COLLECTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF BLACK TURMERIC (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHOGENETIC AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
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Date
2021-12-09
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Abstract
Collections of 33 black turmeric genotypes from provenance of the country was made to understand the wider adaptability, spread and distribution of the species in Indian subcontinent. Variation was observed for all the DUS descriptors. Out of 25 characters, 4 were monomorphic, 11 dimorphic and 10 were polymorphic characters. GKM-2, GKB-3, GKJ-5, GMI-22 and GMR-31 were noted as adaptable genotypes to local conditions. ANOVA revealed significant differences among the genotypes. PCV and GCV were moderate to high and high heritability was observed for majority of the characters. Freshrhizome yield per plant had positive and highly significant association with all the characters, except number of mother rhizomes per clump. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the weight of primary and mother rhizomes had positive direct effect on fresh rhizome yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Mahalanobis D2 statistics, grouped 33 genotypes in to 8 divergent clusters, independent of their geographical locations. SSR profiles generated with sixteen primers revealed huge variation in percentage of polymorphic bands produced by them. Pairwise similarity was observed in 13 sets of genotypes, while 14 sets had least similarity. Dendrogram formed 3 major clusters. Majority of genotypes intermingled in different clusters irrespective of their geographical affiliations. ITS-2 markers identified Kaempferia parviflora, Curcuma kwangsiensis and 17 promising black turmeric genotypes precisely through higher alignment of the sequence with matched nucleotide. Biochemical profiling confirms intraspecific diversity in the chemical composition of genotypes with respect to the geographical distribution.