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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo MORPHO-MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED LAND RACES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-29) Deepika, C.; P. J. DevarajuIn the present investigation, 31 land races were characterized for 64 morphological, physiological and molecular traits. The experiment was conducted in RCBD with three replications at OFRC, UAHS, Shivamogga during kharif 2021. Out of sixty four traits studied, significant variations were observed for all qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Out of 31 land races, Ambemohari showed maximum number of productive tillers/plant (26), Jasmine obtained highest panicle length (27.90cm), Karigajavale showed maximum panicle weight (5.30 g), Rathnasagara recorded the highest number of seeds per panicle (218) and seed yield per plant (85.80 g). Seedling and plant characters are major identification and differentiating characters among cultivar. Out of 25 markers, the highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value (0.49) was obtained in RM 481 and RM 25, remaining markers showed less PIC value. It was observed that the highest PIC value results were genetically diverse land races and some markers showed related land races. In respect of seed dormancy, three (Navara, Jyothi and Misebhatta) land races showed very weak, one (Raichursanna) land race weak, one (Puttabhatta) land race moderate, five (Gowrisanna, Kiruvani, Rathnasagara, Ambemohari and MTU-1001) land races strong and twenty one land races as very strong dormancy reaction signifying considerable amount of variability among the land races. Seed dormancy positively correlated with seed length, presence of awns and germination percentage.ThesisItem Embargo SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC AND SILICA GREEN NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR EFFICACY AS A STORED SEED PROTECTOR AGAINST BRUCHID IN PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.](2023-01-19) SAMPATHI SOWJANYA; Dr. S. RAJENDRA PRASADA study was undertaken to assess the effect of seed treatment with green zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2)nanoparticles (NPs) for improving seed quality and storability in pigeonpea. Green ZnO (synthesized using spinach leaf) and chemical ZnO NPs were characterized and confirmed the nano range with average diameter of 28.54 nm and 15.92 nm respectively with spherical shape and elemental composition of zinc and oxide. Green SiO2 (synthesized using rice husk) and chemical SiO2 NPs were characterized and confirmed the nano range with average diameter of 24.50 nm and 20.15 nm respectively with spongy nature with spherical shape and confirmed elemental composition of silicon and oxide. Among concentrations, green ZnO @ 1250 & 1000 ppm, chemical ZnO @ 500 ppm, green SiO2 @ 500 & 750 ppm and chemical SiO2 @ 250 ppm were found better for seed quality and insect control of pigeonpea during storage. At initial and end of the seed storage, green ZnO NPs @ 1250 ppm recorded significantly highest seed quality parameters like higher germination (96.25 & 80.25 %), field emergence (94.50 & 77.25 %) and highest protein content, CAT, SOD (22.62 & 21.49 %, 81.340 & 81.32 μg g-1 protein & 654.366 & 599.215 min-1 g-1 protein respectively). For insect control, green SiO2 @1000 ppm recorded the lowest number of eggs per 100 seeds (2.33 & nil respectively) and adult emergence (3.3% & nill respectively). SSR primers produced only monomorphic banding pattern in both nanoparticles treated seeds and control seeds. Under pot culture, green ZnO @ 1250 ppm recorded maximum number of nodules per plant (99.75), seed yield per plant (53.73g), 100 seed weight (14.71g), seed germination (94.0%) and SVI-II (4795). This study revealed that, green nanoparticles seed treatment maintains the seed quality in pigeonpea during storage.ThesisItem Embargo Assessing relevance of seed priming With endophytes on seed quality and Performance in selected crops(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-08-02) SHANTHARAJA, C. S.; Devaraju, P. JEnvironmental stresses are limiting factors in producing quality seeds, plant endophytes known to enhance seedling vigour and plant growth. To assess the effect of endophyte bio-priming on seedling vigour and crop performance, experiments were conducted under laboratory, polyhouse and field condition in rice and pearl millet. Five fungal endophytes viz, LAS6 (Chaetomium sp.), PJ9 (Fusarium sp.), SF5 (Fusarium sp.), V4J (Botryospharia dothedia) and V6E (Fusarium sp.) isolated from plants grown in stress habitat were used. The endophyte strain V4J had shown significantly higher seedling length (42.2), seedling dry weight (12.06 mg) and seedling vigour index (SVI) I (3841), SF5 had recorded highest seedling length (24 cm) and SVI II (807) and V4J recorded increased seedling length (38.3 cm) and SVI I (3213) compared to control under normal, salinity (170 mM NaCl) and drought (17 % PEG-8000) stress in rice. Whereas, in pearl millet, V6E and PJ9 had shown higher seedling length (26.8 and 20.9 cm) under normal and salinity (160 mM NaCl) stress. In poly house condition, SF5 had recorded increased plant height (37.8 and 33.8 cm) and root length (25.8 and 27.2 cm) under unstress and salinity stress (EC:4 dS/m), under drought stress (60% FC), V4J had shown increased plant height (36.2 cm) compared to control. The endophyte strain V4J had recorded lowest Malondialdehyde content of 0.129, 0.151 and 0.159 μg/g FW under unstress, salinity and drought stress respectively. Antioxidant enzyme (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) activity was higher in endophyte bio-primed plants under normal and stressful conditions in rice. Under field experiments, though endophyte treated plants recorded higher values but, results were found non-significant in most of the characters studied in rice. Overall the study provides endophytes isolated from different stress habitat could be used to modulate seedling growth and plant development in crop plants.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN ENHANCING SEED QUALITY AND STORABILITY OF PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-03-24) SURABHI, V. K.; RAME GOWDAAn experiment was conducted to study the influence of seed treatment with nanoparticles on seed quality and storability in pigeonpea. Seeds were treated with ZnO, Ag and SiO2 in both nano and bulk forms at different concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg). Wet seed treatment with nanoparticles showed reduced seed germination (%) and SVI-II even at 100ppm of ZnO NPs, Ag NPs and SiO2 NPs (82% and 2517), (80% and 2393) and (83% and 2668), respectively compared to control (95% and 3642). Dry seed treatment with SiO2 NPs @ 250mg recorded significantly higher germination (98%), seedling dry weight (47.80mg/seedling), field emergence (94%), SVI-II (4668), total dehydrogenase activity (1.651), lowest electrical conductivity (11.93µS/cm/g) and seed infection (0.50%) followed by ZnO NPs @ 500mg over control. Similar trend was also observed during the storage period. At the end of ten months of storage, SiO2 NPs @ 250mg recorded significantly higher germination (80%), seedling dry weight (43.98mg/seedling), field emergence (63%), SVI-I (2994), SVI-II (3518), TDH (1.196),minimum T50 (3.81days), lowest electrical conductivity (41.29µS/cm/g) and seed infection (13.00%) followed by ZnO NPs @ 500mg against control (61%, 36.25mg/seedling, 45%, 1957, 2224, 0.925, 4.34days, 55.42µS/cm/g and 29.33%, respectively). Bio-efficacy study of nanoparticles on Callosobruchus chinensis showed that SiO2 NPs @ 250mg recorded considerably reduced number of eggs per seed (0.93), adult emergence (3.61%), growth index (0.10) and seed damage (3.33%) followed by Ag NPs @ 250mg compared to control (3.48, 72.88%, 2.19, 85.00%, respectively). Genotoxicity study on seed treatment with nanoparticles revealed that the DNA stability did not alter in any nano treatments since the banding pattern was same as that of untreated seeds. Thus, the findings of the study discovered the positive effect of nanoparticles and therefore, could be used as safe seed treatment method to enhance seed quality and storability of pigeonpea.ThesisItem Embargo MOLECULAR, PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ON SEED LONGEVITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF SEED RATE COMPENSATION IN SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-29) PRIYANKA, M; PARASHIVAMURTHYThe laboratory studies were conducted with 20 soybean genotypes for evaluating the physiological and biochemical changes on seed longevity. 5 different testa coloured soybean genotypes had used for the experiment. Among them, Black coat seeds had showed resistant for seed longevity and yellow coloured genotypes exhibited susceptibility for seed longevity. Among the seed amelioration treatments, seed priming with tocopherol (1%) increases repair and re-synthesizing ability in low vigour seeds (yellow coloured seeds) followed by salicylic acid (1%) and ascorbic acid (1%). 20 soybean genotypes were subjected to molecular phenotyping with SSR markers like Satt281, Satt513, Satt371 produces three alleles viz., Satt281220, Satt513200 and Satt371180 for good storer genotypes, Satt281200, Satt371120 and Satt513140 for poor storers and Satt281210, Satt513150, Satt371160 for intermediate storers. Therefore, these markers may be good candidate markers for identifying marker linked with storability and seed coat colour. The field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of seed rate compensation, among the treatments high vigour seeds with normal seed rate (62.5 kg /ha) obtained the highest plant height, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare (45.92 cm, 9.60 g and 21.11 q respectively) followed by aged seeds of 65 per cent germination with compensated seed rate (67.3 kg / ha). The lowest plant height, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare (35.55 cm, 7.72 g and 9.99 q) were noticed in aged seeds of 50 per cent germination with compensated seed rate (87.5 kg /ha).ThesisItem Embargo GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES FOR SEED LONGEVITY IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-29) NAFLATH, T V; RAJENDRA PRASAD, SSixty diverse genotypes with different seed coat colour and seed size was evaluated for seed longevity under natural ageing for 20 months and accelerated ageing as per International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) guidelines over two season using fresh seeds. Seed germination was recorded at bimonthly interval after storage in natural ageing and another set after accelerated ageing. The correlation between accelerated and bimonthly natural ageing was highly significant. Two black seed coat colour genotypes, Acc No.369 and Acc No.39 consistently showed higher longevity over the ageing treatment and serve as a source of higher seed longevity in soybean. A panel of 96 genotypes was combined for association mapping and the genetic diversity as well as population structure was studied using SSR, Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS)-SNP and agro-morphological traits. Bayesian-model based population STRUCTURE, UPGMA and principal component analysis approaches using SSR, SNP and agro-morphological traits exhibited a complementary pattern of population structure. The genotypes with higher seed longevity and small seed size formed a single cluster. Higher coefficient of variability of seven productivity and nine seed longevity related traits confirmed the diversity in assembled population and its suitability for QTL mapping. Genome-wide association mapping using 29,955 GBS-SNP markers and sixteen traits produced 30 marker trait associations. One co-localized SNP (SNW_024464723.1_95172) was identified for seed longevity traits viz., seed germination, seedling vigour index-II and per cent reduction in vigour index-II. The biparental linkage mapping population for seed longevity was also developed by crossing JS93-05 and Local black soybean using Wet cotton and Kolot method with wet cotton method producing higher success rate. High genetic variability was observed among 352 F2 plants. The GBS-SNP resources, association mapping panel and F2 population developed in this study serve as a valuable resource for soybean crop improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access ENDOPHYTES: A POTENT SEED BIO-PRIMING AGENTS FOR ABIOTIC STRESS MITIGATION IN SELECTED CROPS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2022-03-29) ROOPASHREE, B; RAJENDRA PRASAD, SDrought is a major limiting factor influencing plant growth and development. In recent years there have been several studies to demonstrate the use of endophytes in mitigating stress tolerances. Endophytes include symptomless bacteria and fungi that are ubiquitously present in the intercellular spaces of the ost plants. Endophytes isolated from extreme habitats are able to colonize the non-host plants and impart stress tolerance response. Against this background rea of knowledge, the present study was taken up to study the role of selected 8 endophytes on early seedling growth of maize, green gram, soybean, and rinjal. Among 8 fungal endophytes, K-23, LAS-6 and P-37 had shown increased seedling growth of pre-germinated maize seeds both under control and PEG- 8000 induced drought stress conditions. Not only in the seedling level but also in the greenhouse conditions these selected endophytes (K-23, LAS-6 mad P- 7) have been reported a significant increase in the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, antioxidant nzyme ctivity, and yield content when plants were subjected to drought stress. In order to unravel the molecular mechanism, maize plants inoculated with K-23 were ubjected to comparative transcriptome analysis. It revealed that genes involved in the photosynthetic pathway, synthesis of secondary metabolites, starch and ucrose metabolism were upregulated in endophyte enriched seedlings when subjected to drought stress. This study set as proof of concept to demonstrate ndophytes adapted to extreme habitats can be effectively used to modulate non-host plant responses to abiotic stresses such as droughtThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF SEED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES, SEED STORABILITY AND GENETIC PURITY ASSESSMENT OF PARENTAL LINES OF NEWLY RELEASED MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRID MAH 14-5(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-08-17) VIJAYALAKSHMI, N.; R., SIDDARAJUField experiment were conducted to study the effect of spacing and mother plant nutrition on seed yield and quality of parental lines viz., CML-451 (male) and CAL-1443 (female) of hybrid MAH 14-5. The spacing of 30X20 cm with fertilizer level of 225:70:50:10 kg NPK ZnSO4 ha-1 recorded the maximum plant population at harvest in male (127) and female (120) parental lines. Whereas, the highest seed yield was recorded in 30X20 cm with fertilizer of 187:70:50:10 kg NPK ZnSO4 ha-1 (29.43 and 27.48 q/ha) in male and female lines respectively. Seed storage experiment was carried out to know effect of packaging materials, insecticide on quality of hybrid and its parental lines. Germination (86.5 %), seedling vigour index -I (1916), seedling vigour index-II (2738) and seed infestation (1.31 %) was found higher in hybrid MAH 14-5 stored in polypouches treated with chlorantraniliprole @ 0.3 ml/kg seeds at the end of 12th month of storage period. Whereas, least germination (69.25 %), seedling vigour index -I (1916), eedling vigour index-II (2738), and seed infestation (1.31 %) was recorded in female seeds kept as a control in super grain bag. Morphological characterization of hybrid and its parental lines was undertaken. It was observed for pigmentation of brace root, pigmentation of leaf sheath and hairs on leaf margin (absent in female, present in male and slightly present in hybrid), attitude of leaf (female was drooping, straight in male and drooping in hybrid), angle between the main axis and laterals branches (> 450 in female, < 450 in male and in hybrid it was medium angle), tassel (curved in female, straight in male and hybrid). Hybrid purity testing was carried out using 50 SSR markers, out of which eight (phi402893, umc1746, umc1793, umc1232, umc2310, umc2376, umc1308, mmc0151) markers showed the polymorphism differentiating parental lines.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED INVIGORATION TECHNIQUES AND MICRONUTRIENT SPRAY ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN GREENGRAM (Vigna radiata L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-05-03) GUNTHA ADHITHYA; SIDDARAJU, R.Field and laboratory studies were conducted to study the influence of micro and macronutrients on seed quality and packaging materials, seed treatment chemicals, solarisation on seed storability in greengram at NSP, UAS, Bangalore during 2020-21. Seed invigoration with 1 % ZnSO4 in summer season recorded the highest in field emergence (96.6 %), plant height 60 DAS (32.7 cm), number of nodules per plant (40.3) number of pods per plant (16.9), seed yield per plot (273 g), seed yield per ha (4.3 q), seed recovery (97.7 %), seed germination (95.7 %) and 100 seed weight (4.21 g). Effect of foliar application of ferrous sulphate (0.5%) in KKM-3 recorded the highest in plant height at 60 DAS (32.73 cm), number of nodules (35.4), seed yield per plot (285.6 g), seed yield per ha (4.53 q). Seed germination (97.3 %) was highest in WGG-42 and seed recovery (97.0 %) and protein (25.48 %) in TRCRM-147. WGG-42 ecorded significantly less number of hard seeds (16.2 %) compared to KKM-3 (18.5 %) and TRCRM-147 (19.9 %) after imposing treatments. Among treatments, Conc. Sulphuric acid for 2 min recordedhighest seed germination of three varieties (95.3 %, 97.3 % and 95.3) compared to control (36.3 %, 32.0 % and 29.0 %) respectively, also in other seed quality parameters. Seeds stored in super grain bag with spinetoram (0.4 ml/kg seed) treatment recorded lowest in seed moisture content (8.12 %) and seed infestation (1.67 %) and highest in seed germination (87.0 %) were recorded seeds treated with Chlorantraniliprole (0.10 ml/kg) compared to control (67.3 %) during ten months. Fresh seeds exposed to four hours of solarisation for three days was significantly better in number of eggs (192.3), number of adults (37.0), seed germination (79.6 %) compared to control (237.3, 62.6, 63.0 % respectively) during nine months.
