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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access Development of Dual Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus and its Vector Whitefly {Bemisia tabaci) using Lycopersicon hirsutum (LA1777) Introgressed Lines in Tomato {Lycopersicon esculentum)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) PRABUDDHA, H. R.; R. S. KulkarniNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON GRAIN QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN RABI SORGHUM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) REKHA B. CHITTAPUR; B.D. BIRADARSorghum is one of the major cereal crop after rice, wheat and maize. The yield of kharif sorghum is higher than rabi even though rabi sorghum is highly valued because of its excellent grain and fodder quality. The varieties and hybrids developed and released did not become popular because yield advantage was not substantial over M35-1 and also were accompanied by shoot fly susceptibility and reduction in grain quality. The leaf glossiness and seed lustre arc the two phenotypic markers which are associated with the shoot fly tolerance and grain quality respectively. The 100 rabi genotypes were grown in randomized block design with 3 replications during rabi 2004-05 at Regional Agricultural research Station, Bijapur to assess genetic diversity, variability, correlation and, path analysis for 15 quantitative characters also to study the inheritance of two qualitative traits, leaf glossiness and seed lustre. The characters grain yield, panicle weight, panicle length, number of primaries and dead heart percentage exhibited high GCV and PCV and heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Correlation studies indicated that grain yield had positive and highly significant association with plant height, panicle weight, number of primaries per panicle and test weight, but negatively associated with seed fat content and seed protein content. Among the characters studied, plant height and panicle weight exhibited highest direct positive effect on grain yield. Using D'^ analysis of Mahalanobis (1936), 100 rabi sorghum germplasm lines were grouped 23 clusters. Cluster 1 was the largest with 46 genotypes followed by cluster 11 with 21 genotypes. Remaining clusters were solitary. Inter cluster D^ values ranged from 18.82 between cluster V and IX to 125.27 between cluster XXll and XXIII. Intra cluster distance was highest (30.49) in cluster 1 lowest (26.64) in cluster VI and remaining cluster showed zero (0) intra cluster distances. Based on overall ranking for each cluster across 15 characters, cluster XXI ranked first and cluster XXll and V were next in ranking order appears to be containing most promising genotypes. Inheritance studies on leaf glossiness and seed lustre revealed that both the traits are governed by digenic interaction. Studies on different grain quality traits revealed that while and creamy straw coloured grains, round grain shape, starchy endosperm and both lustrous and non-lustrous seeds were predominant.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIABILITY, CORRELATION, MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN DRY CHILLIES {Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) VANI S. KULKARNI; O. SRIDEVIAn investigation was undertaken during kharif 2005 at Botany Garden of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad with three experiments. The experiment I consisted of evaluation of chilli germplasm for productivity, its component traits, genetic diversity, correlation and path analysis. The analysis variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study. Yield and fruit related traits, exhibited high GCV, PCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Correlation study for yield per plant showed significant positive association with all growth related, yield related and fruit related traits. Plant height, fruit diameter, fruit surface area, pericarp weight showed negative direct effect while all other characters showed positive and high direct effect. The 55 genotypes were grouped into 14 clusters. Cluster XIV having lC-16 genotype showed maximum average mean value for plant height, fruits per plant and yield per plant. RAPD analysis with 20 random primers showed high polymorphism with primer OPJ-01 and OPJ-10. No correlation was observed between morphological and molecular diversity. Segregating F4 populations of chilli was source material for experiment 11, in which genetic variability, correlation and path analysis were estimated. Variability studies revealed high within family variance for most of the characters in all the populations indicating its segregating nature. High phenotypic variance was for productivity traits was observed in S-32 x LCA-312 and S-32 x SK populations. In all the populations, plant growth characters showed positive association with yield. Path analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant had maximum direct effect on yield per plant. In experiment 111, 20 selected F4 families were screened for thrips and mites resistance. Pest susceptibility index and yield stability ratio of above families indicated that, families involving S-32 X SK, S-32 X LCA-312 crosses showed high resistance with high yield in pest environment than checks which could be attributed to resistance of parent S-32 to leaf curl complex.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON RECIPROCAL SELECTION FOR COMBINING ABILITY TO IMPROVE HYBRID PERFORMANCE IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) SOMASHEKHAR; S.A PATILHybrid breeding programmes in eross pollinated erops like maize are supported by various schemes for improving combining ability by handling combining ability as a trait. By utilizing such scheme genetically diverse lines are developed, which when used, give rise to superior hybrid combinations, such method can be employed in cotton. The experimental material of this study was constituted by a set of four hirsutum varietal (parental) lines namely RAH 10 (A), RAH 100 (B), RAH20 (C) and RAH200 (D) forming two diverse single (RAHH102 (A X B) and RAHH136 (C x D)) crosses which are found to be veiy diverse from each other based on predicted double eross performance. Twenty six random F4 lines derived from these two single crosses were selected for use in assessing the variability for combining ability. These lines are crossed with three common testers viz., AACHH1065 (T3), 435308 (T4) and ZCH- 21045 (T5). Another two different testers were used as uncommon/reciprocal testers where RAHH136 (Ti) hybrid serves as a tester for evaluating F4 lines of RAHH102 lines and vice versa te., RAHH102 (T2) hybrid serves as a tester for testing combining ability of F4 lines of RAHH136 lines. The magnitude of variability for combining ability was assessed in terms of range, variance, coeflieient of variance and mean seed cotton yield of these derived Fis (26 dFis per tester) in comparison with straight crosses (crosses of parental lines A, B, C and D with tester concerned) and commercial check. By comparing dFis with superior straight crosses, the magnitude of transgressive segregation for combining ability was determined. Efficiency of testers were also determined based on the mean and variances of the derived Fis. Based on this 435308 (T4) was found to be most efficient in distinguishing the F4 lines of the both crosses, A sizeable portion of derived Fis was significantly superior over commercial check. Among F4 lines R-2 (102) (of RAHH 102) and R-5 (136) (of RAHH 136) lines showed highest improvement in combining ability for seed cotton yield and with regard to fibre properties R-1 (136) and R-6 (102) are the potential combiners. Based on weighted per cent gea method R-11 (102), R-18 (102), 1^21 (136) and R-3 (136) F4 lines were found to be potential combiners with higher pooled scores. The SCA variance for seed cotton yield- was high confirming the role of non-additivity including dominance in governing the expression of seed cotton yield. This also confirms the role of dominant favourable alleles in influencing the seed cotton yield. The combining ability status of most productive crosses in this study helped in drawing the inference about handling the best crosses. Apart from sea, gea effects also contributed to superiority of these crosses justifying the emphasis on developing these Fis into commercial hybrids. In general, the correlation between genetic distances through RAPD among parents and the heterosis shown by their hybrids was non-signifieant may be because the molecular markers used to calculate genetic distances are not linked to the genes controlling seed cotton yield.ThesisItem Open Access TRANSFORMATION STUDIES IN CHICKPEA {Dicerarietinuml.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) SUMA S. BIRADAR; O. SRIDEVIAn investigation was carried out to develop transgenic chickpea for pod borer resistance through in vitro Agrobacterium-mQ6\aXe,6. transformation compatible with in vitro regeneration protocol and non-tissue culture based methods. Three popular cultivars viz., A-1, ICCV-2 and GBS-963 were employed for standardization of multiple shoot regeneration using two types of explants and different levels of TDZ and cytokinin combinations. GBS-963 was found superior over the other two cultivars with the highest number of shoots (31.25) across the treatments with axillary meristem as the explant. The regeneration response was not only dependent upon genotype and explant type but also on the growth regulator. For the root induction, liquid MS medium was found better than solid medium. Pronounced effect of half MS over full MS for percent rooting and roots per shoot was noted. Among various treatments, NAA exhibited high stimulatory effect with half MS. Between two groups, kabuli cultivar yielded the highest rooting response (72.7%) compared to desi cultivars A-1 and GBS-963 (59.5% and 58%). The development of lateral roots and better growth of the plantlets was obtained on 1/4"^ Amon's medium. Among the various potting media used, vermiculite was found better. The rate of in vitro transformation was influenced by many factors such as infection period, co-cultivation time and genetic background of the explant. In the present study, 20 min of infection period and three days of co-cultivation resulted in high transformation frequency. The number of transgenics produced in cultivar ICCV-2 (8.3%) was comparably higher than in A-1 (7.4%). Different non-tissue culture based methods were tried among which seed imbibition resulted in highest transformation frequency (29.3%) in A-1 while shoot tip infection in case of ICCV-2 (72.2%). Putative transgenics were screened through simple test 'kanamycin leaf paint assay' and later confirmed by PCR using primers for nptll and crylAc and expression analysis using Bt dip stick method. Insect bioassay confirmed the expression of integrated crylAc gene. The mortality ranged from 0 to 60 per cent. Thus, for the first time genetic transformation is achieved in recalcitrant species like chickpea through non-tissue culture based methods, which are very simple, efficient and able to generate large number of independent transgenics.ThesisItem Open Access DNA MARKER ASSISTED GENETIC ANALYSIS OF EARLY VIGOUR RELATED TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) JAYATEERTHA R. DIWAN; M. V. C. GOWDANo AbstractThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF SCMR AND SLA, THE TRAITS RELATED TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN GROUNDNUT {Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-27) GOPALA, REDDY, K.; S. RameshSix groundnut genotypes viz. ICG 7243, ICG 6766, ICG 12988, ICG 10890, ICG 9418 and Chico were used for the study of inheritance pattern of Soil Plant Analytical Development (SPAD) Chlorophyll meter reading. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and seed yield related characters. Three genotypes viz., JUG3, JUG26, ICGS 76 along with Chico (which was used for inheritance studies) were used for assessing carbon isotope discriminating ability. The genotype ICG 6766 Showed highest SCMR and lowest SLA, indicating its drought tolerance, this genotype was the best for seed yield and its attributes. In F2 generation of all the 4 crosses, association of seed yield with pod yield, 100-Kemel weight, seed length and seed width was highly significant. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were found to be operative for SCMR at 60 DAS and 80 DAS, SLA at 60 DAS and 80 DAS, pod yield, seed yield, seed length, and seed width. Additive gene action was predominant the expression of 100-Kemel weight and shelling percentage. Marked reciprocal differences were observed for SCMR and SLA at 60 DAS and 80 DAS during both rainy and post rainy seasons, suggesting the need for using donor parent as the maternal parent in crossing programme to recover higher frequency of superior lines in advanced generations. JUG 26 with 1 T lowest A C value coupled with higher SCMR and lower SLA was identified as the most water use efficient genotype. In F2 generation of all the 4 crosses, highly significant and negative association was observed between SCMR and SLA. Significant positive association between SCMR and shelling percentage was observed in the cross ICG 9418 x Chico.ThesisItem Unknown GENETIC VARIATION FOR GRAIN QUALITY, PROTEIN AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN F2 GENERATION OF BFT 5204 x HPR 14 IN RICE {Oryza sativa L.) UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-08-18) ABDUL BASIR, HABIBI; Dr. R. S. KULKARNIA study was undertaken in F2 generation of cross BPT 5204 x HPR 14 to assess genetic variation for plant morphological traits, grain characters, protein and micronutrient content and to understand the interrelationship among developmental traits and grain characters. High PCV and GCV were recorded for number of productive tillers, grain weight, test weight, zinc, manganese and iron. Plant height, number of productive tillers, length/breadth ratio of paddy grain, test weight, protein content and all nutrients studied recorded high heritability and genetic advance. High heritability with low genetic advance was recorded for days to maturity. Significant positive correlation of plant height was observed with number of productive tillers and days to maturity. Days to 50% flowering had positive significant association with grain weight. Days to maturity showed positive significant association with panicle length. Rice kernel length showed positive significant association with rice kernel length/breadth ratio and kernel elongation ratio, while negative significant association was seen with rice kernel breadth. Test weight had positive significant correlation with breadth of paddy grain and rice kernel breadth, while it was negatively associated with length/breadth ratio of paddy grain. Breadth of paddy grain followed by kernel elongation ratio and rice kernel breadth had high positive direct effect on test weight whereas length/breadth ratio of paddy grain had high negative direct effect on test weight. Among the segregants studied B-24-7, A-30-1, B-24-1, B-1-1 land C-22-13, were superior for many traits. Highest protein (20.59%), copper (27.78 ppm). Zinc (37.8 ppm), manganese (96 ppm) and iron (659.4 ppm) was observed in C-23-13, B-32-12, A-26-9, D-25-2 and D-26-2 respectively. Longest rice grains (6.4 mm) were observed in B-24-7, while D-18-3, D-19-1 and D-14-3 were high yielders.ThesisItem Unknown STUDIES ON DIVERSITY, HETEROSIS AND COIVIBINING ABILITY IN BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-04) LAXUMAN; S.A PATILA study was conducted to assess the magnitude of heterosis and combining ability in the diallel cross material involving 28 hybrids, eight parents and one commercial check (MBTH-101) in bitter gourd during 2004-05 at Botany Garden, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Genetic diversity of the genotypes was also assessed and an attempt was made to study the relationship between diversity and heterosis. The analysis of variance indicated significant amount of variability among the genotypes for all the 16 traits studied. Significant and standard heterosis in desirable direction was recorded by three crosses for yield per vine. The present study revealed the direct relationship between sea effects, heterosis and per se performance of hybrids for several characters. Among the hybrids studied Gadag local x Pusa visheh, Gadag local X Coimbatore green long and Gadag local x IC-68310 were found to be the best cross combinations for yield per vine and its components. Analysis of combining variance revealed that both GCA and SCA variances were significant for 15 of the 16 characters, Thus indicating the importance of both additivity and nonadditivity in the inheritance of these 15 characters. Evaluation of parents over all the 16 traits studied indicated Gadag local, Pusa visheh, Coimbatore green long and lC-68310 to be the good general combiners. Similarly evaluation of hybrids over all the 16 traits revealed Gadag local x Pusa visheh, Gadag local x Coimbatore green long, Pusa visheh x IC- 85614, Coimbatore green long x PRD-2, Gadag local x IC-68310, PRD-5 x PRD-2, Coimbatore green long x White long to be the best specific combinations. On the basis of organoleptic evaluation, parents Coimbatore green long and Gadag local were strongly bitter while among hybrids Gadag local x IC-68310 and Gadag local X Coimbatore green long among hybrids were strongly bitter. It is proposed to evaluate the hybrids Gadag local x Coimbatore green long, Gadag local x Pusa visheh and Gadag local x IC-68310 over locations and seasons to confirm their potentiality for exploitation of heterosis in bitter gourd.