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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PYTHIUM SOFT ROOT ROT DISEASE OF MULBERRY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2019-08-28) RAVICHANDRA; Y. M. SOMASEKHARAMulberry crop affected by many diseases and threatening the mulberry cultivation. Recently, some of the mulberry gardens were infected with soft root rot disease with symptoms like withering and drying of leaves, mucilaginous matrix on bark of the roots resulting roots become soft and ultimately the plant showed epinasty and wilting. The soft root rot disease was observed in Agara (43.76 %), Kebre (32.57%), Thattekere (18.79%) and Gerehalli (13.58%) villages of Ramanagara district and Maddur (7.89 %), Halaguru (16.78 %) and Malavalli (6.58 %) of Mandya district. The pathogen Pythium sp. Was isolated from infected roots and identified based on morphological characters and proved pathogenicity. The maximum growth of the pathogen was found at 25 °C with pH 7. PDA (90 mm) and V-8 agar (90 mm) supported maximum growth of the pathogen. Among the fungicides evaluated in vitro condition Captan (86.29 %), Mancozeb + Metalaxyl, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, Fenamidone + Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin + Mancozeb (94.44 %), and Tebuconazole (100 %) were found effective. Among botanicals, neem extract (14.02 %) had highest inhibition of the pathogen. Trichoderma viride-1 (95.54 %) and Bacillus pumilis (58.88 %) were effective in vitro conditions. The bio-agents T. viride-1 and T. viride-2 found effective in glasshouse and field conditions. The effective fungicides Mancozeb + Metalaxyl (0.1 %) and Captan (0.2 %) reduced disease under field conditions up to 31.96 and 27.45 per cent, respectively. These fungicides, botanicals and bio-agents can be exploited for the management of soft root rot disease of mulberry.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF HUMAN ELEPHANT CONFLICT IMPACT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LANDSCAPES OF SAKALESHPUR AND ALUR TALUKS, CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2019-08-28) CHETHAN, C M; CHETHAN, C M; RAGHAVENDRA, S; RAGHAVENDRA, SThe Asian elephant inhabits more densely populated country like India that is facing rapid development accompanied by a high rate of deforestation, leading to increased interaction with humans. Sakaleshpur and Alur Taluks in Karnataka is one such case that has witnessed a higher level of human-elephant conflict (HEC) over the years. Forest area has been decreased from 32.00%(1998) to 30.10%(2011) and degraded further into 25.00% in 2018. Elephants are moving to the farmlands due to developmental activities. Increased plantation area from 17.80% to 24.50% resulted in increased area for elephant refuge. 50% of dung samples shows presence of 1-50 coffee beans. Respondent’s perception revealed that elephant menace was increased from the past 10 years(76.50%), due to scarcity of food and water(36.50%), attraction towards crops(23.00%),forest-fringes(7.50%),inadequate preventive measures(6.00%) and increased elephant’s population (6.00%). The vulnerability areas of HEC shows that damage was severe in the areas near to coffee, monoculture plantations and reserve-forest. More conflict incidences were observed within the distance of one kilometer from the reserve forest, and it decreased as distance increased. The severe conflict was seen during paddy maturation stage in the month of October- December. Elephants prefer Dawn, Dusk and night for crop-raiding to avoid human disturbance. Assessment made at a spatial and temporal level can be useful for taking up proper management of conflict at ground level.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF RAINFALL IN HAVERI DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAGHAVENDRA, C.S.; Gowda, D.M.The amount of rainfall and its pattern is one of the important factors that affect agricultural system. The analysis of rainfall data for long period provide information about pattern and its variability. For this purpose daily rainfall (mm) data pertaining to all taluks of Haveri district were collected from the AICRP on Agro meteorology, UAS, GKVK for the period of 32 years from 1982-2013.68. The average annual rainfall in the district during the study period was found to be 746.32 mm with a coefficient of variation of 21.27 per cent. Sixty eight per cent of the annual rainfall was received from South-West monsoon of which September month received highest amount of rainfall in the district. Mann Kendall test has revealed that all taluks of the district have registered non- significant positive trend. However, two taluks namely Byadgi & Hirekerur were found to have positive significant trend in annual rainfall out of seven taluks. The probability distribution viz., Normal, lognormal, Gamma (1P, 2P, 3P), General extreme value (GEV), Weibull (1P, 2P, 3P), Gumbel and Pareto were fitted for rainfall data of different periods of the district to observe pattern and goodness of fit was tested using Kolmogorov– Smirnov test. From the analysis, Weibull and Normal were found to be best fitted distributions for annual and seasonal rainfall data respectively. For Standard Meteorological Week 23rd to 39th SMW of rainfall data, Gamma, Log-Normal, Weibull and GEV were found to be the best fit distributions.ThesisItem Open Access STAGGERING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PLANTING RATIOS TO MAXIMIZE THE SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF SINGLE CROSS HYBRID MAIZE MAH 14-5 (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) ANIL KUMAR, G. S.; RAMANAPPA, T.M.The present investigation was carried out in two field experiments, one being the staggered sowing to study synchronization of flowering between female (CAL 1443) and male (CML 451) parents of single cross hybrid maize, MAH 14-5 during kharif 2017. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with five treatments and four replications. The female and male parents sown on same day (S3) showed better synchronization in flowering which in turn resulted significant enhancement in yield parameters like ear length (18.33 cm), number of seeds per row (28.15), ear weight (140.35 g), seed weight per ear (115.75 g), seed yield per plant (140.10 g), seed yield per plot (2.24 kg) and seed yield per ha (34.09 q) in female parent. Another experiment was carried out to optimize the planting ratios during summer 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with five main plot treatments (planting ratios) and two sub plot treatments (zinc nutrient). Planting ratio of 4:2 (female : male) registered significantly higher values for ear weight (141.63 g), ear diameter (4.65 cm), ear length (18.55 cm), number of seed rows per ear (16.13), number of seeds per row (28.13), seed weight per ear (115.75) and seed yield per plant (135.49 g) in seed parent. However, significant differences for seed yield per plot (8.96 kg) and seed yield per ha (35.10 q) was observed in 4:1 planting ratio. Hence, the study concluded that the sowing of male and female parents on same day with planting ratio of 4:1 could achieve better synchronisation of flowering in parents higher seed quality attributes and yield of seed parent.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF BEETLE ACROSS THE RURAL-URBAN GRADIENTS OF BANGALORE DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) JAGADEESH, KANASOGI; JEMLA NAIK, D.Urbanization is a dominant process of land alteration converting rural undisturbed areas into urban land. Now a days, the world is facing greatest ever biodiversity crisis due to urbanization, which leads to extinction of many species of plants and insects. The present study examined changes in abundance and diversity of beetles across the rural-urban gradients of Bangalore district during 2017-18. Using four methods of collection (light trap, sweep net, malaise trap and bee bowl) a total of 20,978 beetles of 271 morpho-species belongs to 30 families were collected. Among beetles, Staphylinidae contribute 72 per cent followed by Scarabaeidae and Carabidae. The light trap was found more efficient and effective for beetle collection as ninetythree per cent of total beetles were collected compared to other methods used in the study. The abundance and diversity of beetle were recorded more in post monsoon compared to pre-monsoon. During both the seasons, highest number of beetles were collected from rural gradients (8034) followed by peri-urban (6580) and urban gradients (5006). Shannon diversity index value was highest in peri-urban areas (H’=3.85) followed by rural (H’=3.81) and urban (H’=3.62). But, there were no significant differences were observed in both abundance and diversity of beetles across the gradients. Beetle diversity had shown positive correlation with diversity of vegetation. The present findings suggest that beetle can be used as a bio-indicator as it contributes 40 per cent of total insects species collected. Further, ecological health of a given area can be determined easily using beetle diversity.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF PLANTING GEOMETRY ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) NCEDISO A., MKHONTA; SIDDARAJU, R.Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) is a staple food crop grown by subsistence farmers in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics of the world under rainfed conditions. Finger millet is a profuse tillering crop that requires optimum spacing for proper utilisation of light and plant nutrition to express its seed yield potential. Considering the crop characteristics and the need of quality seeds and maximum seed yield for the subsistence farmers, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of planting geometry on seed yield and quality in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) at J-Block, NSP, GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru during kharif 2017. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications, each replicate consisting of six different planting geometry viz., Rectangular method at 20 x 10 cm (G1) solid row, Rectangular method at 20 x 20 cm (G2) paired row, Square method at 20 x 20 cm (G3), Square method at 30 x 30 cm (G4), Square method at 45 x 45 cm (G5) and Square method at 60 x 60 cm (G6). The results indicated that planting geometry treatment (G2) rectangular method @ 20 x 20 cm paired row recorded maximum seed yield per hectare (55.64 q/ha). This is mainly due to maintenance of optimum plant population per unit area. While yield attributing characters like number of tiller per hill (7.68), number of fingers per ear head (7.30) and seed yield per plant (65.75 g) were significantly maximum in square method at 60 x 60 cm (G6). This may be due to efficient utilization of resources as the individual plant got more area for absorption of plant nutrients and more light and air for better development of growth characters (Ram et. al., 2013.) Hence, the study could be concluded that rectangular method at 20 x 20 cm paired row plant geometry was found to be suitable for increasing the seed productivity of finger milletThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING GEOMETRY AND NUTRITION ON PLANT GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) PRUTHVISHREE, C.; PARAMESH, R.The field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of planting geometry and nutrition on plant growth, seed yield and quality of okra at NSP, UAS, Bangalore. The experiment was laid out in FRCBD design with 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice which includes three different planting geometry S0 (60 × 45 cm), S1 (60 × 30 cm) and S2 (60 × 60 cm), four levels of nutrients N0 (100 % RDF), N1 (125 % RDF), N2 (150 % RDF) and N3 (200 % RDF) (RDF : 156.25: 93.75: 78.75 kg NPK ha-1). Results revealed that S2 and N1 are superior in plant growth and seed yield attributes viz., plant height (171.79 cm), number of leaves (28.23), number of branches (3.90), internodal length (10.80 cm) and chlorophyll content (60.83 SPAD unit), maximum seed yield plant-1 (69.06 g), seed yield plot-1 (1115.45 g) and seed yield ha-1 (19.36 q) registered and highest seed quality parameters documented under S2N1 such as germination (89.50 %), mean seedling length (35.65 cm), mean seedling dry weight (57.22 mg), seedling vigour index-I (3190) and II (5121) and 100-seed weight (8.60 g). Seed quality was evaluated based on fruit position with FCRD design replicated thrice consisting of three fruit position top (P1), middle (P2) and bottom (P3). It was found that bottom fruits (P3) produced highest quality seeds with maximum germination (88.61 %), mean seedling length (32.77 cm), mean seedling dry weight (50.32 g), seedling vigour index-I (2927) and II (4474), 100-seed weight (7.53 g) and total dehydrogenase activity (2.80), while electrical conductivity (674 μScm-1) of seed leachates recorded minimum in seeds from bottom fruits of okra.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING GEOMETRY AND NUTRITION ON PLANT GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) PRUTHVISHREE, C.; PARAMESH, R.The field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of planting geometry and nutrition on plant growth, seed yield and quality of okra at NSP, UAS, Bangalore. The experiment was laid out in FRCBD design with 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice which includes three different planting geometry S0 (60 × 45 cm), S1 (60 × 30 cm) and S2 (60 × 60 cm), four levels of nutrients N0 (100 % RDF), N1 (125 % RDF), N2 (150 % RDF) and N3 (200 % RDF) (RDF : 156.25: 93.75: 78.75 kg NPK ha-1). Results revealed that S2 and N1 are superior in plant growth and seed yield attributes viz., plant height (171.79 cm), number of leaves (28.23), number of branches (3.90), internodal length (10.80 cm) and chlorophyll content (60.83 SPAD unit), maximum seed yield plant-1 (69.06 g), seed yield plot-1 (1115.45 g) and seed yield ha-1 (19.36 q) registered and highest seed quality parameters documented under S2N1 such as germination (89.50 %), mean seedling length (35.65 cm), mean seedling dry weight (57.22 mg), seedling vigour index-I (3190) and II (5121) and 100-seed weight (8.60 g). Seed quality was evaluated based on fruit position with FCRD design replicated thrice consisting of three fruit position top (P1), middle (P2) and bottom (P3). It was found that bottom fruits (P3) produced highest quality seeds with maximum germination (88.61 %), mean seedling length (32.77 cm), mean seedling dry weight (50.32 g), seedling vigour index-I (2927) and II (4474), 100-seed weight (7.53 g) and total dehydrogenase activity (2.80), while electrical conductivity (674 μScm-1) of seed leachates recorded minimum in seeds from bottom fruits of okra.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND EVALUATION OF ENDOPHYTES FROM GRAIN AMARANTHUS SPECIES FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) BHAGYASHREE, K.B.; SHIVAPRAKASH, M.K.A study was undertaken to isolate and evaluate endophytes from grain Amaranthus species for plant growth promoting activities. Endophytic bacteria are found in association with plants. In this study, twenty bacteria were isolated from root, shoot and leaves of two varieties of grain amaranth, Suvarna and KBGH-1. Out of which, most of them were Gram positive and have shown positive results for N-fixation, Psolubilisation, growth hormone production, siderophore production and biocontrol activity against plant pathogens under laboratory condition. They were efficient in controlling major soilborne pathogens of grain amaranth through production of siderophore and by possessing ACC deaminase activity. Among twenty isolates, five efficient bacterial isolates namely RAR-5, RAS-3, RAL-7, WAR-1 and WAS-11 were selected to test for their efficiency of influencing plant growth and biocontrol activity against Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in Suvarna and KBGH-1 varieties of grain amaranth under glass house condition. From the results obtained, it was found that the selected isolates were able to control the nursery diseases in effective manner. These efficient isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus, Pseudomonas moorei, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus cereus and Acromobacter deleyi. These bacterial endophytes either individually or in combination with reduced amount of fertilizers improved plant growth and yield of the grain amaranth. These results strongly suggest that the endophytic bacteria characterized in this study could be successfully used to promote plant growth and inducing fungal resistance in plant.
