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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF SALT TOLERANT VERSION OF KMP-149 RICE VARIETY THROUGH MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) SANDESH G M; C. A. DEEPAKRice is a major cereal that nourishes more than half of the global population but productivity of rice is greatly affected by soil salinity across the world which is the second most widespread abiotic stress after drought. In the present investigation 36 rice genotypes were identified as saline tolerant following screening in 100 mM NaCl salt solution with six genotypes having new haplotype. Further, we have developed salt tolerant versions of KMP-149 through marker assisted backcross breeding by successful introgression of Saltol QTL into the genetic background of KMP-149 from the donor FL478 using Saltol QTL linked markers. While SSR markers RM8094, RM3412 and RM10748 were used in foreground selection, 77 unrelated polymorphic markers were employed for background selection. Backcrossing the F1s harboring Saltol QTL with KMP-149 as recurrent parent resulted in BC1F1 population. The foreground selection among BC1F1 plants revealed 14 triple positive plants, which were backcrossed to generate BC2F1. Background selection in plants morphologically similar to KMP-149 showed highest genome recovery of 79.87 % and 90.26 % at BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations, respectively. Foreground selection among selected 70 BC2F2 plants identified 15 homozygous Saltol QTL positive plants with highest genome recovery of 93.51%. Similarly, in BC3F1 generation 11 plants were having Saltol QTL and had a highest genome recovery of 95.45%. In BC2F3 generation, six lines were identified as tolerant to salt stress with a visual salt injury score of 3 on screening for salinity tolerance at 100 mM NaCl concentration. BC2F2 and BC3F1 plants possessing Saltol QTL had grain and plant type comparable to that of KMP-149. Hence, improved version of KMP-149, with tolerance to salt stress, appear promising for enhancing rice production in salinity-affected soils.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CORE SETS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merrill) GERMPLASM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-25) KAVERI CHAWAN; P. RavishankarThe development of a reduced representative set from a large base collection enhances its role in crop improvement. Considering the size of current soybean germplasm (2000 accessions) obtained from IISR (Indian Institute of Soybean Research), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, felt the difficulty in conserving, characterizing, and evaluating it, an attempt was made to develop a core set in order to increase its usage in breeding. A set of 2000 germplasm accessions along with 3 check varieties were characterized for 13 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits following augmented design at GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru. Substantial polymorphism for qualitative traits and genetic variability for quantitative traits in the germplasm were observed. A total of eight core sets were developed using seven quantitative traits data following standard stratified clustering approach. Qualitative trait-based statistics such as chi-square test, class coverage and Shannon-Weaver diversity index were used as validation criteria to examine homogeneity, retention of qualitative traits-based classes, and polymorphism diversity respectively. Quantitative trait-based univariate statistics (mean and variance) and standardized multivariate statistics (SMD%, CR%, VD% and VR%) were used to assess the representativeness of core sets. A Core set of 15 per cent size developed using logarithmic sampling with preferred allocation strategy was identified as the best representative of the base collection. This core set is suggested as a priority resource for use in breeding programme. To identify trait specific accessions from the core set, 300 (15% core size) soybean germplasm accessions were characterized for 13 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits using augmented design at two locations, viz., GKVK Bengaluru and KVK Dodballapura, during Kharif 2022. Based on early flowering, less plant height, early maturity and higher expression of accessions for other four traits, single trait-specific and multiple trait-specific accessions were identified. Twenty five accessions were found promising for combination of desirable traits.ThesisItem Embargo IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH YIELDING, CALCIUM AND ZINC RICH FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) CORE GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) SHRADDANJALI NARASANNAVAR; SHASHIDHARA, K. S.An investigation was carried out to unravel the genetic variability for yield, its component traits and grain nutrient content in 97 core germplasm accessions of finger millet along with three checks. They were evaluated during summer 2022 at College of Agriculture karekere Hassan, in Simple Lattice Design with two replications. Results revealed the significant difference for all the quantative traits which indicated the presence of adequate diversity. Narrow difference between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation suggested the limited influence of environment. Estimates of heritability with GAM were high for plant height, flag leaf blade length, peduncle length, ear head length, finger length and grain yield plant-1 indicating the predominance of additive gene action. Using k-means clustering the genotypes were grouped into fourteen clusters, of which cluster IX is largest group with 13 accessions followed by cluster V and XIII with 11 accessions, respectively indicating diversity among them. The estimation of grain nutrient content for promising top twenty-two germplasm lines and three checks, revealed that GE71 has higher calcium and GE217 has high zinc content. These, promising germplasm accessions can be used in future breeding programmes for the improvement of existing cultivars. The principle component analysis of adjusted correlated and standardized two micronutrient contents of twenty-two germplasm and three checks resulted in two major principle components (PCs) which together explained 94.48% of variabilityThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE (EMS) IN NIGER (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-17) HEMALATHA S; R. NandiniNiger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass., 2n=2x=30) is an oilseed crop said to have originated in Ethiopia. Niger seeds contain 37-47% oil and 24-34% protein, making it one of the healthiest oils for consumer usage. The present investigation was carried out to genetically improve the crop through mutation breeding by creating variability. The objectives of the study include determination of LD50, screening for yield-related traits, analyzing the cross-compatibility pattern and isolate desirable mutants in JNC-6 cultivar. The seeds were treated with EMS of different concentrations viz., 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.9%. LD50 was found to be 0.7%. Significant differences were observed among the different concentrations for all the traits indicating the prevalence of variability in M1 and M2 generations. Lethal dose of 0.7% dose was most effective in enhancing the mean, range, coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance in all the characters studied. Frequency of morphological mutations like chlorophyll mutants, plant type mutants, and floral mutants were recorded in 0.7% EMS. Niger being a cross-pollinated crop with selfincompatibility, petriplate pollination technique was employed to assess the compatibility pattern. Out of 400 inter-crosses performed 60.25% of crosses were recorded to be compatible and remaining 39.75% of the crosses were found to be incompatible. Among the compatible crosses 1.00% of the crosses exhibited self-compatibility, 45.91% exhibited one-way compatibility and remaining 44.02% of the crosses were two-way compatibility. In the present study, having high yield, semi dwarf and high self-fertility percentage mutants have been isolated.ThesisItem Embargo IDENTIFICATION OF SUPERIOR F6 PROGENIES FOR LATE LEAF SPOT (LLS), POD YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN FIVE CROSSES OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) MUKKAMALLA RAMTEJA REDDY; MUKKAMALLA RAMTEJA REDDY; Marappa, N.; Marappa, N.Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed crop and yield levels are significantly affected by the incidence of late leaf spot (LLS) disease. Creation and utilization of genetic variability for LLS disease resistance with yield advantage is the crucial step in groundnut crop improvement. An investigation was carried out to understand genetic variability in F5 and F6 generations of crosses viz., TMV 2 × ICGV 86699, TMV 2 × GBFDS 272, TMV 2 × ICGV 91177, GKVK 4 × ICGV 91177 and GKVK 4 × GBFDS 272 for LLS disease resistance, pod yield and its attributing traits. High GCV, PCV estimates with high heritability coupled with moderate GAM was observed for per cent disease index at 60, 75, 90 and 105 DAS. Estimation of narrow sense heritability using parent offspring regression revealed low to moderate narrow sense heritability for pod yield attributing traits and LLS disease resistance. Among the twenty superior progenies identified for high yield and resistance to LLS, many were from the cross TMV 2 × ICGV 91177, hence this cross was considered as best cross. Twenty superior progenies for LLS disease resistance and also for high pod yield from among the five crosses studied and these lines could be advanced to next generation to achieve stabilityThesisItem Embargo CHARACTERIZATION OF GERMPLASM FOR YIELD AND IT’S ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) MUBARAK A SALI; KRISHNA, T. V.One hundred forty seven cowpea germplasm accessions were evaluated in Bengaluru, Pavagada and Mandya locations in α- lattice design to assess variability and Genotype Environment interaction in summer 2022. High heritability with high GAM was observed for plant height, primary branches per plant, pods per plant, average pod length, average seeds per pod and average grain yield per plant at all three locations. K- means clustering method was used to classify 147 genotypes, as a result 12 clusters were identified. Cluster 8 was largest with 22 genotypes and cluster 7 was smallest with four genotypes. Cluster 7 and cluster 6 had highest inter cluster distance and genotypes belonging to these clusters can be used as parents for further crop improvement programme. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was used to detect and characterize genotype × environment interaction (GEI). GGE bi-plot was used to visually interpret GEI patterns of genotypes. Based on mean vs. stability pattern, genotypes KBC-2, IC-237422 and EC-170574- 6 were found to be highly stable with high mean grain yield per plant. Based on ‘which won- where’ pattern for average grain yield per plant, genotypes IC-402159 and CB-1024 were better in Bengaluru, and Pavagada location and genotypes IC-458492, NBC-51 and EC-472252 were better in Mandya location. Based on ASV, genotypes EC-458483, EC-394708, NBC-18 were found to be stable across three locations. Based on SI, genotypes IC-198355(45), EC-472271, EC-394708 were found stable with high mean grain yield per plant.ThesisItem Embargo GENETIC EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORE SET OF KODO MILLET [Paspalum scrobiculatum (L.)] GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS(2023-02-07) DIVYA, D. S.Development of a reduced representative set of a large base collection enables its enhanced use in crop improvement. Considering the size of current kodo millet germplasm (1390 accessions) being maintained at AICRP on Small Millets, ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore is unwieldy for management, characterization and evaluation hence an attempt was made to develop a core set of kodo millet germplasm. A set of 1390 germplasm accessions along with five check varieties were characterized for 16 qualitative traits and evaluated for 11 quantitative traits in a augmented design during Kharif 2021 at ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean squares due to germplasm accessions for most of the quantitative traits. Substantial polymorphism for qualitative traits was also evident. Based on grain yield, ten superior kodo millet germplasm accessions were identified which can be further used in kodo millet improvement programmes. A core set was developed using the data on 9 qualitative and 6 quantitative traits of 980 germplasm accessions following heuristic strategies-based approaches. Qualitative traits-based statistics such as ‘class coverage’, and ‘Shannon-Weaver diversity index’ and Quantitative traits based univariate statistics -mean and variance and standardized multivariate statistics such as SMD%, CR%, VD% and VR% were used to assess the representativeness of core sets. Heuristic approach-based core set of 6.83% consisting of 67 germplasm lines was identified as the best representative of the base collection. This core set is suggested as a priority resource for use in breeding kodo millet.ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY OF TMV-2 TYPE GROUNDNUT ADVANCED BREEDING LINES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-01-31) PREMIKA B. P.; P. VenkataravanaThe Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a self-pollinated and allotetraploid crop. Eight advanced breeding lines which are derived from three crosses viz., TMV-2 × ICGV- 91114, TMV-2 × TG-69 and TMV-2 × ICGV-00350 along with two checks viz., TMV-2 and K-6 following RCBD with three replications were sown at NSP, GKVK, Bengaluru, OFRS Mandya and ARS, Balajigapade during Kharif 2021 and Rabi 2021. Based on GGE biplot for ranking of genotypes during Kharif 2021, ABLs viz., T82 and T72 were found to be adaptable whereas during Rabi 2021, ABL T89 was found to be adaptable for kernel yield plant-1. “Which won where pattern” of GGE biplot showed that during Kharif 2021, ABLs T72 and T82 were winning genotype in GKVK, ABLs T77, T65 and T61 were winning genotypes in Mandya and ABL T89 was found to be winning genotype in Balajigapade for kernel yield plant-1. During Rabi 2021, ABL T72 was found to be winning genotype in GKVK, ABLs T65 and T79 were found to be winning genotype in Mandya and ABL T89 was found to be winning genotype in Balajigapade for kernel yield plant-1. Based on ASV and SI, for kernel yield plant-1, during Kharif 2021 ABLs T65, T77, T81 and T82 were found to be adaptable whereas during Rabi 2021 ABLs T77, T81, T82 and T65 were found to be stable. ABLs T65, T77, T81 and T82 were found to be stable across the season. The stable lines identified can be used as a parents in developing segregating population.ThesisItem Embargo COMPARATIVE BREEDING POTENTIAL OF SEGREGATING POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM VARYING NUMBER OF PARENTS IN SWEETCORN (Zea mays var. saccharata)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-01-27) DANDE JYOSHNA; Ramanappa, T. M.Cultivars derived from bi-parental crosses not only have a narrow genetic base but also often lack the desired combination of traits, leading to their genetic vulnerability. We hypothesized that cultivars derived from multi-parent populations are likely to have greater trait means genetic variability and hence a broader genetic base. To test this hypothesis, the breeding potential of six segregating populations derived from crosses involving a varying number of parents were field evaluated during Summer 2022 at the Experimental Plots of AICRP on Seed (Crops), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore for ten quantitative traits. The breeding potential of six segregating populations was assessed based on three statistical parameters. Considering that different statistical parameters lead to the identification of the different populations with good breeding potential, the rank-sum method was employed as an objective criterion to identify populations with better breeding potential. Segregating populations derived from single cross hybrid; [BNG-3 × 40023] with lower rank-sum was considered to possess higher breeding potential followed by segregating populations derived from three-way cross hybrid; [(40225 × MAI-283) × 40224]. Segregating population derived from a three-way cross hybrid; [(40225 × MAI-283) × 40224] produced a high frequency of transgressive segregants for grain yield plant-1. These segregating populations could preferentially be advanced to isolate advanced breeding lines. Based on this study, the optimum number of parental lines determined to be involved in generating potential segregating populations was not more than three
