Loading...
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
Browse
102 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Embargo IDENTIFICATION AND BIO-MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne enterolobii) IN GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-04) M. VARSHA; Kavitha, T. R.Meloidogyne enterolobii is an emerging and most serious pest of guava in Southern India. Biological control method is an effective strategy in management of root knot nematodes ensuring soil fertility and environmental health. The goal of our study is to evaluate the distribution and severity of M. enterolobii on guava in Southern Karnataka and find an effective combination of bioagents for root knot nematode (RKN) management. Survey conducted in a total of 10 guava orchards from four districts of Southern Karnataka, the major guava cultivating areas revealed the incidence of M. enterolobii in all the places. Visual evaluation of infested roots by galling index (RKI) recorded the highest distribution and severity of RKN in Ramanagara district (RKI-4.00) followed by Bengaluru (RKI-3.00) and Bengaluru rural (RKI-2.00). The identity of the nematode isolates was confirmed by a combination of morphological and molecular methods. The cuticular modifications at the posterior region of the female nematode were consistent with the perineal patterns of M. enterolobii. Further, molecular characterization of isolate GBN-1, by sequencing of 18SrRNA region confirmed the nematode as M. enterolobii. Among various combination of bioagents tested under field conditions revealed that the treatment T5 [Trichoderma asperellum+Bacillus subtilis+neemcake+African Marigold (30mL+30mL+100g/plant)] imposed at monthly interval was effective in reducing the nematode population in soil (746.67/200 cc) and roots (149.33/5g root), maximum reduction of galls (13.67/5g root), egg masses (17.67/5g root) and over control (1248.11/200 cc, 284.33/5g root, 36.00/5g root, 41.33/5g root) of the nematodes respectively.ThesisItem Embargo SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN RELATION TO GROWTH, ANTICHILCV AND ANTI-WHITEFLY ACTIVITIES IN RESPONSE TO DEFENCE INDUCING BIO-MOLECULES IN CHILLI(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-15) ABHISHEK H J; Manjunath, B.Chilli is an important vegetable cum spice crop, known as wonder spice. Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is a major threat for the production and productivity and it is transmitted by whitefly. In order to manage the whiteflies farmers indiscriminately use of huge amount of pesticide, resulting in resurgence of the pests, phytotoxicity, human health hazards, destruction of beneficial microorganisms and environmental pollution. Induction of biochemical defence and eco-friendly management through bio-molecules is a new trend. Among different tested sea weed molecules and plant extract in both laboratory and glass house condition, Neem soap (8gm/L) was found effective. In lab condition maximum mean mortality of whiteflies was recorded in agar plate method (60 %) in cotton leaves. While, least preference (10 whiteflies) and fecundity (35 eggs) was observed in glass house condition which was tested in cotton plants. The LBD12 (1.0ml/L) and LBD-14 (1.0ml/L) bio-molecule treated chilli plants showed least disease severity in both pre-inoculation (38.89 % and 42.22 %) and post-inoculation (22.22 % and 23.44 %) which were significantly enhanced defence related enzymes such as POX, Catalase, PPO, SOD, PAL and phenol in both pre-inoculation and post-inoculated condition. Eight integrated modules had been developed and evaluated for management of ChiLCV and whitefly activity in three different farmer’s field. Among them module-1 and module-2 exhibited least whitefly activity and recorded least disease incidence and severity compared to other modules. Maximum yield was observed in both the modules (26.87 t/ha and 24.04 t/ha) with the B:C ratio of (6.72:1 and 6.01:1) as compared to other module.ThesisItem Open Access PROSPECTING ENDOPHYTES ASSOCIATED WITH Solanum lycopersicum L. FOR THE POTENTIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS AND ITS VECTOR Bemisia tabaci(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-14) AVINASH PHULEKAR; N. NAGARAJUIn recent years, endophytes have become increasingly important due to the harmful effects of chemical pesticides. An attempt to exploit endophytes as a potential biocontrol agents against tomato leaf curl virus and its vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci was made in the present study. A total of 26 endophytes were isolated from plant tissues of tomato, of which 18 were fungi and 8 were bacteria. The endophytes viz., RF4, SF7 and RB3 showed antivector activity against eggs and adults of B. tabaci with decreased egg hatchability respectively by 69.40, 67.56 and 71.10 per cent at 10 days after treatment. However maximum mortality of adult whiteflies was observed at 3 DAT (76.67, 73.33 and 70.00% respectively). The endophytes RF4, SF7 and RB3 were found efficient in production of lytic enzymes. The chitinase activity was observed in RF4 and SF7, while protease and esterase activity was evident in SF7 and RB3. Among the different treatments, T4 [endophyte (seed treatment, seedling dip and spray) followed by virus inoculation] showed the maximum plant height (RF4-95.00, SF7-92.66 and RB3-94.33 cm), T5 [endophyte (seed treatment and spray) followed by virus inoculation] displayed maximum number of branches (RF4-3.66, SF7-3.66 and RB3-4.00) and lowest disease severity was displayed by T4 (RF4-8.33, SF7-16.66 and RB3-25.00%) at 45 DAT. Molecular characterization of endophytic fungi revealed RF4 as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis and SF7 as Fusarium sp. whereas endophytic bacteria (RB3) as Acinetobacter sp. Finally, RF4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis) showed its potential anti-vector and anti-viral activities.ThesisItem Embargo VIROME PROFILING IN GLADIOLUS AND TUBEROSE CROPS USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-02) YOGESH BASTWADE; VENKATARAVANAPPA, V.Viral diseases becoming major constraints for production of gladiolus and tuberose resulting in huge losses to growers in our country. Diagnosis of viruses infecting gladiolus and tuberose is very crucial to design management strategies. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) based virome profiling, an advanced sequencing technology has become popular method for the accurate detection of viruses present in the samples. A total 20 different virus-infected leaf samples from gladiolus and tuberose showing mottling, mosaic and yellowing symptoms were collected during the year 2021–22. Total RNA was isolated from all collected samples and used as an input for mRNAome sequencing. Raw data obtained were subjected to De-novo assembly. Further,individual contigs were subjected to standalone MEGABLAST against viral reference genomes available in NCBI database. Mapping of contigs against reference viral genome through BioEdit, Clustal X was carried out to reconstruct the complete/near-complete genome viruses. However, bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and ornithogalum mosaic virus (OrMV) in gladiolus whereas, tuberose mild mosaic virus (TuMMV) and tuberose mild mottle virus (TuMMoV) were identified in tuberose, however, CMV infection was found in both gladiolus and tuberose. Further, recombination analysis using RDP5 indicated presence of recombination only in BYMV. Molecular tools i.e., RT-PCR and RT-LAMP were optimized for rapid detection of identified viruses. Infection of CMV in tuberose is the first report from our study in IndiaThesisItem Open Access ETIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF SHEATH ROT FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF RICE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-11) NIDHI AKKIN; B. S. CHETHANASheath rot disease of paddy caused by Sarocladium oryzae is one of the emerging diseases in the world. Study was carried out to understand etiology, characterization and seed transmission of sheath rot associated fungal pathogens, and to elucidate the diversity of fungal sheath rot pathogens in rice. Etiology studies and pathogencity of 22 isolates collected from Karnataka revealed that Sarocladium oryzae and Fusarium spp. are the causal organisms for sheath rot disease. Morphological and cultural haracterisation was carried out for all the isolates. Isolate SHTNGO-2 showed lowest growth rate of 0.30 mm/day, whereas, highest by SHMV1W having 8.25 mm/day. Virulence test of inoculation of pathogens, recorded largest lesion length of 3.3 cm in SHYDO-1 (Sarocladium oryzae), while, smallest lesion length of 0.4 cm recorded in SHSRG1W (Fusarium spp). Molecular characterization using ITS1/4 identified isolates to be Sarocladium oryzae. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium proliferatum. Based on cultural, morphological characteristics and pathogenicity, 13 isolates were identified as Fusarium spp., while, 9 were identified as Sarocladium. Interaction studies of combined inoculation of Sarocladium oryzae and Fusarium proliferatum recorded larger lesion length of 3.1 cm, as compared to their individual inoculations. Jyothi seeds infected with sheath rot showed decreased germination. S. oryzae was found to be internally seed borne, while, Fusarium internally and externally seed borne. Phylogenetic tree showed less diversity among Sarocladium oryzae isolates and higher among Fusarium spp. Isolates.ThesisItem Embargo EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA LEAF BLIGHT AND FRUIT ROT IN SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(2022-12-27) SANDEEP KUMAR G. M.; S. SRIRAMEpidemiology and management aspects of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici L.), an emerging disease of sweet pepper in India were investigated. Rainfall and relative humidity were identified as the significant parameters triggering the epidemic. The pathogen had fitness in temperature range of 10-34 °C, with optimum being 22 °C-28 °C. Relative humidity above 80% was conducive for leaf blight and fruit rot development. Soil moisture above 75% water holding capacity and saturation for 24 h aggravated root rot development. The pathogen can survive for 90 days in soil. Slender amaranth, black nightshade and spurge weeds were found as alternative hosts while cereals were non-hosts. Solanaceous, cucurbitaceous and leguminous vegetables varied in susceptibility. Based on CLIMEX simulation, Western Ghats and adjoining plains in Karnataka and Kerala, Western and Eastern Himalayan regions, hills in Orissa and Andaman and Nicobar islands were found highly favourable for P. capsici establishment under current and climate change (+2 °C) scenario. Integrated management schedule was developed with interventions viz., i) Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Th-2 + Bacillus subtilis BS-2 at 10g/kg seed ii) Application of neem cake and farmyard manure enriched with bioagents to planting bed @1kg/100 kg iii) Raised bed planting (90-100 cm wide and 15-22 cm height) with silver-black reflective mulch film (30-100 μ) iv) Irrigation regulation and soil drainage management v) Weeding and sanitation vi) Protective foliar sprays of chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L) or mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) in rotation at 15 day interval up to 40th standard meteorological week under Bengaluru conditions. Also, need based curative sprays and drenching with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L), in rotation with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) were found effective. Highest B: C ratio ofThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GREY BLIGHT OF COCONUT CAUSED BY Pestalotiopsis palmarum (COOKE) STEYAERT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-01-31) YATISH KUMAR, M.; Y. M. SOMASEKHARAGrey blight of coconut caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum is one of the emerging disease in the southern Karnataka causing considerable yield loss. Disease symptoms characterized by greyish centre with dark brown margins. P. palmarum produces five celled conidia with three middle cells of brown colour, hyaline at basal and apical end with one to three setulae. The Koch’s postulate was proved by pin prick method. The pathogen was further confirmed as P. palmarum by molecular characterization by using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The cultural and physiological studies recorded the highest colony growth on potato dextrose agar medium ( 90 mm) and the colony colour varied from greyish white to white with completely serrated to smooth margin, while the temperature 25oC and pH 6.0 were found to be the best for the growth of the pathogen. Among the different fungicides, bioagents and botanicals tested under laboratory conditions, the mean mycelial inhibition was highest among the fungicides such as ziram (1000 ppm), carbendazim and thiophonate methyl (500 ppm), trifloxystrobin 25 per cent + tebuoconazole 50 per cent (1000 ppm). Among fungal and bacterial bioagents, highest mycelial inhibition was found in Tricoderma viride-2 (Tv-2) of 71.30 per cent and Bacillus subtilis (Bs-O) with 52.22 per cent while among botanicals, turmeric extracts (20 %) were found most effective against the growth of the pathogen.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POMEGRANATE WILT CAUSED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst.(2021-12-27) SUHAS RAJENDRA, LOKURE; SOMASEKHARA, Y M.Pomegranate is an important commercially grown fruit crop of India. The crop suffers from many diseases, among them wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. is a major threat to pomegranate production. The present investigation was undertaken to know the occurrence of the disease in southern Karnataka, in vitro evaluation of fungicide, bio-agents and botanicals. The maximum wilt incidence was observed in Yelladakere (62.06%) followed by Maralavadi (52.00%) and Veerapura (40.00%). The pathogen was identified based on molecular studies as C. fimbriata (OK597212). The pathogen grew well on potato dextrose agar, potato carrot agar and corn meal agar media. The favourable temperature of 30°C and pH 7.0 were found ideal for the growth of the pathogen. Among different fungicides, propiconazole (81.25%), propineb (92.98%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (saaf) (100%) were found most effective under in vitro condition. The highest inhibition of the pathogen was found in pongamia leaf extract (59.83%). Among the fungal and bacterial bio-agents Trichoderma viride-Tv 3 (80.55%) and Bacillus subtilis Dharwad isolate (63.33%) were showed maximum mycelial inhibition of C. fimbriata under in vitro conditions.ThesisItem Embargo DISTRIBUTION OF Alternaria species IN SUNFLOWER, THEIR HOST RANGE AND MANAGEMENT(2022-12-12) DIVYASHREE; C. P. ManjulaSunflower an important oilseed crop of India is affected by diverse species of Alternaria causing leaf blight and with significant yield loss. Isolates of Alternaria (23 nos.) from Chitradurga, Chikkaballapur, Chamarajnagar and Bengalore Urban were studied morphologically and grouped to different species, that was re-confirmed by sequence analysis of ITS, Alt 1 a, SSU, GAPDH, endoPG, OPA10-2 and species specific genes (AA, AHN1and QPHEL). It revealed the prevalence of species with distribution frequency as A. alternata (91.65 %), A. tenuissima (66.6 %) A. helianthi (55.33 %) and, A. solani, A. burnsii and A. gossypina had similar frequency (33 %). A. alternata had highest distribution frequency in Chikkaballapur, Bangalore Urban, Chamarajnagar whereas A. tenuissima and A. alternata in Chitradurga only. A. helianthi was second highest in Bangalore Urban. Host range studies revealed that, A. alternata, A. tenuissima and A. helianthi are not host specific and can infect other members of asteraceae family (African marigold, China aster, Safflower and Parthenium). While – A. burnsii, A.solani and A. gossypina infected sunflower only not other host species. In vitro assays of new fungicide molecules revealed that Fluopyram 17.7 % + Tebuconazole 17.7 % 400 SC at 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Under field lowest disease severity (7.36% PDI) and best seed yield (2153 Kg/ha) were obtained in seed treatment with Fluxapyroxad FS @ 1.5 g/kg seed followed by foliar spray with Fluopyram 17.7 % + Tebuconazole 17.7 % 400 SC @ 1 ml/L on disease appearance.
