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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF CROP ROTATION ON SOIL FAUNA IN ORGANIC FARMING ECOSYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2014-07-02) GOLIVE PRASANTHI; N. G. KUMARThe investigation on the impact of crop rotation on soil fauna in organic farming ecosystem was carried out at the ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, during 2013. Soil application of 20 tonnes of FYM/ha+introduction of native fauna recorded significantly higher soil mesofauna, soil total Acari, cryptostigmatids, other Acari, other invertebrates and macro fauna like ants and beetles compared to other treatments during the cropping season. The highest population of total soil mesofauna was noticed 105 days after germination. Application of 20t of FYM ha"' significantly increased the soil organic carbon content(0.82%), available phosphorous(68.80 Kg/ha), available potassium(314.36 Kg/ha), exchangeable calcium(6.58 meq/lOOg), exchangeable magnesium(3.58 meq/lOOg), microbial biomass carbon(l 10.90 pg /g), microbial biomass nitrogen(10.87 pg /g), Dehydrogenase (296.37pg TPF/ g soil). Acid phosphatase (32.57pg PNP/ g soil). Alkaline phosphatase (15.77pg PNP/ g soil) and urease(l 11.54pg NH4"'/ g soil) in the soil compared to recommended fertilizer alone treatment. The same treatment also recorded higher plant biomass, root biomass, Rhizobium nodulation and grain yield(16.01 q/ha) compared to recommended package practices (12.90 q/ha) and recommended fertilizer alone(11.48 q/ha). Soil mesofauna abundance recorded a significant positive relationship with available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, Dehydrogenase and urease. Abundance of mesofauna played an important role in the formation of available phosphorus, potassium. Ex calcium. Ex magnesium and alkaline phosphatase. Soil moisture and atmospheric minimum temperature showed significantly positive and negative relationship with the abundance of soil mesofauna. These factors together with rainfall exhibited significant influence on the abundance on the mesofauna(67%).ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF CARBON FOOTPRINT OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF KARNATAKA AND AFGHANISTAN(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2014-02-15) PARDIS; DEVAKUMAR, A. S.One of the biggest challenges of the twenty first century is global climate change, which is due to increase in the G H G ’s (green house gases) concentration in the atmosphere. Agriculture is one of the most important causes o f global warming. It contribute both by decreasing carbon sink in the form of clearing forest and also acts as source by consuming products which are o f fossil origin. In order to contemplate measures to reduce carbon emission from agriculture sector, a clear knowledge o f sources that contribute for emission is a fundamental requirement. In this direction the present study is conducted. occurring from the agriculture sectors o f Karnataka, India and Afghanistan respectively. This is relatively less compared to other countries like China and Canada. The reason for such low values is less use of fossil fuel in farm operations in Karnataka and Afghanistan. Among the fossil fuel based inputs used in, inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers contribute 72 and 76% respectively in these two agriculture systems. In Karnataka crops grown under irrigated system release more carbon equivalents compared to unirrigated agriculture and among the two major cropping seasons Kharif season’s carbon foot print is more than Rabi crops. Among the major crops studied, carbon foot print of Paddy was found to be highest and least was in case of Bajra. The sustainability o f current system of agricultural practices of in terms of input to output ratios for all the crops studied was good except for Sunflower grown under unirrigated conditions. This can be further enhances if the soil conditions are improved further by following the recommended cultivation practices. Even though the carbon foot print of Paddy is least compared to other countries, there are possibilities reduce further by adopting aerobic system of cultivation. It was found that about 5.90 and 0.85 TgCE/year isThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENT STATUS IN SOILS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2014-08-15) DIVYASHREE, K. J.; MUNIRAJAPPA, R.In the present study an attempt is made to know the effect of nutrient status on yield of ragi and paddy crops. Taluk wise secondary data on the soil parameters viz., pH, EC, OC, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn and B content for Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban and Ramanagaram districts were collected for the period 2007-2013. Per centdeficiency in Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B from 1998-2013 were collected for all districts of Karnataka. The data on productivity of paddy and ragi from 1998-2009 were collected for major growing districts of Karnataka. The descriptive statistics showed that soils of Nelamangala taluk had highest pH and Bangalore north had highest in rest of the nutrients. P and Fe were maximum in Magadi and Bangalore East. Correlation among nutrients showed that P, K, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and B were positively related with pH. Further, OC and EC were positively significantly related with P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn. With respect to deficiency in Fe, Mn and B positive significant trend were noticed in majority of the districts. While, deficiency in Zn and Cu were noticed in few of the districts. A multiple regression analysis on availability of Zn and B on the productivity of paddy and ragi showed that these nutrients were insufficient for enrichment of the soil.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MARKETING BEHAVIOUR OF WHEAT AND TOMATO GROWERS IN DHARWAD DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2014-08-10) JAHANGIRALI, M.; NARASIMHA, N.The marketing problems of perishable and non-perishable crop growers are numerous. The present study was carried out to know the marketing behaviour of wheat and tomato growers in Dharwad district of Karnataka. This study revealed that a larger number of wheat growers were of middle aged (80.00%), educated up to high school (30.00%), having nuclear family (75.00%), less farming experience (43.33%) and medium level of other socio economic characteristics. A considerable number of tomato growers were of middle aged (71.66%), studied up to high school (26.66%), having nuclear family (65.00%), less farming experience (38.33%) and medium level of other personal and socio economic characteristics. Majority (51.67%) of wheat growers sell their produce after three months and all the tomato growers sell their produce immediately after harvest. More than 50.00 per cent of the wheat growers marketed the produce to traders, while, 40.00 per cent of the tomato growers marketed the produce to commission agents, 53.33 per cent of the wheat growers marketed their produce at APMC. Whereas, 38.33 per cent of the tomato growers marketed their produce at village itself. Majority (66.66%) of wheat growers and 61.66 per cent of the tomato growers got market price information from the source like others who visited to market. Considerable percentage (40.00%) of wheat growers and 38.33 per cent of the tomato growers belongs to medium level of marketing knowledge category. Major problems faced by wheat and tomato growers are fluctuation in market price and high cost of transportation.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON AGROBIODIVERSITY: A STUDY IN BANGALORE RURAL URBAN CONGLOMERATE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2014-08-05) MOHAMMAD NAZIM, SAKANDARI; HATTAPPA, S.Biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and ecosystems. Agroforestry is considered to be promising alternative to conventional agriculture that can both conserve bio-diversity and support local livelihoods and sequester atmospheric carbon. Multiple cropping systems may be particularly important for conservation of biodiversity, especially species of conservation concern. Here, I examined whether multiple cropping system supports higher diversity of species compared to mono-cropping. Our results clearly indicate that multiple cropping systems support higher biodiversity including a majority of native and naturalized species. Such cropping systems could be effectively used as alternative measure in conserving the native species. In turn, this higher diversity also supports the farming community for their additional livelihood supplement. Girth class distribution clearly indicates, that biodiversity is not perpetuating in the region. That means, further recruitment is not taking place due to the over exploitation of saplings for poles and other ingredients for agricultural implements in the region. Most of the trees were in lower height class distribution category indicating that there is an intense pressure on natural vegetation in the agriculture landscapes.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFY CHEMICAL METHOD TO REDUCE TOXICITY OF GLYPHOSATE IN CROP PLANTS – MAIZE AND SOYBEAN(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2014-08-15) SANGH SHARAT, CHANDRA; Devendra, R.Accidental application of glyphosate or to save the endangered species in forest flora and fauna from glyphosate is an important issue. Glyphosate is an ideal herbicide and divalent cations viz., Fe, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Mn act as chelating agents which are present in hard water and thus reduce the efficacy of glyphosate. Divalent cations bind to glyphosate and thus make glyphosate not available for penetration, translocation and reduces the concentration at the site of action. Attempts were made to identify, efficient concentration, time of application of best anti-glyphosate agents in reducing the efficacy of glyphosate in corn and soybean plants. Amongst anti-glyphosate agents viz., sulphates of Fe, Zn and Ca, FeSO4 at 1 % that is 3 h after glyphosate spray show to reduce glyphosate efficacy in terms of higher total chlorophyll and more biomass of maize compared to glyphosate alone but less than control plants. Maize seed priming with FeSO4 (0.5 %) has negated the effect of 0.33 Kg a.i ha-1 glyphosate. However such an effect was not observed in soybean. Soybean seems to be more sensitive than maize. In different source of water Fe++ content was least concentrated than Zn, Mg, Ca and much less than effective concentration needed for antiglyphosate action. Negating effect of glyphosate by Fe++ cations was observed in maize for a short period of ten days.ThesisItem Open Access SURVEY FOR PREVALENCE OF TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS (ToLCV) STRAINS IN KARNATAKA AND IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE SOURCE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2014-08-12) EHSANULLAH; RANGASWAMY, K. T.Tomato Leaf curl virus disease is a major constraint in tomato cultivation in Karnataka. Survey conducted during 2013-14 to assess the incidence / prevalence of leaf curl virus and its strains on tomato in major tomato growing districts of Karnataka, revealed the occurrence of the disease incidence ranging from 10.8 to 91.3 per cent. Among the districts surveyed, highest disease incidence of 70.81% was recorded in Kolar and least incidence of 21.00% was recorded in Ramanagara districts. Among all the varieties /hybrids grown, the maximum infection was observed in Arka Vikas and the least infection was recorded in Rashmi. Of the 87 ToLCV infected tomato samples tested by PCR ( to assess the prevalence of five strains of ToLCV) using species specific primers, only three species viz, tomato leaf curl Karnataka (ToLCKV), tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus (ToLCBV) and tomato leaf curl Kolar (ToLCKoV) were detected. Two strains of the virus viz, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV) were not detected in any of the samples collected from surveyed areas. In Chikkaballapura district, two species of the virus (viz, tomato leaf curl Karnataka (ToLCKV) and tomato leaf curl Bangalore (ToLCBV) were detected. Out of the 100 tomato lines tested for their resistance against ToLCV (Bans4), seven lines viz, EC-077160, EC -771615, L-00887, EC-676730, EC-608443, EC- 771590 and LA-0369 showed resistant reaction both under field as well as glasshouse conditions. Thirty two genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Validation of anthracnose [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Scribner] resistance specific micro satellite markers in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) parental lines and development of trait specific mapping population(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2014-08-15) ASHWATHAPPA, C.; SHYAMALAMMA, SFrench bean is one of the most important legume, next to chickpea grown extensively in Asian countries. It is a popular vegetable and dry seeds are used as pulse. It is rich in protein, calcium and vitamins. It is a short duration crop grown in Kharif and Rabi seasons. It is prone to several abiotic and biotic stresses among them the fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Scribner. is the major one causing severe yield loss up to 40-50%. Thus a study on development of mapping populations between the two popular French bean varieties Jwala and Kanchana (susceptible varieties) and three resistant lines (L-line, D-line, EC500641) was carried out. The F1 and F2 populations were developed from the above parental lines, further they were screened using twelve SSR markers, out of which three (PVatcc001, PH7B3 and PVag001) SSR markers were polymorphic for the parental lines. Thus they were used to confirm the true F1 hybrids and F2 populations resistant to anthracnose and the markers could differentiate susceptible and resistant populations. Thus the above three markers can be effectively used in studies to confirm mapping populations developed for anthracnose resistance.ThesisItem Open Access IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF PAPAYA RING SPOT DISEASE OF Carica papaya L. USING THE RECOMBINANT PRSV COAT PROTEIN(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2014-08-12) ROHINI BHAT, V.; ANITHA, PETERPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most widely grown fruits in the tropics and subtropics. The production of this economically important fruit crop is being limited because of the destructive disease caused by papaya ring spot virus (PRSV). Prevention of spreading of disease is the best strategy to overcome the loss of yield. This can be achieved by diagnosis of latent infection. Immunodiagnosis is one of the most preferred techniques to achieve this. Coat Protein (CP) is one of most important protein of PRSV having the functions of encapsidation, assisting viral RNA amplification, virus movement both cell-to-cell and long distance, and aphid transmission. RT-PCR of PRSV CP gene using gene specific primers resulted in amplification of ~950bp fragment. The isolated PRSV CP gene was transformed and expressed in E. coli DH5α strain. The expressed coat protein of ~ 35 kDa was isolated and purified to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbit system. DIBA and plate ELISA were standardized for expressed crude PRSV CP, expressed purified PRSV CP and also for the detection of PRSV in infected plant extract. Immunoblotting of antigen with standardized antibody dilution confirmed the specificity and reactivity of PCAb raised against PRSV CP.