of 259.96 kg ha-1, 12.58, 2.65, 35.41, 1.96 mg kg-1, respectively for available nitrogen, DTPA extractable Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu while available P2O5 and K2O was recorded higher under N1 level with pooled mean of 10.15 and 146.53 kg ha-1 , respectively in irrigated condition. Similar trend was also noticed in rainfed condition. Grain as well as straw yield was recorded higher under N3 level of nitrogen with a pooled mean of 1112, 4478 and 9142 kg ha-1, respectively under irrigated and 1101, 3254, 6854 kg ha-1, respectively under rainfed, for field bean, finger millet and maize. The organic carbon and nitrogen fractions was recorded higher in N3 level under macro aggregates (>250 μm) as compared to N1 (No Nitrogen) level under micro aggregates (<250 μm). On comparing numerically, higher available nutrient status was observed under rainfed condition while higher fractions of organic carbon and nitrogen was recorded under irrigated condition. The aggregates stability was found non-significant over nitrogen levels in terms of mean weight diameter, while the aggregate stability in terms of tensile strength showed significant increase in stability with decrease in size of aggregates. Thus, higher organic carbon and nitrogen fractions was observed under irrigated condition, at N3 level, in macro aggregates at 0-15 cm depth.ThesisItem Open Access QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) cv. ARKA PRABHATH THROUGH TILLING(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-11) RAMESH, A. N.; VAGEESHBABU S. HANURThe papaya cv. Arka Prabhath is an advanced generation gynodioecious cultivar developed at IIHR-Bengaluru. The seeds of this variety were treated with various doses (0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 250 Gy, 500 Gy and 750 Gy) of gamma radiation to study the treatment influence on quality parameters. The radio sensitivity test on survival (%) among M1 progenies showed that highest survival per cent was recorded in control treatment (78%) followed by 66% (50 Gy), 64% (100 Gy), 72 % (250 Gy) 26% (500 Gy) and 0 % (750 Gy). The data on nodes to first flowering ranged from 0.00 to 7.91 between treatments. The height to first flowering ranged from 0.00 to 90.41cm, trunk circumference 0.0 to 31.79 cm, the data on fruit yield ranged from 0.00 to 35.52 kg/tree. M1 populations of papaya were selected and forwarded to M2 and assigned into families (A to Y).The X family (153 days) and D family (152.6 days) took longer days to first flowering. Significantly superior trunk circumference (33.90 cm) was observed in the A family and M family (32.80 cm). The highest canopy spread (E-W) was observed in C family (143.33 cm) and G family (140.50 cm). The highest yield was observed in G family ( 57.90 kg/pt) and M family (36.40 kg/pt) .Out of 315, we identified 11 mutants to study quality and shelf life parameters like respiration and ethylene content by down regulating ripening related genes ACC synthase and ACC oxidase gene specific primers. The amplified samples were pooled in 5X manner and performed HRM work through qPCR.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ENRICHED COMPOSTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET-COWPEA CROPPING SYSTEM IN CAUVERY COMMAND AREA, KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-30) JAGADEESHA, G. S.; Prakasha, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, VC Farm, Mandya during kharif 2017, summer 2018, kharif 2018 and summer 2019 to study the effect of phosphorus enriched composts on soil properties, growth and yield of finger millet-cowpea cropping system. Prior to initiation of the field experiment, three different composts viz., urban solid waste compost (USWC), vermicompost and farm yard manure (FYM) were enriched with rock phosphate at 5 per cent. Enriched composts were characterized for various physical and chemical parameters as the pH had decreased in enriched USWC (8.02) and vermicompost (6.78) compared to unenriched USWC (8.29) and vermicompost (6.84). With respect to phosphorus concentration, enriched USWC (2.87 %), vermicompost (2.43 %) and FYM (1.16 %) were recorded higher than unenriched USWC (0.90 %), vermicompost (0.82 %) and FYM (0.28 %). Field experiment was laid out in RCBD design with eleven treatments and replicated thrice. The initial P2O5 of the experimental site was very high (133.58 kg ha-1). The results revealed that, application of recommended N and K + 75 per cent P supplied through enriched USWC (T5) had significantly higher grain (45.15) and straw yield (60.36 q ha-1) of finger millet and significantly higher grain (14.62) and haulm yield (29.98 q ha-1) of residual cowpea in pooled analysis. The uptake of nutrients by grain, straw and haulm of both the crops were significantly higher in T5 treatment. The post-harvest soil available nutrient status of both the crops were also significantly higher in T5 and higher phosphorus use efficiency (32.30 %) of finger millet was found in recommended N and K + 50 per cent P supplied through enriched USWC (T4). Higher BC ratio of 3.09 in first season (2017 and 2018) and 3.15 in second season (2018 and 2019) were recorded in T4 treatment.ThesisItem Open Access CLIMATE RESILIENCE MANAGEMENT LEVEL AMONG FARMERS IN AGRICULTURE IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-08) MURTHY, M.A.; NAGABHUSHANAM, K.The present study was carried in the Eastern Dry Zone (Zone-5) of Karnataka during 2017-18 . It covers six districts viz., Tumkur, Banglore rural, Bangalore urban, Kolar, Ramanagar and Chickballapur. Data was collected from a sample of 90 farmers from irrigated area and 90 farmers from rainfed area using pre-tested interview schedule through personal interview method. Standardized scales to measure climate resilience management level among farmers was developed and used in the study. The study showed that in irrigated situation, 36.67 per cent of respondents belonged to low climate resilience management level. Whereas, in rainfed situation, half of the farmers 50.00 per cent had low level of climate resilience management. Variables like mass media exposure, economic motivation, and distance to market, innovative proneness, irrigational potential, education, risk orientation and extent of natural capital were found highly significant association with climate resilience management level. Documentation of adoptability of climate resilient management in response to vulnerability of climate change showed that majority of farmers followed drought tolerant varieties followed by intercropping, pest and disease resistant varieties. Majority of farmers expressed their problems were non availability of labour and other constraints like, higher cost of the agricultural inputs, non availability of inputs. Majority of farmers suggested that timely supply inputs (seeds, plant protection chemicals, fertilizers) followed by subsidies/compensation has to be given for the crops to make up the cost of cultivation due to weather aberrations creating awareness about adoption measures against climate change.
