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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMAL PRODUCTION TIMING AND LAND ALLOCATION FOR SUMMER TOMATO IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA -AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-26) VASANTH KUMAR, C.; Sreenivasa Murthy, D.The study was undertaken to assess the optimal production timing and land allocation for summer under different tomato transplanting groups based on the timing of transplanting of seedlings, viz, TA1 (April 1st to 15th), TA2 (April 16th to 30th), TM1 (May 1 st to 15th) and TM2 (May 16th to 30th). The data was collected from 120 sample farmers of Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts using Multi-stage purposive-cum-random sampling procedure and analysed using simple tabular, production function and Data Envelopment Analysis. Economic feasibility analysis indicated that summer tomato production in Karnataka is both capital and labour intensive and is economically viable to the growers particularly more to the farmers of group TM1. Time series analysis of price data revealed two ideal crop seasons in a year i.e., crop harvest coinciding with the late kharif crop (November month) and crop harvest coinciding the summer crops (late June and July) as these would fetch farmers highest returns. The study validated that May month especially the first fortnight was the best time for farmers to transplant tomato to maximize the profit. Majority of farmers (75 %) in summer production are yet to achieve the technical efficiency level of 0.90 and above suggesting a great scope to reduce the use of present inputs by about 20 per cent and still maintain the same level of tomato yield. Allocative efficiency in tomato production is about 33 per cent and suggests majority of farmers are not yet applying the inputs in optimal proportions with respective prices.ThesisItem Open Access CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN BENGALURU CITY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-08-10) APARNA, K. S.; Nagaraja, G. N.The present study was conducted to know the Consumption pattern of fruits and vegetables in Bengaluru city. The study revealed that the important factors influencing the consumers to consume fruits and vegetables are consumer’s perception, health consciousness, convenience, affordability, nutrition, diet requirement and source of energy. About 66.67 per cent of consumers consume fruits once a day followed by 27.78 per cent two times a day and 5.56 per cent all three times a day. 50 Per cent of consumers consume vegetables twice a day, 38.89 per cent all three times a day and 11.11 per cent only once a day. 53.33 per cent of the consumers buy fruits and vegetables as and when needed, 26.67 per cent of consumers buy once in two days, 11.11 per cent of consumers buy daily and 8.89 per cent of the consumers buy weekly once. 54.44 per cent of households prefer modern retail stores with least preference to online shopping. The majority 77.78 per cent consumers prefer fresh fruits and vegetables, 22.22 per cent of consumers prefer cut fruits and vegetables. High price of fruits and vegetables and nonavailability of required quality and type of fruits and vegetables are the major constraints faced by the consumers. From this it can be suggested that the modern retail outlets can display nutritional value and advantages of consuming fruits and vegetables to influence consumers to purchase fruits and vegetables.ThesisItem Open Access SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF BIO-CRAFT PRODUCTS FROM SILK WASTE COCOONS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2017-09-25) RAJESAB NADAF; Gracy, C.P.The study was conducted to know the utilization of cut/pierced mulberry silkworm cocoons obtained from grainages as decorative crafts from handicrafts makers. The data from three handicrafts units and 30 randomly selected customers were obtained from Kolar, Chikkaballapura and Mysore districts of Karnataka.Silk cocoon handicraft articles like garlands, different types of flowers, artisans and flower pots were designed. The average capital requirement to start the business was around Rs.36,000 which resulted in a business turnover of Rs. 9,38,424. Bio-craft units yield 5-6 per cent net returns on initial investment. The net profitability index for cocoon garland was 1.28, whereas individual flowers and other craft items showed 1.26 and 1.31 net profits for every rupee cost. Majority of the customers preferred single flowers (93.3 %) while cocoon artisans (26.6 %) was the least preferred bio-craft item. Fishbein-Rosenberg model for customer importance rank of silk cocoon handicrafts characteristics revealed that single flowers with an importance coefficient of 0.708 was the most preferred followed by designed mud pots (0.587). Short inventory, quick turnover and consistent consumer demand for cocoon craft are the strengths of bio-craft units. Lack of skilled designers was the major constraint followed by too much hardship in sale of handicrafts.ThesisItem Open Access NDIRECT REGENERATION OF Japonica RICE (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica) VARIETIES AZUCENA AND MOROBEREKAN THROUGH ANTHER CULTURE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2015-12-01) AVINASH SHARMA; Ashok, T. H.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops of Southeast Asia, which feeds half of the world population. Anther culture is an efficient and convenient technique for rapid production of doubled haploids which are useful in crop breeding programs. Present study involved evaluation of two japonica rice varieties Azucena and Moroberekan cultured on 17 callus induction treatments on N6 medium and 19 regeneration treatments on MS medium. Highest callus induction frequency was observed in Azucena in treatment T4 (2, 4-D 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 1 mg L-1 ) (49.99 %) followed by Moroberekan in treatment T11 (2, 4-D 1 mg L-1 + NAA 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 ) (48.64 %). Highest shoot regeneration frequency was recorded in Azucena in treatment T10 (Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 + BAP 2 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (83.33 %) followed by Moroberekan in treatment T16 (Kinetin 2 mg L-1 + BAP 1 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (80.0 %). Plantlet regeneration did not occur in Azucena. Highest plantlet regeneration frequency was recorded in Moroberekan in treatment T16 (Kinetin 2 mg L-1 + BAP 1 mg L -1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (80.0 %) followed by in treatment T10 (Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 + BAP 2 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (55.55 %). These results suggest that growth regulators and their concentration, along with genotype have significant effect on callus induction and regeneration from anthers in rice.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF CROP ROTATION ON SOIL FAUNA IN ORGANIC FARMING ECOSYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2014-07-02) GOLIVE PRASANTHI; N. G. KUMARThe investigation on the impact of crop rotation on soil fauna in organic farming ecosystem was carried out at the ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, during 2013. Soil application of 20 tonnes of FYM/ha+introduction of native fauna recorded significantly higher soil mesofauna, soil total Acari, cryptostigmatids, other Acari, other invertebrates and macro fauna like ants and beetles compared to other treatments during the cropping season. The highest population of total soil mesofauna was noticed 105 days after germination. Application of 20t of FYM ha"' significantly increased the soil organic carbon content(0.82%), available phosphorous(68.80 Kg/ha), available potassium(314.36 Kg/ha), exchangeable calcium(6.58 meq/lOOg), exchangeable magnesium(3.58 meq/lOOg), microbial biomass carbon(l 10.90 pg /g), microbial biomass nitrogen(10.87 pg /g), Dehydrogenase (296.37pg TPF/ g soil). Acid phosphatase (32.57pg PNP/ g soil). Alkaline phosphatase (15.77pg PNP/ g soil) and urease(l 11.54pg NH4"'/ g soil) in the soil compared to recommended fertilizer alone treatment. The same treatment also recorded higher plant biomass, root biomass, Rhizobium nodulation and grain yield(16.01 q/ha) compared to recommended package practices (12.90 q/ha) and recommended fertilizer alone(11.48 q/ha). Soil mesofauna abundance recorded a significant positive relationship with available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, Dehydrogenase and urease. Abundance of mesofauna played an important role in the formation of available phosphorus, potassium. Ex calcium. Ex magnesium and alkaline phosphatase. Soil moisture and atmospheric minimum temperature showed significantly positive and negative relationship with the abundance of soil mesofauna. These factors together with rainfall exhibited significant influence on the abundance on the mesofauna(67%).ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE SELECTED FRUIT WASTES FOR THEIR NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANGALORE, 2016-03-23) MUKUL, M; CHANDRU, RFruit wastes (Pineapple, Jackfruit, Banana and Watermelon wastes) were collected from shops/roadside vendors in the city of Bengaluru and their nutritional composition, mineral content, dietary fiber and its properties were determined. Fruit wastes could be used as potential feedstuff for growing fishes; thereby this part of biodegradable municipal waste could be managed as alternative feedstuff in fish and other animal diets, reducing the amount of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills. Fish feeds were formulated with 50% Groundnut oil cake (GOC), 25% Rice Bran (RB) and different incorporation levels of fruit peels not exceeding 25% to get isocalorific value of 317.15 kcal per lOOg. To each of 50 grams of GOC and 25 grams of RB (Basal feed) the incorporation levels of test ingredients was calculated based on estimated energy levels and incorporated accordingly to obtain iso-calorific values. The composition was made 100% by incorporating Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) as inert filler. The fishes were fed for six days a week, twice daily and feeding was suspended on all Srmdays, during general holidays and on days when the weather conditions were unfavourable due to rain/continuous cloudiness. Sampling of fishes were conducted once in every ten days, which even checked the water quality along with the survival, growth and development of fishes. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the growth of fishes; in the pineapple peel followed by jackfruit rind and banana peel fortified feeds excluding control feed.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ENRICHED PHOSPHATIC SLUDGE APPLICATION ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF FIELD BEAN (Vicia faba L.) AND FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L.) CROPS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-12-27) MORAM, HARSITHA; PRAKASH, N. BCharacterization of enriched phosphatic sludge (EPS) revealed that, it contained high amounts of phosphorus (6.88 %) and organic carbon (11.50 %) with appreciable amounts of secondary and micro nutrients. In the incubation study, rate of release of major, secondary and micronutrients was higher in the treatment with EPS @ 1250 kg ha-1 over control. In the pot culture experiment, application of RDF + EPS @ 750 kg ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, dry matter production and nutrient uptake by above ground dry matter of finger millet at 60 DAS. Nutrient status (major, secondary and micro nutrients) was higher in treatment with RDF + EPS @ 1000 kg ha-1. Further, field experiments were conducted to study the effect of enriched phosphatic sludge (EPS) application on soil properties, growth, yield and quality of field bean and finger millet during 2015-16 in V.C. farm, Mandya, with 12 treatments replicated thrice by adopting RCBD design. Higher pod (9.45 q ha-1), stalk (23.14 q ha-1) yield and uptake of nutrients in field bean were recorded in treatment with RDF + EPS @ 750 kg ha-1. Higher grain (38.74 q ha-1), straw (43.0 q ha-1) yield and uptake of nutrients in finger millet was recorded with the application of EPS @ 750 kg ha-1 along with RDF. In case of finger millet and field bean, available nutrient status was improved in treatments which received RDF + EPS @ 1000 kg ha-1, RDF + EPS @ 750 kg ha-1 and RDF + FYM respectively. Economic analysis revealed that, higher B: C ratio was obtained in treatment RDF + FYM and followed by RDF + EPS @ 750 kg ha-1 in both field bean and finger millet crops.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF CHERRY TOMATO [Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray] UNDER OPEN FIELD AND POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS WITH VARIED LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTIGATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-12-27) ARSHAD; NARASE GOWDA, N.C.The investigation on “Performance of cherry tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray] under open and polyhouse conditions with varied levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertigation” was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore during summer 2017. There were 12 treatment combinations comprising of two growing conditions (open field and polyhouse), three levels of nitrogen (120, 150 and 180 kg N ha-1) and two levels of phosphorus (100 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) supplied through fertigation with recommended potassium (150 kg ha-1) as a common dose. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Result revealed that plant height and number of leaves per plant at 120 DAT (384.39 cm and 49.33 respectively), fresh and dry weights (3.00 kg and 446.51 g plant-1, respectively), nitrogen balance index (48.56), total leaf area per plant (6293 cm2), mean fruit weight (15.84 g), TSS content (6.30 ºB), shelf life (15.66 days) and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (181.41, 30.72 and 159.88 kg ha-1 respectively) were significantly higher under polyhouse condition with fertigation level of 180:120 kg N:P2O5 ha-1 (C1N3P2). However, significantly higher number of fruits per plant (316.63), yield per plant (4.46 kg), yield per hectare (78.16 t), Shelf life (15.66 days), net returns ha-1 (Rs.1294081) and cost benefit ratio (4.81) were observed under open field condition with fertigation level of 150:120 kg N: P2O5 ha-1 (C2N2P2). Further, it can be concluded from the study that application of 150:120 kg N: P2O5 ha-1 through fertigation under open field condition is profitable especially during summer season in the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) HYBRIDS FOR ABIOTIC STRESSES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-12-27) YASHASWINI., B; DEVARAJU, P. J.Sunflower seed production affected due to biotic and abiotic stresses. High drought and salinity are common environmental problems which affecting seed germination and plant growth especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Sunflower is an oilseed crop rated moderately salt and drought tolerant crop, but it is sensitive to salt and drought at germination and seedling stages. The effect of salt stress (NaCl) and water stress (PEG-6000), on germination and early seedling growth was studied KBSH-1, KBSH-41, KBSH-44 and KBSH-53 of sunflower hybrids. Among hybrids, highest germination and seedling emergence was observed in KBSH-44, while at -0.6 M Pa concentrations of PEG-6000 were found to be critical lethal dose for all the characters. Among hybrids, the highest germination and seedling emergence was observed in KBSH- 1, whereas increased salt concentration rendered in germination and seedling growth. Plant growth also decreased with increasing PEG concentrations. In addition, there were differences between the sunflower hybrids in terms of their response to drought and salinity. Among the hybrids, highest seed yield per plant was observed in KBSH-44 in PEG induced stress and the seed yield per plant found to be significant under non moisture stress condition than moisture stress conditions. Among the hybrids highest seed yield per plant was recorded in KBSH-1 (H1) in salinity stress.