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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access INNOVATIVE APPROACHES THROUGH HYDROPONICS AND AEROPONICS FOR HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-28) RAJATHA, K. D.; RAJENDRA PRASAD, S.An experiment was designed to evaluate the suitability of the hydroponics (M2) and aeroponics (M3) methods over conventional method (M1) for hybrid seed production of tomato. An initial trial for standardization of nutrients and pH for aeroponics and hydroponics was conducted. Among the 6 different nutrient solutions the crop performance was better in Hoagland’s solution with pH range 5.5-7. The main trial was conducted for hybrid seed production in tomato with 12 treatments comprising 3 methods of production, 2 parental lines (TAG 1F and TAG 2F) and 2 different seed treatment (S1: Control and S2: Thiram @ 2 g kg-1 + chlorpyrifos @3 g kg-). The experiment was laid in FCRD design with three replications. The results of the revealed that, among the parental lines, TAG 1F performed better under all the methods of hybrid seed production. Aeroponics and hydroponics performed better than the conventional method due to better availability of nutrients and aeration, huge root biomass in soil-less system. Aeroponics showed the significantly higher plant length (140.94 cm), LAI (6.99), early fruit maturity (95.23 days), fruit weight (124.54 g), total biomass (106.44mg) and test weight (0.39 g). Similarly hydroponics showed the significantly higher number of fruit plant-1 (45.84), seed yield fruit-1 (13.6mg) and number of seeds per fruit-1 (97.65) but conventional method showed the higher plant spread (87.35 cm). Although the cost incurred was comparatively higher is soil-less method, the gross return was 94.68 per cent higher under aeroponics and 79.22 per cent higher under hydroponics compared to conventional method. The return per rupee (B:C ratio) was found higher in aeroponics (2.08) followed by hydroponics (1.97) and lower under conventional method (1.87). It is inferred that, soil-less agriculture could be a promising tool for quality and healthy hybrid tomato seed production throughout the year with in protected cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SEED DETERIORATION IN GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merrill)(University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru, 2018-09-24) SHRUTHI, K.; Siddaraju, R.The field and laboratory experiments were carried out for the characterization and assessment of seed deterioration in germplasm accessions of soybean during Kharif 2015 and 2016. Out of 825 germplasm accessions, a core set of 98 accessions were selected for variability assessment and significant differences were observed for various morphological traits. Qualitative characters like leaf shape, anthocyanin colouration of stem, seed coat and hilum colour were found as useful descriptors with higher variability and quantitative characters like epicotyl and hypocotyl length, plant height at harvest, number of pods per plant and hundred seed weight exhibited the higher components of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. Further, a mini core set was developed from a core set and used for molecular characterization and for their seed deterioration studies. Among 20 SSR markers used for the study, six markers exhibited polymorphism and marker Satt687 found as highly polymorphic with higher PIC (0.25) and gene diversity values (0.23). The investigation on seed deterioration studies in soybean mini core set revealed the clear genotypic variability with respect to seed vigour among the genotypes. Among them seven genotypes viz., EC-76756, EC-57042, IC- 501268, TR-5, PB-5, EC-101549 and DS-72-244 were identified as superior genotypes for seed vigour. Based on their seed germination performance under accelerated ageing conditions they are grouped into high vigour (≥ 75), medium vigour (70 to 75 %) and low vigour genotypes (≤ 70 %). Whereas the seed amelioration treatments such as α- tocopherol (1 %) and ascorbic acid (1 %) are the suitable treatments to improve seed germination percentage (from 61 to 74 %), seedling vigour index-I (from 783 to 1292), seedling vigour index-II (from 330 to 446), amylase activity (from 0.089 to 0.105 mg maltose released/ ml/min.) and super oxide dismutase (from 0.167 to 0.202 unit/ml/g of seeds) in low vigour genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF PROVENANCE, FUNGICIDES AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON PLANT GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF HYBRID RICE KRH-4(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-02-20) SIDDARUDH, K. S.; SIDDARAJU, R.Experiment were carried out to study the influence of different provenance and foliar application of micronutrients on seed yield and quality of hybrid rice KRH-4. Among the provenance Karimnagar found to be best suited for seed production due to optimum climatic conditions results in seed quality attributes like germination (92.00 %), test weight (16.87 gm), Mean seedling length (27.22 cm), SV-I and SV-II (2490 and 809 respectively). The effect of Zn and B as foliar spray on growth and yield of paddy studied at Madarhalli, Mandya district during 2015 and 2016. Among the micronutrients, zinc in the form of zinc sulphate as zinc source and boron in the form of boric acid were applied as foliar spray at three different stages of plant growth i.e transplanting, tillering and grain formation. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. The mixed foliar application treatment (Zn and B 0.05 % each) recorded the highest mean values of all yield characteristics compared to control. The combination of Zn and B as foliar spray influenced significantly increase in the plant height (68.67 cm), maximum number of tillers / m2 (28), chlorophyll content (15.50), seed germination (91.25 %), seedling vigour index II (580) and paddy seed yield (16.75 q ha-1) was obtained. In vivo assay revealed that the least PDI was observed in variety Jaya bioprimed with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens USABR9 (1.10 %) compared to control (4.95 %). In case of KRH-4 least PDI (0.55 %) was recorded seed bioprimed with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens USABR9 (1.0 %) compared to control (4.62 %). The storability of the hybrid rice KRH-4 seeds could be enhanced by treating the seeds with polycoates and storing them in super grain bag to maintain seed quality up to sixteen months.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERISATION OF COAL FLY ASH AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOIL AND CROP QUALITY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-01-02) VAGEESH, T.S.; SIDDARAMAPPA, R.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES ON SEED YIELD, QUALITY AND STORABILITY IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-03) SAJJAN, ASHOK S.; SHEKHARGOUDA, M.Okra is an essentially tropical vegetable and cultivated throughout India mainly as a kharif crop, The non-availability of quality seeds of improved varieties is one of the major production constraints in India.To tackle the various production constraints, four field experiments were carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bagalkot and one laboratory study was initiated in the Dept.of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Bijapur during Kharif 1998 and rabi 1998-99. The data revealed that, sowing in month of July 1 coupled with spacing of 60 X 30 cm and 150 kg N per ha gave higher processed seed yield (1139.7kg/ha) during Kharif while in rabi, the November IS'^' sowing the same treatment combination recorded higher seed yield (745.3 kg/ha) with better seed quality parameters. The July 15^^^ sowing coupled with 60 x 30 cm spacing and 125 kg N per ha, followed by same sowing date spacing and at 125 kg N per ha produced higher seedling vigour in Okra. Apical pinching at 20 DAS and picking of two early formed green fruits for vegetable purpose recorded higher processed seed yield (1078.0 and 884.5 kg/ha) during Kharif and rabi respectively. The harvesting of fruits at 40 DAA gave significantly higher seed diameter, seed weight per fruit and 100 seed weight. The seeds extracted from the fruits harvested at 15 DAA failed to germinate in both the seasons. Extraction of seeds from the dried fruits found to be better in seed quality parameters compared to the seed extracted from the fruits immediately after harvest. Among the bio regulators and KII2PO.1, the higher proeessed seed yield was obtained with spraying ofCCC 200 ppm (37.8 and 26.7 %) followed by KH2PO4 and TIBA over control (without spray) during Kharif and rabi season. The KH2PO4 5000 ppm had significantly increased seed germination, root length, shoot length, seedling vigour, field emergence and reduced electrical conductivity values. The seed storage studies indicated that captan (2 g/kg of seed) treated seeds recorded higher germination (85.3 %) followed by sweet flag (84.8 ®o), pongamia (83.2 %) and neem oil (83.2 %). Storing of seeds either in cloth bag or polythene bags (700 gauge) did not show significant difference in germination up to 12 months under ambient condition and maintained germination above the minimum seed cetification standards ( -80 %) for 12 months at Bijapur.ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATIONS ON SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES AND STORABILITY OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinumL.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-03) MERWADE, M.N.; KURDIKERl, M.B.Field experiments were conducted at Main Research Station, Dharwad and laboratory experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during rabi 1997-98 and 1998-99 on seed production techniques and storability of chickpea genotypes. Seed yield was significantly higher with better morpho-physiological growth and quality characteristics in A-1 (43.27 q ha-1), BG-256 (41.92 q ha-1) and lCCV-2 (41.98 q ha-1) genotypes sown during October 3rd week and in K-850 (38.45 q ha-1) sown during October 1st week with 37.5 N: 75 P2O5 kg ha-1 ' fertilizer level. The decreased seed yield was noticed in A-1, K-850 and ICCV-2 sown during November 1st week and in BG-256 sown during October 1st week with 25 N : 50 P2O5 kg ha -1. Spraying of growth regulators at flower initiation stage in A-1 and ICCV-2 genotypes resulted in better morpho-physiological growth and higher seed yield besides having better quality with 50 ppm TIBA (37.98 q ha -1), 100 ppm NAA (36.40 q ha-1), 1000 ppm Lihocin (36.14 q ha -1), 75 ppm TIBA (34.57 q ha-1), 150 ppm NAA (34.14 q ha ') and 1000 ppm Mepiquat chloride (34.04 q h-1) compared to other growth regulators and control (no growth regulator spray). Based on seed recovery (96 to 98%), germination (90 to 93%), test weight and vigour index, a 6.0 mm (R) sieve size was found optimum for seed processing of seven desi andkabuli chickpea genotypes studied. Application of endosullan @ 2 g or carbaryi @ 4 g 1"' at pod milky and crop maturity stages as pre-liarvest sprays and at seed storing stage @ 2 or 4 g kg ' of seeds as post-harvest treatment was found beneficial in maintaining higher 100 seed weight, germination and seedling vigour index with lower seed infestation, moisture content and seed leachates compared to control during ten months ambient storage period of chickpea A-1 seeds in cloth bags. Endosulfan maintained higher seed storability compared to carbaryi irrespective of stages of insecticidal applications. Among various seed protectants, castor and neem oils @ 5 ml kg-1 and lakke leal powder @ 10 g kg-1 with or without captan @ 2.5 g kg-1 of seeds were found as the best seed protectants for maintaining better seed quality with lower seed infestation during ten months ambient storage period of chickpea A-1 seeds in cloth bags.ThesisItem Open Access SEED TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN DICOCCUM WHEAT [Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Suhulb.] VARIETIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-03) UPPAR, D. S.; KURDIKERI, M. B.Field experiments were conducted at the Main Research Station, Dharwad during rabi seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 to determine the'physiological maturity in dicoccum wheat varieties by adopting randomised block design with five replications. The laboratory experiments were conducted on various aspects viz., standardisation of requirement of temperature and substrates, storability studies with*(pe of halogens, dehusking methods on seed quality parameters, estimation of total phenols in the husk of dicoccum wheat varieties. Observations were recorded on germination, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, vigour index, electrical conductivity of seed leachates and field emergence. The physiological maturity indices viz., dry weight, germination per cent, seedling length and vigour index were maximum at 35 days after anthesis (DAA) in DDK- 1001 and DDK-1009, 40 DAA in DDK-1013 and 45 DAA in NP-200 and decreased thereafter. The moisture content of seeds decreased from 5 to 50 DAA. The husked seeds tested in between paper at 20°C recorded significantly higher values for all the seed quality parameters, except the speed of germination. During storage, the effect of halogen treatments was found more pronounced from 2nd month onwards and recorded significantly higher seed quality attributes with lower EC values. The husked seeds treated with iodine and stored in polythene bag registered higher values for germination (> 85%) during 12 months of storage. Dehusking by hand recorded significantly higher values for seed quality parameters. The total phenol content in the husk was significantly higher in DDK-1001 followed by NP-200, DDK-1009 and DDK-1013. Increasing the husk extracts from 2-8 per cent decreased all the seed quality parameters and the inhibition of germination was highest in DDK-1001, while it was lowest in DDK-1013.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES AND STORABILITY OF KARNATAKA RICE HYBRID-2(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-03) BIRADARPATIL, N.K.; SHEKHARGOUDA, M.The field and laboratory experiments conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 1995 - 98 on seed production and storability of Kamataka Rice Hybrid - 2 revealed that spraying of gibberellic acid @ 75 g per ha, flag leaf clipping (FLC)+GA3 50 g per ha. and GA3 25 g per ha. coupled with NAA or Arappu leaf extract increased the panicle exersion, seed set and seed yield by 47.4, 45.7, 44.3 and 34.8 per cWit, respectively, over the control. The net returns were higher with GA3 25 g per ha + 100 ppm NAA and GA3 25 g per ha + 2.0 per cent urea. AU chemicals, except boric acid produced better quality seeds and improved the storability. Summer season produced higher seed yield with better quality. The early sowing of male parent by four and eight days resulted in better synchronisation, increased seed set and seed yield. The foliar spray at panicle initiation stage with of GA3 (100 PPM) and single super phosphate (1.0%) enhanced the 50 per cent flowering in male parent by 3.7 and 3.2 days, respectively, while additional application of N (25 kg / ha) to soil coupled with foliar spray of urea (2.0 %) and MH @ 400 ppm to female parent delayed 50 per cent flowering by 4.7 and 3.5 days, respectively, over the control. The seed yield and quality were higher with the seed produced at Dharwad than Gangavati location. The 50 per cent flowering was delayed with December sowing, but it was early with August sowing in all the parental lines. Transplanting of 30 days old seedlings of A, B and R lines gave higher seed yield and quality as compared to transplanting of younger or older seedlings. The seeds produced at Dharwad stored better than the ones produced at Sirsi. The seeds stored in polythene bag (700 gauge) were superior over cloth bag throughtout the storage period for all the seed quahty parameters. The untreated seeds lost their viabihty and vigow at a faster rate during storage compared to Thiram (2.0 g / kg) treated seeds.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIME, SPACING AND FUNGICIDAL SPRAY ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN NIGER {Guizotia abyssinica L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-03) PRIYA B. KIVADAS, ANN AVAR; V.K. DESHPANDE. A fiejd experiment was conducted at Main Agricul-tural- Research Station, College of Agriculture, Dharwad during kharif 2004 to study the effect of time of sowing, spacing and fungicidal spray on crop growth, seed yield and quality of niger CV. N-71. The experimental results revealed that plant height, number of primaiy and secondary branches were higher in first sowing (July 1®*^) as compared to later sowings (July 15 and July 30). Sowing at wider spacing (45 x 10 cm) produced maximum number of branches, while closer spacing (30 x 10 cm) encouraged the higher plant height and fungicidal spray did not influence these traits. Leaf area index was more in first sowing but decreased with wider spUcing and was non-significantly influenced by fungicidal spray. The interaction (T x S x F) was noii-significant with respect to above parameters. Days to 50 per cent flowering and diy matter production at both flowering and harvesting was higher in first sowing and also with wider spacing. Fungicidal spray and interactions of T x S x F did not influence above parameters. Second sowing with wider spacing and saaf fungicide spray increased the number of effective capitula per plant, filled seeds per capitula, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant and hectare basis, compared to earlier and later sowing, closer spacing and other fungicidal spray. While, the interaction effect (T x 8 x F) was found non significant with respect to above parameters. Seed quality parameters like germination percentage, root length, shoot length, field emergence and vigour index were maximum with saff fungicide spray over others. Sowing time, spacing and their interactions did not show significant effect on seed quality. July 15«^ sowing at 45 x 10 cm spacing along with saaf (Fa) or quintal (Fa) fungicidal spray recorded lower disease incidence (62.00%) and seed infection (23.33%) compared to other treatments.