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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF QTL CONTROLLING POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE AND SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN BLACK GRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-27) MAMATA KHANDAPPAGOL; RANGAIAH, S.Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Erysiphe polygoni DC is the greatest impact on yield losses in blackgram. An attempt was made to identify resistant sources with high seed yield to develop mapping population and identification of Quantitative trait loci (QTL). A set of 50 germplasm were evaluated for their reaction to PM and seed yield at K block, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during Kharif 2017 and genotypes LBG-17, IC- 281977, LBG-645 were resistant and high yielding. The magnitude of variation revealed by PCV and GCV was high for PM and seed yield. QTL controlling PM resistance and seed yield were mapped using 71 SSRs in 180 F2:3 progenies derived from the cross TAU-1 (susceptible) × LBG-17 (Resistant). A total of 63 polymorphic markers were assigned to eleven chromosomes of blackgram with threshold LOD of 3 covering 2726.02 cM with an average density of 43.27 cM. A major QTL for PM resistance was detected on LG 9 at 129.00 cM, flanked by the markers CEDG166 and VrCSSSR3 with an interval of 6.00cM and explained phenotypic variance of 13.35% with negative additive effect of -2.236 and dominant effect of 9.029. A major QTL for seed yield and number of pods per cluster was detected on LG 4 at 180.00cM and 178.00cM respectively, flanked by the markers, VrCSSSR2 and CEDG282 with an interval of 22.00cM and 41.00cM, and explained 15.71 and 14.28% of total phenotypic variation. It is proposed to saturate the linkage map, confirm and validate the identified QTL for use in marker assisted blackgram breeding.ThesisItem Open Access DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF LATE WILT DISEASE RESISTANCE CONFERRING QTL AND THEIR EFFECT ON GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-26) SUNITHA, N. C.; GANGAPPA, E.Late Wilt Disease (LWD) caused by Harpophora maydis is emerging as a potential production constraint in maize. Development and deployment of LWD resistant cultivars is regarded as cost-effective and environmentally benign strategy to reduce losses due to LWD. LWD resistance is complexly inherited trait with significant G × E interaction and hence DNA markers could be used as surrogates while breeding maize for LWD resistance. LWD resistant cultivars are commercially acceptable only if their grain yield potential is not compromised. As a prelude to develop LWD resistant cultivars, impact of LWD on grain yield, genetics in terms of number and size effects of QTL associated with LWD resistance, and their effect on grain yield were investigated. A total of 26 commercial maize hybrids were evaluated in two separate sets viz., LWD inoculated and non-inoculated (control) sets at three locations. Regression analysis indicated an average decrease in grain yield plant-1 by 7.31 g attributable to every increase in LWD score by one unit. Two F2:3 populations derived from CV156670 × 414- 33 (population-1) and CV156670 × CV143587 (population-2) were phenotyped for LWD response at two locations and genotyped with 150 and 199 polymorphic SNP markers, respectively to detect QTL controlling LWD resistance. One minor QTL each at both locations were detected in population-1 while two QTL each at both the locations were detected in population-2 on chromosome-1. Of these, a common QTL flanked by MARKER-151 and MARKER-152 on chromosome-1 was detected across both locations in population-2, which explained 4.33 % and 10.10 % of variation in LWD resistance. Partial iso-genic hybrids developed by crossing selected BC1S2 families (contrasting for responses to LWD) with susceptible testers belonging to opposite heterotic group were comparable for grain yield and its component traits which suggested absence of significant influence of LWD resistance on these traits. The present study suggested that LWD resistant hybrids may not be associated with yield penalty, which however, needs to be confirmed by large scale evaluation of near-isogenic/iso-genic lines.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN GREEN GRAM [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-10-30) KANAVI MAHADEV URF SANGANNA; RANGAIAH, S.Drought is an important environmental stress severely affecting green gram production. Conventional plant breeding to develop drought tolerant genotypes is rather cumbersome owing to the complex nature of drought. Hence identification of DNA markers linked to drought tolerance traits would enable marker assisted selection. Two hundred germplasm accessions along with five check varieties were subjected to screening for drought tolerance using augmented design at College of Agriculture, Hassan during summer 2015 and ten promising drought tolerant and five susceptible genotypes were identified. These fifteen genotypes along with five check varieties were again evaluated for drought tolerance in RBD design with drought and well-watered conditions during summer 2016. Drought tolerant indices were used to identity drought tolerant and susceptible parents. Crosses were made between these contrasting parents to develop straight RILs and reciprocal RILs using single seed descent method. F6 straight RILs and F6 reciprocal RILs along with check varieties were evaluated for yield, yield component traits and physiological traits under drought condition using augmented design during summer 2018. F6 straight and reciprocal RILs differed significantly for drought tolerance. One hundred reported SSR markers were used to identify DNA polymorphism between parents used for development of straight and reciprocal RILs and 17 primers found to be polymorphic. These 17 primers were amplified on 200 F6 straight RILs. Single marker analysis could reveal linkage of six SSR markers to drought tolerance traits. The marker CEDG 022 positioned on chromosome no.1 was linked to the trait chlorophyll content (SCMR), the marker LR 738A present on chromosome no.6 was linked to the trait leaf water potential. The markers CEDG 268 and DMB SSR 182 present on chromosome no.3 and CEDG 016 and CEDG 044 positioned on chromosome no.4 were linked to the trait relative water content.ThesisItem Open Access FRUITING HABIT GENETICS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON FRUIT TRAITS AND YIELD IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2018-12-17) ANILKUMAR, C.; MOHAN RAO, A.ruits node-1 and fruit orientation are economically important fruiting habit traits in chilli. Fruiting habit(s) could be solitary-erect (SE), solitary-pendant (SP), clustered-erect (CE) and clustered-pendant (CP). Farmer preferences for fruiting habit traits varies from region to region. An understanding of genetics of fruiting habit traits help accelerate breeding chilli cultivars with farmer-preferred desired combination of fruiting habit traits in high fruit yield background. Nine diverse genotypes contrasting for fruiting habit traits were crossed to develop fourteen F1 hybrids of seven distinct fruiting habit trait combinations, namely CE × SE, CP × SP, CE × CP, CE × SP, CP × SE, SE × SP and SE × SP during 2015 rainy season; The F2 and backcross generations (B1 and B2) were developed during 2016 summer. F1, F2, B1 and B2 of all the seven distinct types of crosses were evaluated and pattern of segregation for fruiting habit traits was recorded during 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons at the experimental plots of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. Results indicated bi-allelic monogenic inheritance of fruits node-1 and fruit orientation with solitary being dominant over clustered and pendant being dominant over erect orientation, respectively. Genes controlling fruits node-1 and orientation of fruits segregated independently. Magnitude and direction of additive genetic effects [a] and dominance genetic effects [d] and additive genetic variance (σ 2 A) and dominance genetic variance (σ 2 D) varied with the genetic background of the crosses and traits. Non-significant differences between fruiting habit classes such as (1) S & E, (2) S & P and (3) CE & CP for fruit yield and its contributing traits in both F2 and back cross populations and one pair of near isogenic lines (NILs) indicated the lack of influence of fruiting habit traits on fruit yield and its contributing traits.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC INVESTIGATIONS IN HYBRID PROGENIES OF SELECTED CROSS COMBINATIONS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PROMISING GENOTYPES OF SUGARCANE(Saccharum officinarum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-11-11) SOMU, G.; NAGARAJA, T.E.The present investigation was carried outto assess the variability, yield attributing characters and quality parameters in 2308 progenies developed from the fluffs of different cross combinations along with three standard checks during 2014-15 at ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya. The study revealed that wide range of variability was recorded for all the characters. Further, during 2015-16, 55 clones were selected from the ground nursery along with three checks were used to conducted an experiment in augmented design to assess the genetic variability, correlation, path analysis for yield and yield attributing characters, genetic divergence and identify the best clones for cane yield and other traits. The study revealed ample evidence for the presence of genetic variability for all traits. Cane yield had significant positive correlation with number of millable canes, number of tillers, cane diameter, single cane weight and number of internodes. Path analysis observed that CCS yield had highest positive direct effect on cane yield. Based on Mahalanobis’ D2 distances fifty five clones were grouped into seven clusters and eleven best clones for cane yield and other traits were identified. Stability analysis for cane yield was carried out to assess the stability parameters in fifty two isolated clones derived from different cross combinations of previous years along with three standard checks in a randomized block design with two replication in three different locations. The study revealed that among three environments, for better expression of nine characters first environment Ankali was more favourable. For four characters second environment Kukkuwada was favourable and for the two characters third environment Mandya was favourable. The pooled analysis of variance observed genotypic differences pooled over environments were significant for most of the characters. The stability analysis for cane yield revealed that the seven genotypes indicating their wider adaptability and stable performance across locations.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED MAP AND IDENTIFICATION OF STABLE QTLs FOR TRAITS RELATED TO WUE IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2018-12-24) ERADASAPPA, E.; SAVITHRAMMA, D. L.An investigation on development of integrated molecular map and identification of stable QTLs for traits related to water use efficiency in groundnut was carried out. The material consisting of 160 F9 and F10 RIL population derived from GKVK 4 × NRCG 12473, parents and two checks were evaluated in an augmented design in Bengaluru and Chintamani during summer 2016 and 2017 under well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. Water stress was imposed for 20 days from 50- 70 days after sowing in WS condition. Significant differences among RILs were observed for most of the traits in both the conditions. Relative water content (RWC-After Stress), Specific leaf area (SLA), pods per plant and pod yield per plant showed more variation, high heritability with high genetic advance. Four out of 15 drought tolerant indices tested viz., MP, GMP, HMP and STI were found as better. RIL No.92 and 155 showed higher pod yield in WW and WS conditions across years and locations based on per se performance, biplot analysis and ranking method. An integrated linkage map was developed with 125 SSR marker loci on 20 linkage groups using a genotypic data of 94 RILs. The length of improved linkage map was 1372.05 cM while that of previous map was 763.1 cM. Two M-QTLs one each for SCMR at Chintamani in 2016 and SLA at GKVK in 2017 in WS condition at LOD threshold of 2.5 were detected. Overall two minor QTLs for RWC, four M-QTLs for days to 50 per cent flowering and four M-QTLs for plant height were detected as stable QTLs across locations, years and moisture conditions. A total of 79 Di-QTL interactions with > 5% PVE were detected at LOD score of 5.0. Stable M-QTLs identified can be utilized for marker assisted back cross breeding after revalidation. Stable RILs can be tested in multilocations or could be used in future breeding for drought tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access SSR MARKERS-ASSISTED MAPPING AND VALIDATION OF REPORTED MARKERS LINKED TO GENOMIC REGIONS CONTROLLING ANTHESISSILKING INTERVAL (ASI) AND PRODUCTIVITY PER SE TRAITS USING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2018-12-24) SOWMYA, H. H.; GANGAPPA, E.An investigation was undertaken (i) to assess the genetic variability and identify reproductive-stage moisture stress tolerant F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (ii) to identify superior combiners for grain yield from F4 RILs and (iii) to map anonymous SSR markers and validate SSR markers linked to ASI and productivity per se traits in F5 RILs derived from MAI 349 × BGD 89 from 2016 summer to 2018 kharif at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. The study revealed ample evidence for the presence of genetic variability among the F5 RILs for grain yield and ASI. The F5 recombinant inbred lines 265, 338, 368, 346, 317, 170 251, 73, 287 and 166 were found superior than both the parents MAI 349 and BGD 89 for grain yield and ASI. The F4 inbred line, 163 was identified as good general combiner for both ASI and grain yield plant-1 . The linkage map was constructed using genotypic data of 86 polymorphic SSR markers on 122 F5 RILs at LOD score of 2.5. The total length of map spanned 2515.10 cM with an average density of 29.24 cM. One major QTL for ASI (qASI-1-1) was detected on LG 1 at 161.00 cM, flanked by the markers bnlg2328 and bnlg1892 with an interval of 39.50 cM and explained phenotypic variance of 12.96 per cent. A major QTL for grain yield plant-1 (qGY-7-1) was detected on LG 7 at 57.00 cM, flanked by the markers umc1759 and bnlg292 with an interval of 35.35 cM and explained 13.03 per cent phenotypic variance. A total of 38 di-QTL interactions were detected for days to silking, ASI, cob length and grain yield plant-1 . The association of two SSR markers (bnlg2248 and bnlg2328) with ASI was validated in F5 RIL.ThesisItem Open Access FRUITING HABIT GENETICS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON FRUIT TRAITS AND YIELD IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2018-12-17) ANILKUMAR, C.; MOHAN RAO, A.Fruits node-1 and fruit orientation are economically important fruiting habit traits in chilli. Fruiting habit(s) could be solitary-erect (SE), solitary-pendant (SP), clustered-erect (CE) and clustered-pendant (CP). Farmer preferences for fruiting habit traits varies from region to region. An understanding of genetics of fruiting habit traits help accelerate breeding chilli cultivars with farmer-preferred desired combination of fruiting habit traits in high fruit yield background. Nine diverse genotypes contrasting for fruiting habit traits were crossed to develop fourteen F1 hybrids of seven distinct fruiting habit trait combinations, namely CE × SE, CP × SP, CE × CP, CE × SP, CP × SE, SE × SP and SE × SP during 2015 rainy season; The F2 and backcross generations (B1 and B2) were developed during 2016 summer. F1, F2, B1 and B2 of all the seven distinct types of crosses were evaluated and pattern of segregation for fruiting habit traits was recorded during 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons at the experimental plots of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. Results indicated bi-allelic monogenic inheritance of fruits node-1 and fruit orientation with solitary being dominant over clustered and pendant being dominant over erect orientation, respectively. Genes controlling fruits node-1 and orientation of fruits segregated independently. Magnitude and direction of additive genetic effects [a] and dominance genetic effects [d] and additive genetic variance (σ 2 A) and dominance genetic variance (σ 2 D) varied with the genetic background of the crosses and traits. Non-significant differences between fruiting habit classes such as (1) S & E, (2) S & P and (3) CE & CP for fruit yield and its contributing traits in both F2 and back cross populations and one pair of near isogenic lines (NILs) indicated the lack of influence of fruiting habit traits on fruit yield and its contributing traits.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN TETRAPLOID WHEAT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) RUDRA NAIK, V.; Hanchinal, Dr. R. R.