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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Unknown POTENTIAL OF AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE FARMERS IN TUMKUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2009-10-09) MOULASAB; D. NANJAPPANo AbstractThesisItem Open Access Molecular Characterization and Expression of Coat Protein and Movement protein of Tobacco Streak Virus Infecting Crop Plants(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2009-09-16) USHA RANI T.R.; Dr. T. H. AshokNo AbstractThesisItem Unknown STUDIES ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION UNDER DIFFERENT FOREST TREE PLANTATIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-02) PARASHURAM CHANDRAVANSHI; Dr.(Mrs.) L. SUSEELA DEVINo AbstractThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF INSECT PESTS AND BOMBYX MORI L. TO MULBERRY GENOTYPES AND ENRICHMENT OF MULBERRY LEAVES FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY OF COCOON AND SILK(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-09-20) BABU, T.; ASHOK KUMAR, C. T.In the present investigation18 insects pests were recorded on mulberry; further, the seasonal occurrence and damages caused to four mulberry genotypes namely V1, S36, S54 and Mysore local by insect pests such as wingless grasshopper (Neoorthacris acuticeps nilgriensis Uvarov), Bihar hairycaterpillar (Spilosoma obliqua Walker), leaf-roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis Hampson), spiralling whitefly (Alerodicus disperses Russell), pink mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) and thrips (Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa) were studied. The wingless grasshopper was most active during rainy season. The activity was least during winter and summer on V1; Bihar hairy caterpillar occurs in more numbers from April to September. Infestation of leaf-roller was severe during winter months, moderate in rainy seasons, while mild in summer on all varieties at all locations. The incidence of spiralling white fly, mealy bug and thrips incidence was noticed on all mulberry varieties throughout the year at all locations with varying degrees. The varieties/genotypes exhibited significant differences in respect of nutrient contents at all the growth periods and maturity levels. The tested mulberry varieties (V1, S54, S36 and Mysore local) recorded maximum leaf moisture, moisture retention capacity and highest protein content at 30 and 45 days growth periods of tender leaves, which gradually declined with increased maturity level and advancement of growth period and V1 showed better nutrient parameters followed by S54, S36 and Mysore Local. All the races (G and PM; CSR2 and NB4D2; CSR2 X CSR4 and CSR18 X CSR12) tested for enrichment of mulberry leaves for enhanced productivity of cocoons and silk, showed good performance on feed additives with respect to the quantitative traits of silkworm. Silkworms fed with calcium at 1:10 showed maximum improvement with respect to larval weight, pupal weight, shell weight, silk productivity, filament length, denier, fibroin and ERR followed by ascorbic acid at 1:10 ratio for polyvoltine, bivoltine and hybrid races with lower disease incidence. The cost benefit ratio without new feed additive (NEWFA) was 1:21 while the same with NEWFA was 1:3. This may benefit sericulturists as well as researchers to increase cocoon and silk yield.ThesisItem Unknown STUDIES ON VARIETAL CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) PRASHANTH, Y.; RAMA PRASANNA, K. P.Varietal identification and use of specific markers for ensuring genetically pure seed to reach the cultivar has been assuming critical importance in seed industry and agricultural research and development. In the present study 24 chilli cultivars were characterized based on morphological, chemical, biochemical and molecular markers, which serves as distinct identification marker and also intend to assess cultivar diversity. Among the 29 quantitative and 41 qualitative morphological traits studied, hypocotyl colour, hypocotyl pubescence, stem colour, stem length to first bifurcation, stem diameter, branching habit, tillering habit, anther colour, fruit colour at intermediate and maturity stage, fruit shape at pedicel and blossom end, neck at the base of the fruit, fruit length, fruit width, pedicel length, dry fruit weight, 1000 seed weight and seed size could be efficiently utilized for distinguishing the chilli cultivars. Seasonal variations were observed for most of the quantitative characters, while none of the qualitative characters were influenced by the season. Significantly taller and wider plant, longer and wider leaves, longer and broader fruits, heavier and larger seeds were noticed in Kharif than in summer season. However, none of the traits individually could distinguish all the 24 cultivars. Hence, keys based on a set of morphological traits were developed, which was able to distinguish all the cultivars. The studied cultivars did not respond to phenol, modified phenol, NaOH or KOH colour reaction but responded significantly for the exogenous application of GA3, and Kinetin based on which the cultivars could be grouped into different categories, while 2, 4-D at 10 ppm concentration was found to be too toxic for the seeds to produce normal seedlings. Protein marker was able to identify all the twenty four cultivars and can be employed effectively for identification of chilli cultivars, either by presence or absence of bands or with intensity of bands. Malate dehydrogenase isozyme marker gave very little polymorphism and was found to be of little help for characterization studies in chilli cultivars. RAPD markers were found to be an effective tool compared to protein and morphological markers in differentiating the chilli cultivars. Out of the twenty-decamer RAPD primers, ten primers produced polymorphic bands for the studied cultivars. Primers viz., OPAC-07, OPAC-02, OPAC-04, OPAC-5 and OPAC-11 were found to be most efficient in generating polymorphic bands and distinguishing the cultivars. Finally the clusters developed using the morphological, protein and molecular markers assisted in identifying the extent of variation between closely related cultivars. The study has generated some important morphological traits, protein marker and molecular markers that can be effectively employed in distinguishing the chilli cultivars.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN COLEUS (Coleus forskohlii Briq.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-10-15) RAVIKUMAR, M.; VENKATESHA, J.Investigations on integrated nutrient management studies in coleus were carried out during kharif season of 2006 and 2007 at Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi located under Western dry zone of Karnataka. In the first experiment, combined application of RD FYM + RD NPK + neem cake + AZT + AZP (T16) recorded significantly higher values for growth parameters, number of tuberous roots per plant (16.43), length of tuberous roots (11.70 cm), girth of tuberous roots (1.71 cm), fresh and dry weight of tuberous roots per plant (211.17 g and 35.00 g, respectively) and per hectare (8.51 t and 1.41 t, respectively), forskolin content (0.62%), maximum total uptake of nitrogen (123.79 kg/ha), phosphorus (58.93 kg/ha) and potassium (163.90 kg/ha), net income (Rs. 22,964.50) and cost : benefit ratio (1 : 1.48). In the second experiment, plants provided with RD NPK + RD FYM + AZT + PSB + VAM (T11) recorded significantly higher values for growth parameters, number of tuberous roots per plant (12.57), length of tuberous roots (12.26 cm), girth of tuberous roots (1.64 cm), fresh and dry weight of tuberous roots per plant (277.50 g and 39.39 g, respectively) and per hectare (11.27 t and 1.60 t), forskolin content (0.76%), highest nitrogen (115.83 kg/ha), phosphorus (49.59 kg/ha) and potassium (151.55 kg/ha) uptake, maximum net income (Rs. 39,064.50) and cost : benefit ratio (1 : 1.95). Thus, based on the growth, yield, quality and C : B ratio, it could be inferred that application of RD NPK + RD FYM + AZT + PSB + VAM can be adopted by the coleus growers in the western dry zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Unknown CHARACTERIZATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) GERMPLASM THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-10) MUKUND, SHIRAGUR.; KUMAR, D. P.Flowers and flowering plants have been a fascinating part of our life. Among them chrysanthemums are the most interesting and oldest ornamental flower crops in the world. In India, it is considered as traditional flower and used for religious offerings, garden display and for making garlands. In the recent years it is preferred particularly due to the wide range of shapes and size of flowers, brilliance of colour tones, long lasting floret life and diversity in the gene pool. Thus, an attempt was made to study genetic diversity in 42 selected chrysanthemum genotypes employing morphological and molecular markers. Based on morphological traits, it is revealed that the genotypes were not clearly grouped as separate cluster by morphological dendrogram and PCA. This may be due to less number of morphological traits considered for the study. In chrysanthemum, identification of the phenotypes is still based on morphological characters. However, many of them cannot be readily distinguished by morphological indices, particularly if they are closely related. Further more, phenotype identification based on morphological traits is subject to environmental variation. The genetic diversity of chrysanthemum, as reveled by PCA and dendrogram generated by RAPD markers, it was evident that genotypes were comparatively less diverse (11 %). This could be partly attributed that the RAPD markers could not amplify more number of loci per primer. Using nine EcoRI and MseI adapter specific primer combinations generated the AFLP fingerprint. The primer combination E- GAC/M-TAA and E- GTA/M- TCG gave the best polymorphism for most of the genotypes. The dendrogram drawn for these 42 genotypes gave grouping of various genotypes. They were grouped into two major clusters. Major cluster-I consisting of only the genotypes developed at IIHR, Bangalore and major cluster-II includes the other genotypes collected from different parts of India. The genetic distance values ranged from 17 to 114 suggesting a higher genetic variation within the chrysanthemum genotypes. The highest dissimilarity per cent was observed between the accessions ‘Fitonia’ and ‘Usha Kiran’ which were collected from distinct sources. The PCA diagram also gave clear-cut grouping of 42 germplasm. The present study clearly reflects the utility of AFLPs in fingerprinting and estimation of genetic diversity within genotypes. From the studies it was found that genetic variation among selected chrysanthemum genotypes was high. The genetic distance information can be for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and for the identification of diverse parents for use in hybridization programme.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLUE CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-08-25) HUSSAIN, ALMAHASNEH.; GANESH BABU, M. S.Field experiments were carried out on red loamy sand soil of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Navile, Shimoga, Karnataka during kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007. The investigation involved two field experiments and one pot culture experiment. In experiment-1, eight treatments were tried in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of integrated nutrient management in FCV tobacco to improve leaf yield and quality. In experiment-2, twelve treatments were tried in RCBD with three replications to study the effect of organic production of FCV tobacco for improving the quality of tobacco leaves. In experiment-3 (pot culture experiment), ten treatments were tried in CRD with three replications to study nutrient release pattern in the soil under integrated nutrient management and organic FCV tobacco production. In experiment-1, pooled data of two years indicated that 50% recommended N through neem cake and 50 % through inorganic fertilizers recorded the highest green leaf yield (10,150 kg ha-1), cured leaf yield (1416 kg ha-1) and top grade equivalent yield (785 kg ha-1). All the treatments recorded acceptable limits of chemical quality parameters. However, application of 50% recommended N through neem cake and 50% through inorganic fertilizers recorded the highest phosphorus, potassium and reducing sugars, lowest chloride and nicotine content in 'X' and 'L' position leaves. In experiment-2, pooled data of two years indicated that recommended NPK and 12.5 t ha-1 FYM (package of practices) recorded the highest cured leaf yield (1340 kg ha-1) and top grade equivalent yield (775 kg ha-1) and was on par with 100% recommended N through vermicompost + maize stover + Azotobacter + PSB (1275 kg ha-1 cured leaf yield and 742 kg ha-1 top grade equivalent yield). However, application of 100% recommended N through vermicompost + maize stover + Azotobacter + PSB recorded the highest potassium and reducing sugars content, lowest chloride and nicotine content of 'X' and 'L' position leaves. In pot culture experiment, data clearly indicated that application of neem cake along with inorganic fertilizers under integrated nutrient management practices and vermicompost and maize stover along with biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) under organic farming practices of FCV tobacco help in release of nutrients steadily and make it available to the plants during crop growth period.ThesisItem Unknown IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGANTS FOR YIELD AND INTROGRESSION OF LONG SLENDER GRAIN IN TO RICE (Oryza sativa L.) SUITABLE FOR AEROBIC CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-03-20) MANOHARA, K. K.; SHASHIDHAR, H. E.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most water demanding crop and are largely grown under irrigated conditions. Attempts to grow rice under aerobic conditions, which demand less water, are quite successful elsewhere. However, the qualities of the grains of the lines developed for aerobic conditions were of medium bold, thus hindering its acceptability at the farmer’s level. Present investigation lays emphasis on identification of transgressants for grain yield and fine-grain type in three segregating populations of rice derived from the crosses viz., BI 43 x IRRI 49, BI 27 x IRRI 49 and BI 43 x IRRI 14 in the farmer’s field. All the characters exhibited wide variability in the segregating generations. High PCV and GCV estimates, high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent mean were recorded by number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grains per panicle, per cent fertility, straw yield per plant and grain yield. Plant height, number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, L/B ratio, harvest index and straw yield per plant manifested significant and positive association with grain yield in segregating generations in all the three crosses. Path coefficient analysis revealed that selection for characters viz., number of productive tiller per plant, harvest index and straw yield per plant will be effective for obtaining high yielding lines as these characters recorded high direct effect on grain yield in both F2 and F3 generations. High frequencies of transgressants for grain yield and fine-grain type were recovered in both F2 and F3 generations. More number of transgressants were produced from BI 43 x IRRI 14 compared to other two crosses in F2 generations, while, BI 43 x IRRI 49 produced more number of transgressants compared to the cross BI 27 x IRRI 49 in F3 generations. Intergeneration correlation coefficients between F2 and F3 were positive and significant for almost all the characters except for plant height and days to fifty per cent flowering indicating additive gene action governing such characters. Hence, performance of the plants in F2 generation is a reliable indicator of the performance of its progeny in subsequent generations.