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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.

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Subject: Sericulture × Start date: 2023 ×
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    EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL MANURES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MULBERRY AND REARING PERFORMANCE OF SILKWORM (Bombyx mori L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-15) MEGHANA, G. M.; S. CHANDRASHEKHAR
    An experiment was conducted at Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, during 2021-2022. Results of the experiment revealed that application of sheep manure equivalent to 150 % N ha-1 recorded significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and organic carbon (310.46, 68.58, 290.1 kg ha-1 and 0.76 %), respectively in Victory-1 variety mulberry garden soil. Same treatment recorded higher plant growth parameters such as plant height (141.6 cm), number of shoots plant-1 (27.4), number of leaves plant-1 (332.1) and leaf area (162.8 cm2), at 60 DAP. Leaf yield (70.26 t/ha/year), leaf quality parameters like total chlorophyll, crude protein, carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents at 45 DAP (2.93mg/g, 19.75, 11.79, 9.70, 3.16, 0.33 and 2.19 %), respectively. Further significantly higherrearing parameters of PM × CSR2 and FC1 × FC2 such as fifth instar larval weight (26.24, 44.85 g/10 larvae), single cocoon weight (2.33, 2.52 g), single pupal weight (1.90, 1.93 g), single cocoon shell weight (0.383, 0.588 g), cocoon shell ratio (16.74, 23.29 %), single cocoon filament length (969, 1579.33 m) were recorded in silkworms fed mulberry leaves produced from sheep manure equivalent to 150 % N ha-1. Treatment like control recorded higher B:C ratio in both PM × CSR2 and FC1 × FC2 cocoon production.
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    PERFORMANCE OF BIVOLTINE SEED CROP ON GRADED LEVEL OF NUTRIENTS IN TREE MULBERRY
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-02) ASHISH, S. KARUR; C. DORESWAMY
    “Performance of bivoltine seed crop on graded level of nutrients in tree mulberry” was carried out during 2022 in Krishi Vignana Kendra, Haradanahalli Farm Chamarajanagara to find out the right combination of nutrients required to attain maximum yield. The results revealed that, the plants applied with 40 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN recorded higher number of shoots/plant (24.45), number of leaves/shoot (42), shoot length (214.52 cm), plant height (416.83 cm), yield/plant (2.64 kg), moisture percentage (76.80 percent), moisture retention capacity (93.30 per cent), crude protein (20.33 per cent), chlorophyll ‘a’ (1.57 mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (1.03 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (2.57 mg/g). Among FC1 and FC 2 silkworm breeds reared, FC 2 breed has performed better on application of 40 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN. Significantly maximum larval weight (43.67 g/10 larvae), single cocoon weight (2.20 g), pupal weight (1.80 g), average filament length (1320.07 m) and filament weight (0.35g) were recorded. The plants applied with 20 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN recorded highest cocoon shell ratio (26.50 per cent) and denier (3.35) in FC 2 breed. With regard to Grainage parameters, silkworms fed with the plants applied with 40 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN recorded highest pupation rate (97.80 per cent), moth emergence percentage (94.27 per cent), fecundity (641.61 eggs) and hatchability (95.28 per cent). Maximum net returns (Rs. 3,31,542) and B:C ratio (3.59) was recorded in tree mulberry applied with 20 T FYM/ha/yr + 125 % RDF + Foliar spray of POSHAN.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL BIOMOLECULES OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS ON BmNPV AND ASSOCIATED BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN Bombyx mori L.
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-08) ANITHARANI, K. V.; R. N. BHASKAR
    Flacherie is a serious disease of silkworm caused due to bacteria and virus. To manage this disease several chemical based bed disinfectants are being used, which leave residual toxicity in rearing bed and are not found eco-friendly. In view of these constraints, botanicals with antimicrobial biomolecules could be found as an alternative to control flacherie. Biomolecules found in the medicinal plants were estimated and separated from Adhatoda vasica and Phyllanthus niruri. The alkaloids, phenols, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates and flavonoids were found maximum in methanolic extract of P. niruri (10.08, 14.36, 401.19, 38.30, 52.01 and 64.83 g/g) followed by A. vasica compared to aqueous extracts. Further, methanolic (7.50 and 8.11 mm) and phenolic extracts (9.23 and 9.40 mm) of P. niruri exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus sciuri at 10-7 dilution on 24 and 48 hours of incubation. Further, the methanolic extract of P. niruri was recorded maximum larval, biochemical and cocoon parameters in healthy and pathogen (BmNPV and S. sciuri) inoculated silkworms (PM×CSR2). Among biomolecules, phenols of P. niruri administered to silkworms recorded higher protein, lipid, carbohydrate and trehalose (23.35, 1.11, 29.83 and 18.13., 28.67, 1.23, 31.90 and 21.14 mg/ml) content. Furthermore, the maximum larval weight (27.76 and 26.78 g/10), minimum larval duration (26.90 and 26.07 days), mortality (8.00 and 7.00 %) and maximum ERR (91.33 and 92.67 %) were recorded in phenols administered silkworms. The cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio, filament length, NBFL and denier (1.56, 0.243 g, 15.81 %, 797.63, 670.69 m and 2.39., 1.56, 0.258 g, 16.60 %., 865.13, 865.13 m and 2.21) were also found maximum in phenols of P. niruri administered pathogen inoculated silkworms followed by tannins and alkaloids in both fourth and fifth instars.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF MULBERRY ROOT ROT CAUSING FUNGI FROM SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF KARNATAKA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
    (2023-02-06) NAVEEN CHANDRA REDDY; RAMAKRISHNA NAIKA
    Root rot is an important disease of mulberry caused by fungal pathogens and leads to considerable leaf yield loss. The survey conducted in eight districts of Southern Karnataka revealed maximum root rot incidence in Mysore district (35.22%) and was minimum in Kolar district (8.12%). The symptoms produced by Fusarium solani were yellowing, withered leaves and stunted growth with black discoloration of xylem vessels. Whereas, Macrophomina phaseolina and Lasiodiplodia theobromae infected plants showed complete withering, sudden death of plants and failed to sprout after pruning. The fungus F. solani produced micro and macro conidia and chlamydospores whereas, M. phaseolina produced pycnidial bodies and L. theobromae produced brown to black colour single septate spore. Further, these pathogens were proved with Koch’s postulates and confirmed by molecular characterization using ITS primers. The PDA, oat meal and Richard’s agar media were found best for growth of these pathogens. Colony colours varied from white, greyish white and black colour in L. theobromae, M. phaseolina and white to yellow and pinkish in F. solani. Fluffy growth with serrated margins was observed in all the three pathogens. The temperature of 25o to 30oC and pH of 7.0 were found best for growth of these fungi. The fungicides viz., Captan, Tebuconozole, Propiconozole and Carbendazim 12 % + Mancozeb 63 % WP, bio agents viz., Trichoderma viride (TV – B2) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs - M) and garlic extract among botanicals were found most effective against these fungal pathogens under laboratory conditions. February, 2023
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    HETEROSIS FOR GROWTH, LEAF YIELD, BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN HYBRIDS OF MULBERRY (Morus spp.) AND REARING PERFORMANCE OF SILKWORM Bombyx mori L.
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-01-30) LOHITHASHWA, K.M.; Chikkalingaiah
    The study was conducted to evaluate heterosis for growth, yield and biochemical parameters, and rearing performance in six mulberry hybrids that were evaluated during 2021- 22. Six hybrids were selected and saplings of hybrids were planted in RCBD design in March 2022. Heterosis analysis revealed hybrid vigor in clones over the parents. Hybrid ME-03 × MI-66 recorded maximum and positive standard heterosis for a number of leaves (41.5 and 16.95 %), fresh weight of leaves (130g/30 leaves and 8.15 %), moisture content (74.6 % and 6.42 %), leaf shoot ratio (1.23 and 3.61 %) and specific leaf area (322.93 cm2/g and 27.12 %). Whereas, hybrid ME-65 × V1 did not exhibit positive standard heterosis for leaf yield (g), single leaf area (cm2), moisture content (%) number of leaves per branch, number of branches per plant, moisture content (%), dry matter (%), leaf shoot ratio, specific leaf area (cm2/g), fresh weight of leaves (g/30leaves), leaf yield (g/plant). The biochemical constituents of leaves of six mulberry hybrids and check V1 were analyzed. Hybrid ME-65 × V1 recorded the highest nitrogen content (3.17 %), crude protein (19.82 %), crude fiber (9.68 %), chlorophyll ‘a’ (1.62 mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.73 mg/g) and total chlorophyll (2.35 mg/g). Rearing performance of mulberry hybrids on silkworm cross breed PM × CSR2 recorded the highest single larval weight (4.15 g), single cocoon weight (2.49g), ERR (94.67 %), cocoon shell weight (0.47 g), cocoon shell ratio (19.46 %), average filament length (1070.75 m) and silk productivity (5.16 c g / day) in ME-65 × V1 hybrid.
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    EFFECT OF MULBERRY SHOOTS BIOCHAR APPLICATION ON PRODUCTION OF MULBERRY LEAF AND SILK COCOON
    (2023-01-24) RANJITHA BAI, H.; RAJE GOWDA
    A study on “Effect of mulberry shoots biochar application on production of mulberry leaf and silk cocoon” was conducted in the established V-1 tree mulberry garden at KVK, Hassan during 2022. Comprised of 10 treatments replicated thrice in RCBD. The experimental results revealed that combined application of 100 per cent NPK+ FYM @ 10 tha-1 + Biochar @ 15 t ha-1y-1 to soil significantly higher water holding capacity (49.34%), pH (6.87), electrical conductivity (0.23 dS m-1), primary, secondary and micronutrients content of soil over 100 per cent NPK+ FYM@ 20 t ha-1 (package of practice). The treatment also significantly enhanced the growth, yield parameters, biochemical parameters, elemental compositions of tree mulberry leaves. Further, feeding mulberry leaves obtained by application of 100 per cent NPK+ FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Biochar @ 15 t ha-1y-1 recorded significantly shorter fifth instar larval duration (7.76 days), higher fifth instar larval weight (53.21 g/10 larvae), effective rate of rearing (95.27%), cocoon weight (2.63 g), cocoon shell weight (0.59 g), pupal weight (2.04 g), filament length (1499.06 m), filament weight (0.48 g) and obtained higher net returns per hectare (Rs. 1,71,888. ha-1 crop-1). However, the B:C ratio (3.04) was recorded marginally lower in the treatment received 100 per cent recommended NPK+ FYM@ 10 t ha- 1 + Biochar @ 15 t ha-1y-1 when compared to treatment received 100 per cent recommended NPK+ FYM@ 10 t ha-1 + Biochar @ 10 t ha-1y-1 (3.08) and found to be cost effective as compared to other treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF SILKWORM SEED PRODUCERS
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40865) VIJAYAKUMAR, K; RAMAKRISHNA, NAIKA
    The study was conducted in purposively selected Chickballapur and Kolar districts to know the entrepreneurial behaviour of silkworm seed producers. Three taluks were selected in each districts based on number of viable silkworm seed producers thus making a total sample of 120. The data was collected by personal interview method. It was found that 45.00 per cent of silkworm seed producers had medium entrepreneurial behaviour and 55.83 per cent of them were belonged to old age category. Nearly one third (35.83%) of silkworm seed producers were educated upto high school, 51.67 per cent of respondents were depends only on silkworm seed production as main occupation. 86.67 per cent, 81.67 per cent, 80.00 per cent, 70.00 per cent, 61.67 per cent, 55.00 per cent and 37.50 per cent of respondents were belonged to medium category in silkworm stock culture possession, extension participation, scientific orientation, annual income, number of Disease Free Layings (DFLs) produced per annum, movable assets and social participation, respectively. Majority (74.17 %) of the silkworm seed producers had more than 20 years of experience in their enterprise. Further, 74.17 and 40.00 per cent of respondents were belonged to high category in grainage experience and mass media participation, respectively. Positive and significant relationship was observed between entrepreneurial behaviour of silkworm seed producers and their personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics such as education, number of DFLs produced per annum, annual income, movable assets, mass media participation, extension participation and scientific orientation. Competition among the silkworm seed producers, non availability of seed cocoons, sudden decline in demand for DFLs, lack of sufficient knowledge on scientific methods of silkworm seed production, lack of sufficient preservation facilities for DFLs were the main constraints expressed by the silkworm seed producers. Hence, it calls for intensification of extension educational efforts by concerned developmental agencies to make silkworm seed production as viable and innovative enterprise.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES IN INDIAN UJI FLY, Exorista bombycis (LOUIS) INFESTING SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40865) DHANDORE, B. D; FATIMA, SADATULLA
    The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is exploited both as a powerful biological model system and also as a tool to convert mulberry leaf into silk. Silkworm larvae often suffer from many diseases and insect pest infestation causing heavy losses to the economy of the sericulture industry. However silkworms also exhibit both humoral and cellular immune responses that are effective against various pathogens. So, an attempt was made to screen silkworm larvae and uji fly maggots for antimicrobial peptides against human pathogens and to study immune response of silkworms parasitized by uji fly, Exorista bombycis (Louis). Haemolymph extracts of healthy PM and CSR2, parasitized PM and CSR2 and whole body extract of uji fly were prepared by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay against three test microorganisms viz., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Extracts of healthy PM, CSR2 larvae and uji maggots were found effective against E. coli the mean inhibitory zone were 46.72±3.42, 47.57±4.38 and 41.94±6.48 mm2 respectively. While the antimicrobial activity of healthy CSR2 In case of parasitized PM and CSR larvae was not exhibited against S. aureus. 2 the antimicrobial activity was seen only on the first day of parasitization. The extracts were found effective against E. coli and S. aureus. The mean zone of inhibition for PM and CSR2 against E. coli was found to be 50.61±5.15 and 43.93±6.03 mm2 respectively. The mean zone of inhibition of PM and CSR2 against S. aureus was found to be 41.97±1.87and 27.69±1.68 mm2 respectively. While all the extracts were found ineffective against C. albicans. The results show that infestation of uji fly had little or no influence on immune response of silkworm.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF BOTANICALS AS BED DISINFECTANT AGAINST WHITE MUSCARDINE DISEASE OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40600) SOUMYA, B R; FATIMA, SADATULLA
    Study on in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of botanicals leaf powder against Beauveria bassiana and their influence on growth, development and economic traits of silkworm was conducted during 2010-11. Among the five botanicals tested in in-vitro studies, Eucalyptus hybrid recorded maximum growth inhibition of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana in all the concentrations tested. However, Acacia auriculiformis, Moringa olifera, Murayya koenigi were found next in order for their efficacy in inhibiting the growth while minimum inhibition of fungus was recorded in Syzygium cumini. In all botanicals tested 10% concentration showed significant reduction of fungal growth compared to lower concentrations of botanical tested. In in-vitro studies the best two botanicals (Eucalyptus and Moringa olifera) dusted at 100% every day on silkworm (PMxCSR2), inoculated with stock solution of fungal spore suspension enhanced larval weight (28.92 and 28.84 g/10 larvae), ERR (88.00 % and 76.00%), cocoon weight (1.67 and 1.53g), shell weight (0.280 and 0.259g), pupal weight (1.38 and 1.27g), shell ratio (16.92 and 16.86 %), silk productivity (3.49 and 3.23cg/day) filament length (815.00 and 785.00m) and denier (1.87 and 1.98) besides reduced larval duration (8.007 and 8.009days) and larval mortality (4.67 and 8.67% ) compared to alternate day dusting and also 50% concentration of botanical leaf powder dusted every day and on alternate days. Worms inoculated with fungal spores and dusted with lime (100%) every day showed moderate increase in larval weight (28.61g/10 larvae), ERR (68.33 %), cocoon weight (1.43g), shell weight (0.218g), pupal weight (1.21g), shell ratio (15.31 %), silk productivity (2.73cg/day), filament length (750.00m) and denier (2.10) and moderately reduced larval duration (8.014days) and larval mortality (11.33%) compared to everyday dusting of botanicals (100%) alone, and was maximum in botanicals with lime (1:1) dusted treatments. The reduced concentration of botanicals result in reduced concentration of biochemical constituents with antifungal properties could be the reason for reduction in the larval as well as cocoon parameters in fungal inoculated worms.