Loading...
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
Browse
282 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access NDIRECT REGENERATION OF Japonica RICE (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica) VARIETIES AZUCENA AND MOROBEREKAN THROUGH ANTHER CULTURE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2015-12-01) AVINASH SHARMA; Ashok, T. H.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops of Southeast Asia, which feeds half of the world population. Anther culture is an efficient and convenient technique for rapid production of doubled haploids which are useful in crop breeding programs. Present study involved evaluation of two japonica rice varieties Azucena and Moroberekan cultured on 17 callus induction treatments on N6 medium and 19 regeneration treatments on MS medium. Highest callus induction frequency was observed in Azucena in treatment T4 (2, 4-D 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 1 mg L-1 ) (49.99 %) followed by Moroberekan in treatment T11 (2, 4-D 1 mg L-1 + NAA 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 ) (48.64 %). Highest shoot regeneration frequency was recorded in Azucena in treatment T10 (Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 + BAP 2 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (83.33 %) followed by Moroberekan in treatment T16 (Kinetin 2 mg L-1 + BAP 1 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (80.0 %). Plantlet regeneration did not occur in Azucena. Highest plantlet regeneration frequency was recorded in Moroberekan in treatment T16 (Kinetin 2 mg L-1 + BAP 1 mg L -1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (80.0 %) followed by in treatment T10 (Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 + BAP 2 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (55.55 %). These results suggest that growth regulators and their concentration, along with genotype have significant effect on callus induction and regeneration from anthers in rice.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DECOMPOSITION OF LEAF LITTER AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS OF Simarouba glauca AND Calophyllum inophyllum AGRO-FORESTRY TREE SPECIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-02-24) PRASANNA KUMARA, M; Hattappa, SField experiment, “Studies on decomposition of leaf litter and nutrient dynamics of Simarouba glauca and Calophyllum inophyllum agro-forestry tree species” was conducted at GKVK, Bengaluru and ARS Hassan during winter and summer 2014-15. The experiment comprising of sixteen treatments consisting of two tree species, two depths, two locations in two seasons, laid out in factorial RCBD with three replications. The leaf litter production quantified for two seasons during winter and summer (November to April 2015) in Simarouba and Calophyllum at two locations revealed that the highest leaf litter fall was recorded during winter in Simarouba (24.33 kg tree-1 month-1) and lowest in Calophyllum (2.7 kg tree-1 month-1) during summer. The microbial activities showed significant differences at 90 days after leaf litter decomposition in two tree species. The urease (102.09 μg NH4 -1 g-1 soil 2hr-1), DHA (112.6 μg TPF g-1 soil day-1) and phosphatase (29.2 and 23.3 μg PNP g-1 soil) activity was recorded highest in Simarouba plantation compared to Calophyllum plantation. The available soil nutrients were significantly higher at 90 days after leaf litter decomposition in Simarouba plantation (N-193.8 kg ha-1, P-32.6 kg ha-1, K-362.6 kg ha-1 and S-29.7 ppm) compared to Calophyllum plantation (N- 174.5 kg ha-1, P-25.6 kg ha-1, K-246.41 kg ha-1 and S-24 ppm), respectively. The Simarouba tree species litter had a higher initial nutrient content and released its nutrients faster with higher proportion than the Calophyllum tree thus significantly higher soil fertility was obtained in Simarouba agro-forestry system.ThesisItem Open Access BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF DEOILED CAKES OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica) and PONGAMIA (Pongamia pinnata)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-23) PRIYANKA, PRASAD; Balakrishna, GowdaBiogas is generated from the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes and is rapidly emerging means for providing continuous power generation. India produces a host of non-edible oils, which are essentially underutilized and can be used for bio-diesel. The seed cake after oil extraction can serve as a good feedstock for the generation of biogas. This study presents summary of results obtained in the anaerobic digestion of neem and pongamia oil cakes with different proportions of cow dung. The study revealed that pH of cow dung slurry in the beginning was 7.8, neem cake slurry 5.0 and pongamia cake 5.8, suggesting significant differences in pH among the bio-gas substrates used. Two months after anaerobic digestion, there was an increase in pH with increase in proportion of cow dung. However, there were no changes in EC in experiment. There was an increase in total-N and P in biogas spent slurry after anaerobic digestion. There was no definite trend with reference to total-K. There was decrease in organic matter content at the end of experiment in biogas slurry. The volatile solids also decreased in biogas substrates from the start of experiment to the end of anaerobic digestion. There was decrease in C: N at the end of the experiment. Significantly, very low C/N ratio was recorded in treatments 4:1 cowdung: neem cake and 1:1 cowdung: pongamia cake (3.24) at the end of 60 days. There was decrease in COD and volatile fatty acids at the end. The cumulative biogas for nine weeks was significant only cow dung (T1) (15755 cc) followed by 4:1 cow dung: neem cake (T7). This suggests, that oil cakes can serve as good feed stocks for biogas production.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR GENETICS OF STERILITY MOSAIC DISEASE (SMD) RESISTANCE IN PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-12) PRAKASH, G. PATIL; SHASHIDHAR, H. EThe present investigation was carried to understand the genetics of resistance to SMD in pigeonpea. Genetic variability was studied among 70 pigeonpea genotypes for twelve leaf morpho-anatomical traits. Analysis of variance and descriptive statistics revealed presence of higher variability for these traits. The traits such as trichome numbers, length on both surfaces of leaf and leaf chlorophyll content showed highest GCV, PCV, broad sense heritability, genetic advance for direct selection. Screening of 70 genotypes against Bengaluru isolate of SMD revealed, only two cultivars (ICPL 7035 and BRG 3) and 11 wild genotypes were resistant. Correlations study on extreme 23 resistant and susceptible genotypes revealed significant negative association of trichome numbers on both leaf surfaces with other leaf traits. While, significant positive correlation was observed for trichome lengths on both surfaces of leaf with leaf thickness. The specific leaf area, weight, trichome numbers and length on lower surface of leaf showed higher discrimination function in relation to per cent disease incidence. Biochemical analysis revealed all susceptible genotypes with higher mean protein content (15.96) compared to resistant genotypes (9.06). SSAP and TRAP markers were developed based on active retroelement CcRT8 and two R genes. SSR markers revealed BRG 3 and ICP 7035 were the best resistant donors. The frequency distribution graph of F6 84RIL population against SMD revealed platykurtic (Kurtosis= -0.019) and negatively skewed (Skewness= -1.124) suggesting involvement of two or more genes for resistance. Parental polymorphism revealed, out of 55 SSR primers 40 were polymorphic between ICP 8863 (S) × BRG 3(R). Through bulk segregant and single-marker analysis three markers viz., AHSSR 50150, AHSSR 34130 and AHSSR 20125 were found closely associated with SMD resistance and explaining 21, 8 and 6 per cent of phenotypic variations. The information generated will be very useful for resistance breeding in pigeonpea.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC IMPACT OF URBANISATION ON PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND AGRO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN PERI URBAN AND RURAL AREAS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-25) ROOPA, H. S.; Chinnappa Reddy, B. VThe present study was carried out with an overall objective of economic impact of urbanisation on rural and peri-urban farming household across irrigated and rainfed situations. Primary data were collected from 160 farmers, 80 each from rural (Ramanagara taluk) and peri-urban (Hoskote taluk) region. Among 80 farmers, 40 farmers each under rainfed and irrigated situation were considered. Time series data on area under all crop categories were considered for 26 years ( 1986 to 2012). Over the years, area under crop categories like cereals, pulses and oilseeds had shown negative growth rate, whereas perennials like coconut, mango and eucalyptus had shown positive growth rate. Agro ecosystem services such as fertility status and pollution factors influence agricultural land values to an extent of 20 to 25 per cent. Farmers in the peri-urban areas used urban and industrial waste contaminated water as source of irrigation and were able to realize additional net income of about Rs 28,425 per acre. Sample farmers viewed that the urbanisation had negative impact on men, women as they were losing interest in farm and allied activities and inculcated fancy towards the nearby urban areas, whereas they felt there was positive impact on children because of exposure to better education system. Urbanisation had negative impact on farming community as there was fear of encroachment . of agricultural lands,. non availability ·of labour for agricultural activities etc. Urbanisation had positive impact on landless labourers as there was ample job opportunities on farm and also on non-farm sectors. Sale proceedings of agricultural land revealed that investments on the real estate· (0.27) had fetched better returns, followed by investment on agricultural lands (0.20).ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) THROUGH MUTATION BREEDING(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-12) CHITTI, BHARATKUMAR; Nandini, RBambara groundnut (Vigna subterrnea L. (Verdc.) termed as a potential crop of future is said to have its origin in Africa. It is considered to be a completely balanced food rich in protein (25-28%) and quantitatively superior to other pulses due to essential amino acids methionine and lysine. The present investigation was undertaken to utilize mutation breeding to genetically improve the self pollinated underexploited protein rich crop. The objectives of the study include determination of LD50 value, genotypic sensitivity, effectiveness and efficiency of EMS and isolation of economically important lines in two varieties of Bambara groundnut SB-42 and S-165A.The seeds were treated with EMS concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 per cent. EMS concentration of 0.3 per cent was determined to be LD50 value for both the varieties. Comparing the mutagenic effect on various biological parameters S-165A was more sensitive than SB-42. At 0.3 per cent EMS concentration a higher number of chlorophyll mutations were recorded compared to other treatments. Morphological mutations in SB-42 were identified to be more than in the variety S-165A.In M1 generation a negative shift in plant height was observed per cent mean over control in all concentrations of EMS. In M2 generation, days to flowering, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, seed yield per plant and shelling percentage exhibited a higher per cent increase over control. Based on Chisquare test for yellow mosaic virus disease resistance, the resistance was governed by single recessive gene and mutant families F-91, F-94, F-35, F-92, F-105 in SB-42 and F- 9,F-86,F-1, F-7 and F-19 in S-165A families exhibited tolerance to yellow mosaic virus disease under natural conditions. Variability for characters like number of plants per plant, pod yield per plant and seed yield per plant in M3 generation was higher and mutant families F-62, F-82, F-105, F-35 in SB-42 and F-7, F-14, F-9, F-1 in S-165A recorded high yield, high protein and high methionine content.ThesisItem Open Access Transcriptional regulation to enhance drought tolerance in plants: Co-expression of AhBTF3, AhNF-YA7 and EcSAP-ZF in rice and characterization of novel regulator, EcTAF6 in model system(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-12) PARVATHI, M. SREEKUMAR; Nataraja, KarabaDrought adversely affects crop productivity in tropical countries. To improve crop drought tolerance, modern approaches like molecular breeding and/or transgenesis are used to pyramid traits. In this study, an attempt was made to manipulate transcriptional regulation by co-expressing three stress responsive transcriptional regulators (TRs), AhBTF3, AhNF-YA7 and EcSAP-ZF to enhance cellular tolerance under drought in rice. The putative transgenic plants tolerant to glyphosate were confirmed for transgene integration and expression. The T2 plants exhibited better growth performance under nonstress conditions compared to wild type. The superior stress response of transgenic lines was evidenced in excised leaf disc and seedling level assays under multiple abiotic stresses. The selected lines had better pollen viability and grain yield than wild type, post drought at reproductive stage. Superior T3 lines displayed enhanced tolerance to transcription and translation inhibition, and organellar stresses. Six promising lines have been forwarded to T4 generation for productivity analysis. Additionally, efforts were made to prospect novel TRs from dry-land crop, finger millet, by analysing a drought stressed leaf transcriptome data. This led to the identification and cloning of EcTAF6, a subunit of transcription pre-initiation complex. Expression analysis of TAF6 in finger millet and Brassica rapa revealed responsiveness to multiple stresses. Two splice variants of EcTAF6, probably resulting from alternative splicing, were discovered in stressed leaf cDNA. The functional characterisation of TAF6 by down regulation using Virus Induced Gene Silencing approach in Nicotiana benthamiana, and Arabidopsis attaf6 mutants demonstrated its relevance under stress. Transgenic Arabidopsis have been developed to over-express EcTAF6 which are to be evaluated further. This study, for the first time, indicated that TAF6 could be a key regulator in multiple stress response networks. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that basal transcriptional regulators can be the novel candidates for enhancing cellular tolerance of crops under drought conditions.ThesisItem Open Access STACKING OF UPSTREAM REGULATORY GENES TO CONFER ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-03) PATIL, MAHESH; Chandrashekara Reddy, PRice cultivation under aerobic condition has phenomenal relevance in terms of saving water. But reduced water availability and high VPD affecting crop growth and productivity. Thus it is important to improve adaptation of rice under aerobic condition by improving water relations and cellular level tolerance (CLT) mechanisms. Improving CLT to sustain cell metabolic activities has relevance under stress and among several CLT mechanisms, protein synthesis and stability are crucial. From this context, an attempt has been made to validate three regulatory genes i.e. Pg47 (Pennisetum glaucum 47, a RNA helicase), OseIF4E (Oryza sativa translational initiation factor 4E) and PgHSF4 (Pennisetum glaucum heat shock factor 4) involved in protein synthesis and protection in a model system tobacco. Transgenics expressing single and multigene cassette showed higher tolerance to diverse stresses viz. salinity, ER, heavy metal, drought and osmotic stress, besides showing enhanced expression of few stress responsive genes compared to wild type under stress. However, lines expressing multigene cassette showed superior phenotype and tolerance over lines expressing single genes with significantly higher protein content and lesser malondialdehyde level. This demonstrated the significance of co-expressing more than one stress specific genes/TFs over single gene. To improve adaptation of rice under semi-irrigated aerobic conditions rice transgenics co-expressing multigene cassette were developed in the background of AC39020 genotype having superior water relations. True transformants were identified based on glyphosate tolerance. The transgenics showed improved tolerance to salinity, ER and heavy metal stress apart from drought stress. Under drought stress, many promising transgenic lines showed reduced spikelet sterility and higher yield compared to wild type. The study provides proof of concept that maintaining efficient translation and protein protection improves CLT and transgenic is a potential option to combine or pyramid the relevant traits to improve field level tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FYM AND BIODIGESTER LIQUID MANURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF IRRIGATED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-02) PRADEEPA, PATEEL, G; Shankaralingappa, B. CA field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Kathalagere (Davanagere District, Karnataka) during rabi, 2010 to study the effect of FYM and biodigester liquid manure (BDLM) on growth and yield of irrigated sunflower and soil nutrient status after harvest of the crop. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments involving combination of different levels of FYM (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 t ha-1) and BDLM equivalent to 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1 along with recommended FYM + recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and RDF alone. The experiment was laid out in randomized completely block design with three replications. The application of FYM at 10 t + BDLM equivalent to 100 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher achene yield of sunflower (2333 kg ha-1), oil content (39.37 %), oil yield (918.57 kg ha-1), uptake of N, P, K by sunflower (118.52, 23.84 and 111.84 kg ha-1, respectively), net returns (` 42829 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.40) than application of RDF alone (1108 kg ha-1 achene yield, 31.44 % oil content, 348.4 kg ha-1 oil yield, uptake of 56.77 kg N, 6.78 kg P and 45.49 kg K ha-1, ` 18701 ha-1 net returns with B:C ratio of 2.85), but was on par with application of FYM at 7.5 t + BDLM equivalent to 100 kg N ha-1 and FYM at 7.5 t ha-1 + RDF. Availability of N, P and K in the soil after harvest of sunflower was lower with the application of RDF alone. Significantly higher soil bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population were observed with application of FYM at 10 t + BDLM equivalent to 100 kg N ha-1 than with application of RDF alone.