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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ELITE MUTANTS INDUCED THROUGH PHYSICAL MUTAGEN FOR FLORAL TRAITS IN GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus hybrida L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-09) DEEPA V PAWADASHETTI; R. VASANTHA KUMARIAn experiment was conducted on investigation and identification of elite mutants induced through physical mutagen for floral traits in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrida L.) at floriculture unit, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during the years 2020-2022. The data from two generations revealed that 25 Gy gamma ray dosage had shown maximum variation in most of the vegetative, floral, corm and quality parameters. In M1 generation untreated corms of Arka Pratham (9.13 days) recorded minimum number of days for sprouting, maximum length of spike was observed in Arka Gold corms treated with 25 Gy (120.07 cm), maximum floret diameter was recorded in Arka Gold corms treated with 25 Gy (11.13 cm), maximum number of spikes per corm was recorded in Arka Amar corms treated with 25 Gy (1.80), maximum diameter of the corm was recorded in Arka Gold corms treated with 25 Gy (12.07 cm), maximum vase life of spikes was recorded in Arka Amar corms treated with 25 Gy (10.00 days). In M2 generation untreated corms in Arka Pratham (9.47 days) took minimum number of days for sprouting, , highest length of spike was recorded in Arka Gold corms treated with 25 Gy (120.87 cm), maximum floret diameter was recorded in Arka Gold corms treated with 25 Gy (11.13 cm), more number of spikes per corm was recorded in Arka Amar corms treated with 25 Gy (2.07), more diameter of the corm was recorded in Arka Gold corms treated with 25 Gy (12.60 cm), more vase life of spikes was recorded in Arka Amar corms treated with 25 Gy (10.53 days), more number of abnormal leaves was recorded in Arka Gold corms treated with 55 Gy (4.69). Among three varieties Arka Amar performed better i.e. maximum number of spikes per corm, number of florets per spike and vase life of spikes was recorded.ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF NANO NPK FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH, FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF SAPOTA (Manilkara achras Mill Fosberg) Cv. KALIPATTI(2023-01-31) PRIYANKA MIRJI; SRINIVASAPPA, K. N.The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nano NPK fertilizer application on growth, fruit yield and quality of sapota (Manilkara achras Mill Fosberg) Cv. Kalipatti during the years 2020-21 and 2021-22. The pooled data from two successive years for sapota tree revealed that treatment consisting of 50 per cent RDF with foliar application of 0.3 per cent nano NPK fertilizer had significant influence on parameters like plant height (3.71 m), plant spread in East-West (8.83 m) and North- South (8.48 m) direction, less number of days taken for flower initiation (28.50 days), maximum number of flowers per shoot (39.00), per cent fruit set (81.67 %), less duration of flowering (28.00 days), fruit length (6.47 cm), fruit width (5.35 cm), fruit volume (77.33 ml), circumference of the fruit (23.70 cm), fruit weight at harvest stage (155.00 g) and at ripe stage (132.33 g), fruit pulp weight (25.17 g), number of fruits per shoot (32.00), number of fruits per tree (1441.33), average fruit weight (119.83 g), yield per tree (169.56 kg) and yield per hectare (16.96 t) with the benefit cost ratio of 7.77. The treatment consisting of 50 per cent RDF with foliar application of 0.2 per cent nano NPK fertilizer was recorded greater values for parameters like TSS (21.00 oBrix), shelf life (6.83 days), fruit firmness (72.51 N), physiological loss in weight of fruits (2.16 %), acidity (0.16 %) and overall acceptability of fruits (5.00). Chlorophyll content (2.17 mg/g), reducing and total sugars were found maximum (9.24 % and 22.02 % respectively) in treatment consisting of 50 per cent RDF with foliar application of 0.1 per cent nano NPK fertilizer.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ELITE TISSUE CULTURE RAISED BANANA VARIETIES FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA (BENGALURU CONDITION)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-21) BALESH GOUDAPPANAVAR; P. VENKATESHA MURTHYA field experiment was carried out on “Evaluation of elite tissue culture raised banana varieties for growth, yield and quality under southern dry zone of Karnataka (Bengaluru condition)” during 2018 to 2020 at Department of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. The healthy, vigorous and uniform sized twelve tissue culture raised banana varieties were collected from different locations and planted at spacing of 1.8 m × 1.8 m with trench method and the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. Among the varieties, highest plant height (342.73 cm), pseudostem girth (88.93cm) and number of leaves per plant (24.67) was obtained in Udhayam at shooting stage. The time taken for an early shooting (228.40 days), shooting to harvesting (118.53 days) and least crop duration (346.93 days) was noticed in Grand Naine and it was followed in Williams. Among the varieties, the more number of hands per bunch (13.60), number of fingers per bunch (200.13), length of bunch (78.67 cm), weight of bunch per plant (26.34 kg), yield per hectare (81.32 t/ha), highest level of TSS (21.40 0B), reducing sugar (16.20 %), non reducing sugar (3.93 %) and total sugar (20.13 %) was recorded in Grand Naine. The sensory parameters and pulp to peel ratio was superior in Yelakki bale. The cost benefit ratio was highest in Grand Naine (1:3.45) and Williams (1:3.05). The varieties such as Grand Naine, Williams and Yelakki bale were considered as most suitable for cultivation under southern dry zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON STANDARDIZATION OF IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF PAPAYA (cv. RED LADY) UNDER PROTECTED AND OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-21) VINOD GODI; MAHABALESHWAR HEGDEStudies on growth, yield and quality of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady as influenced by different irrigation and fertilizer levels were conducted separately under open field and protected conditions at PFDC (Precision Farming Development Center), Department of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2018-19 to 2019-20. Under open field conditions, drip irrigation @ 60%,90% and 120% E pan (mm/day) and 125 percent recommended dose of fertilizers (250:250:500 g NPK/ha/plant/annum) applied in 24 split dose per year at 15 days interval registered significantly the highest vegetative parameters like plant height (255.62 cm), stem girth (58.47 cm) and total leaf area (26.99 m2). With respect to yield parameters, plants showed significantly the highest fruit yield per plant (39.64 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (122.32 t/ha) at an irrigation level of 50%,80% and 100% E pan (mm/day) + 125 per cent RDF. Under protected conditions, the plants registered significantly the highest vegetative parameters of plant height (388.51 cm), stem girth (74.91 cm) and total leaf area (41.58 m2) at an irrigation level of 60%,90% and 120% E pan (mm/day) combined with 150 per cent RDF, while the highest yield parameters like fruit yield per plant (77.70 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (239.77 t/ha) were recorded at an irrigation level of 50%,80% and 100% E pan (mm/day) + 125 per cent RDF. The highest TSS (13.83 0 Brix and 12.15 0 Brix) and B carotene content (5.48 mg/100 g and 4.15 mg/100g) were noticed in the fruits of papaya plants irrigated @ 40%, 60% and 80% E pan combined with 125 per cent RDF under open field and protected condition, respectively. The appearance of PRSV (Papaya Ring Spot Virus) was noticed after one year of growth and development under protected conditions, while the symptoms and damages were early, starting from 3 months stage of growth and development itself under open field conditions. As high as 108.30 per cent more yield and good marketable appearance of fruits produced under protected conditions fetched a cost to benefit ratio of 1:3.03 with the highest net return of Rs. 28.89 lakhs per hectare, as against Rs.10.55 lakhs net returns per hectare with a cost to benefit ratio of 1:2.35 under open field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF ELITE TAMARIND (Tamarindus indica L.) ACCESSIONS AND OPTIMISATION OF SEASON AND GROWING CONDITIONS FOR MAXIMISING SUCCESS OF SOFTWOOD GRAFTS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-11-11) PRAVEENAKUMAR, R; PRAVEENAKUMAR, R; PRAVEENAKUMAR, R; Gopinath, G; Gopinath, G; Gopinath, GAn experiment was conducted on “Identification of Elite Tamarind (Tamarindusindica L.) Accessions and Optimisation of Season and Growing Conditions for Maximising Success of Softwood Grafts” during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Department ofHorticulture, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru and Hosakote Forest Station, Department of Forest, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru Rural District. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and fifty accessions. In the present study, the genotypes showed variation in terms of shape of fruit, morphometric characters, phytochemical characters and nutrient content. Significantly higher values were recorded with respect to weight of fruit (GKTAM-18: 35.61 g), length of fruit (HSTAM-28: 21.36 cm), weight of pulp (GKTAM-18: 18.94 g), pulp percentage (GKTAM-1: 55.79 %), fibre percentage (HSTAM-40: 29.40 %), titrable acidity (GKTAM-19:16.89 %), tartaric acid percentage (HSTAM-28:12.15 %), potassium percentage (GKTAM-1: 24.18 %), manganese percentage (HSTAM48: 3.29 %) and ascorbic acid content (GKTAM-19: 11.27 mg/100g). Correlation studies indicated thatweight of fruit was significantly and positively associated with weight of fibre, thickness of fruit, weight of pulp, width of fruit, length of fruit, shell weight, tartaric acid and titrable acidity contents of pulp. Softwood grafting studies indicated most graft success (83.23 %) and survival percentage (96.01 %) during the month of March (M3) under Mist chamber (C4) condition. Therefore, GKTAM-1, GKTAM-18 and HSTAM-28 genotypes were found to be most promising and can be used either for further evaluation or selection as a commercial variety or as genetic source in tamarind improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access COLLECTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF BLACK TURMERIC (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHOGENETIC AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-09) MOHAN KUMAR, A.B.; VASUNDHARA, M.Collections of 33 black turmeric genotypes from provenance of the country was made to understand the wider adaptability, spread and distribution of the species in Indian subcontinent. Variation was observed for all the DUS descriptors. Out of 25 characters, 4 were monomorphic, 11 dimorphic and 10 were polymorphic characters. GKM-2, GKB-3, GKJ-5, GMI-22 and GMR-31 were noted as adaptable genotypes to local conditions. ANOVA revealed significant differences among the genotypes. PCV and GCV were moderate to high and high heritability was observed for majority of the characters. Freshrhizome yield per plant had positive and highly significant association with all the characters, except number of mother rhizomes per clump. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the weight of primary and mother rhizomes had positive direct effect on fresh rhizome yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Mahalanobis D2 statistics, grouped 33 genotypes in to 8 divergent clusters, independent of their geographical locations. SSR profiles generated with sixteen primers revealed huge variation in percentage of polymorphic bands produced by them. Pairwise similarity was observed in 13 sets of genotypes, while 14 sets had least similarity. Dendrogram formed 3 major clusters. Majority of genotypes intermingled in different clusters irrespective of their geographical affiliations. ITS-2 markers identified Kaempferia parviflora, Curcuma kwangsiensis and 17 promising black turmeric genotypes precisely through higher alignment of the sequence with matched nucleotide. Biochemical profiling confirms intraspecific diversity in the chemical composition of genotypes with respect to the geographical distribution.ThesisItem Open Access CONSERVATION OF RET ORCHID SPECIES OF WESTERN GHATS REGION OF KODAGU DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE: Studies on Microhabitat, Morphological Characteristics, and Micropropagation of Selected Species(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-07-30) DEEKSHA RAJ, N.; B. N., SATHYANARAYANAAn investigation was conducted to study the Microhabitat, Morphological characteristics, and Micropropagation of selected RET orchid species. Among the species studied in Western Ghat belts of Kodagu region, many species of Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum sterile, Rhynchostylis retusa, and Pholidota imbricata were found settled on a wide range of host trees but had a higher abundance on select native species such as Ficus mysorensis, Careya arborea, Mangifera indica, and Nothopegia racemosa. In the present study, most species studied for morphological characteristics were from tribe Malaxideae. In studies in vitro, PLBs were best initiated on half-strength semi-solid MS media. Among the different orchid sp., Dendrobium ovatum produced PLBs at the earliest (20 days) after culture initiation on nutrient media. Number of shoots (11.20) their length (5.20 cm) and number of leaves (6.40) were maximum in cultures raised on media containing 2 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with constant 0.5 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) in Dendrobium heterocarpum and Polystachya. concreta and Dendrobium macrostachyum at 90 days after culture. Investigations using coconut water (CW) as an organic adjuvant at a concentration 15 per cent (along with BAP) showed very promising results (3.40 days) in enhancing formation of protomeristem from seeds of Dendrobium ovatum cultured. In MS media with coconut water 15 per cent registered maximum (12.80) shoots in Dendrobium heterocarpum. The longest shoot length (5.84 cm) and number of leaves (8.60) were recorded in media supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and CW 15 per cent in Polystachya concreta and Dendrobium heterocarpum. The first visible root was noted in media containing 2 mg L-1 Idolebutyric acid (IBA) at 8 days after root initiation in Dendrobium ovatum. Among all the species studied longest (7.20 cm) root length was recorded in Dendrobium macrostachyum in media supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IBA at 90 days after root initiation. The results of the studies presented here have implications for the conservation of RET orchid species Western Ghats kodagu district.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GARDEN PEAS (Pisum sativum L.) FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER OPEN FIELD AND SHADE HOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-06-28) ANITHA, P; GOPINATH, GAn Experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20, with fifteen varieties of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) to study their growth, yield and quality by adapting Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications under open field and shade house conditions. The study under open field condition revealed significant differences with Arka Karthik registering greater height of plant (86.11 cm), more number of branches per plant (14.88), length of internode (7.41 cm), number of pods per plant (20.29), length of pod (10.30 cm), wider green pod (2.66 cm), weight of pod (9.42 g), yield of pods per plant (185.80 g) and per hectare (217.75 q ha-1). Under shade house condition, Arka Apoorva registered significant vegetative growth, yield of pods per plant (92.62 g) and per hectare (157.50 q ha-1). With respect to Post harvest quality parameters, under open field condition, higher protein content (25.18 %) and firmness (24.55 N) were registered with Arka Karthik and under shade house condition, higher protein content (23.31% ) was registered with PSM-4. Yield of pods per plant exhibited significant and positive correlation with many of growth and yield attributes under open field and shade house conditions. Among 15 varieties of Garden Pea, highest Benefit: Cost ratio was registered with Arka Karthik (5.84) under open field condition and with Arka Apoorva (3.31) under shade house condition.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NUTRIENT FORMULATIONS FOR MINI-TUBER PRODUCTION OF POTATO THROUGH AEROPONIC TECHNIQUE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-06-28) RAGHAVENDRA, NAIK; NARSE GOWDA, N CAeroponic production of mini-tubers by using early generation planting material in controlled condition is a rapid multiplication method to get early generation, virus free quality seed tubers. The solution containing 50 per cent higher dose of all nutrients over and above the modified Hoagland solution recorded higher values for growth and nutrient uptake at 45 days after transplanting (DAT) during pre-tuberization period. Among two growing conditions (net house and greenhouse), higher day and night temperature with low light intensity accelerated the growth parameters in greenhouse, but higher temperature resulted in reduced tuberization. The higher photosynthetic partitioning favored by congenial environment in net house, recorded substantial mini-tuber production. With little variations in environmental conditions, potato seed tuber production was possible in kharif in net house (15.06 in kharif as against 22.94 mini-tubers per plant in rabi). The reduction of light by shade treatment adversely affected the plant growth, tuberization and nutrient uptake. Regulation of root zone temperature to optimum level resulted in reduced physiological stress on plants and recorded higher number of mini tubers per plant (24.39). The decreased dose of nitrogen application after 45 DAT till the end of crop duration resulted in triggered mini-tuber production (23.97). In subtropical condition like in Bengaluru higher number of tubers per plant was observed in Kufri Himalini (21.9) than in Kufri Jyoti (20.27). Lesser number of mini-tubers per plant (18.98) was recorded with the use of commercial water soluble fertilizers as compared to laboratory grade nutrient salts used in modified Hoagland solution (23.19 mini-tubers per plant).
