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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SEED SOURCE AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT REGIME IN INDIAN SANDALWOOD (Santalum album L.)(2025-12-30) SHWETHA, V. R.; M. MAHADEVAMURTHYA study was conducted to identify the potential seed sources from different regions of Karnataka and to develop nursery management regime for sandalwood. Seeds were collected from seven different locations of Karnataka (S1-Bevinahally; S2-Doranalu; S3-Gottipura; S4-Gungaraghatti; S5-Muddenahally; S6-Narasapura; S7-Tavarekere) and to compare S8-Marayoor seeds were procured from Kerala Forest Research Institute. Seed source S8 (68.66%) displayed the highest germination. Among the Karnataka seed sources S3-Gottipura (51.67%) recorded the highest germination and growth parameters. To improve the germination of Gottipura seed source, three distinct priming methods were employed, viz., biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride, nutripriming with varying concentrations of KNO3 and MnSO4, and hydropriming with double distilled water. Nutriprimimg with MnSO4, at 0.4M concentration for 3 days, yielded optimal germination (84.00%), and hydroprimimg yielded lowest germination of all priming methods. Next step in nursery management regime is selecting suitable container and optimizing potting media for quality stocking production. Different types and sizes of container and potting media were evaluated. Out of 20 combinations studied 30 cm x 20 cm poly bag, in combination with a potting media soil, rice husk, and farmyard manure in 2:1:1 ratio, consistently recorded superior seedling growth. The assessed growth attributes, were significantly enhanced with this specific combination. Later growth attributes of the species was evaluated with six different host species (Crotalaria juncia, Mimosa pudica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria retusa and Alternanthera sessilis). Host species Crotalaria retusa recorded the highest growth attributes. Economic viability of the the treatments was also assessed. These series of experiments collectively offer a holistic framework for Indian sandalwood nursery management regimeThesisItem Embargo DESIGN AND DIAGNOSIS SURVEY OF TREES IN DIFFERENT AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF RAMANAGARA TALUK(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) GAGAN, S.; C. NagarajaiahThe study on ‘Design And Diagnosis Survey of Trees In Different Agroforestry System of Ramanagara Taluk’ was conducted during the year 2021-22 district comprising viz., Ramanagara, Channapatna, Kanakapura, Magadi Taluks. Bund and boundary plantings were the major traditional agroforestry systems practiced by the farmers whereas Horti-silviculture system was the major groforestry system followed by large farmers. The crop productivity with respect to grain and straw yields of finger millet under neem and teak based different agroforestry systems were documented lower compared to control. The cost-benefit ratio under agroforestry systems reported to be higher in association with other field crops further Hortisilviculture system recorded higher cost benefit ratio compared to other agroforestry systems. Higher carbon sequestration potential was observed in agroforestry systems than the conventional agriculture. Tree numbers was positively correlated with farm holding size and type of agroforestry systems followed by the farmers. Shannon’s diversity index was higher with large farmer followed by medium and small farmer. 18 tree species belonging to 12 plant families with 66.12 percent of trees being indigenous were recorded in study area. Tectona grandis was the most dominant tree species followed by Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica and Cocos nucifera. The agroforestry systems following farmers’ integrated trees in their farms based on their preferences such as economic benefit, multipurpose utility of the trees and cultural preference of the locality based.ThesisItem Embargo STUDY ON EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND MICROBIAL INOCULANTS ON GROWTH OF SELECTED TREE SEEDLINGS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-01-28) SACHIN JUJIN; Raghavendra., S.A field experiment was conducted to know the field response of selected commercial tree species to phosphorus solubilizing and mobilizing bioinoculants with graded levels of phosphorus was carried out in Biofuel unit, University of Agricultural sciences, Bengaluru, during 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in CRD with 08 treatments replicated thrice. Plants treated with 50 per cent recommended dose of phosphorus + phosphorus solubilizing fungus (Glomus aggregatum)+ phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas striata) (T8) in plants C. inophyllumI, S. mahagoni, M. dubia, A. polystachya recorded significantly maximum plant height (14.10, 55.37, 35.40 and 73.19cm), number of leaves (39.33, 35.33, 62.67, 65.33), leaf area (49.19, 60.26, 16.82, 62.10cm2), collar diameter (15.32, 23.34, 11.83 and 13.75 mm), dry matter (29.34, 7.78, 3.94 and 4.74 g/plant at 90 DAP)ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND AMELIORATION OF DAIRY EFFLUENT AND ITS EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF MAIZE (Zea Mays L.) AND COWPEA (Vigna Unguiculata L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40773) MANU, K. J; CHANDRA PRAKASH, JA study was conducted to characterize and ameliorate the Dairy effluent to know its application in irrigation and other commercial purposes and also to identify its effect on seed germination and other growth parameters of crops like maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna ungiculata L.) The effluent sample obtained from the Yelahanka mother dairy Bengaluru was used for analysis. The physico-chemical parameters of the effluent viz., colour, odour, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S have been analyzed. The influence of physical, chemical and combination of both filtrations was studied to assess the amelioration effect to use the effluent for irrigation. Experiments were conducted to assess the quality of effluent for germination with Maize and Cow pea crops. The study results were analyzed using standard statistical procedure. The dairy effluent is dark milky white in colour with stringent smell, which is slightly irritating in nature. The effluent has high pH, EC, oxygen demanding waste and contains high amounts of soluble salts and plant nutrients. Among the different treatment methods (physical, chemical and combination of both) sand + clay filtration was found to be the most effective in improving the quality of the effluent by reducing the pollutants present in it. Germination studies revealed that lower concentrations of effluent and treated effluent samples showed favorable influence on seed germination and other growth parameters of maize and cowpea crops, whereas higher concentrations and untreated (raw effluent) effluent has shown inhibitory effects.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DAIRY EFFLUENT ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SELECTED CROPS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40767) MUNYANDINDA, ALAIN; HATTAPPA, SDegree of toxicity of dairy effluent on seed germination and seedling growth and biochemical parameters of four crops-Brassica (Brassica rapa), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and Soybean (Glycine max) were studied. The degree of toxicity depends upon the nature and concentration of chemicals present in the effluent, as well as the type of crops grown. The present investigation was carried out with 4 (T1, T2, T3 and T4), with four replications each, with different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) and (T5 and T6) with treated effluent (carried out in Biofuel Laboratory and Mother Diary Treatment Plant). They were used for irrigation respectively. Untreated and treated effluent was analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. The untreated showed higher values of COD (1171.82 mg/L), BOD (634.06 mg/L), TDS (734.4 mg/L), Oil content (138.33 mg/L). However, the toxicity of dairy effluent was more pronounced on seed germination in all the four crops at higher concentration of dairy effluent. The percentage of germination at 15 DAS, the growth parameters and biochemical parameters at 30 DAS were found to be increased in 25 % dairy effluent and decreased from 50% to 100%.Overall, the 25 % effect showed highest and significant results in most of the parameters whereas treated effluent, at mother dairy was given the best results compare to effluent treated at Biofuel center laboratory (Sand+Clay+Ferric Chloride) the 25% effluent concentration is suitable for irrigation. The present investigation showed that, seed germination, growth parameters and biochemical parameters can be assessed the degree of toxicity of industrial effluent.ThesisItem Open Access TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE VEGETATION COVER OF G.K.V.K. CAMPUS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40856) AMULYA NAVEEN, B; GANESHAIAH, K NThe present study was undertaken to assess the temporal changes in vegetation and land cover between 1970 and 2011 using historical maps and satellite images in the GKVK campus, UAS Bengaluru. The study also attempted to identify the factors that have driven the observed changes. The result of the work shows that the forest area has been decreased from 291.03 ha to 80.33 ha from 1970 to 2011. The major loss of forest occurred during 2001 to 2011 which was about 140.11 ha (48.14% of the total forest). The most significant conversions of forest land appear to be to plantation, open land, crop land and buildings. The factors that have driven these changes include developmental, research, and extension activities. The demand for land for the research projects and educational programs have led to the conversion of forest to cropland while a significant proportion of open land has been created to accommodate the ever growing Krishimela activities, developmental activities like construction of building and roads also led to the forest loss.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF CATTLE DUNG FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40583) SHIVARAJKUMAR, ARIKATTI; MAHADEVA MURTHY, MNowadays Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) are very promising technology in mitigating greenhouse gas effect. MFC is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by their catalytic reaction. An attempt was made to generate electricity by using cattle dung. Results revealed that, the distance between electrodes (zinc and carbon) had negligible or no role in voltage generation. Among the different concentrations of cattle dung with distilled water, 1:1 ratio of cattle dung slurry was found to be the best in terms of both maximum and stable voltage generation. Among different types of waste water formulations used with sterilized cattle dung slurry, it was found that, biogas slurry was producing stable and maximum voltage followed by sewage waste water. The bacterial consortium identified for electric power generation from biogas slurry had Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Cellulomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Micrococcus sp. as the major components. Testing on different concentrations of glucose for electricity generation, revealed that, voltage generation was directly proportional to concentration of glucose. Under different conditions of oxygen, voltage generation was maximum under anaerobic condition, followed by partial anaerobic condition. In applicability of MFC, it was observed that, both scientific calculator as well as LED- bulb were operative continuously for a period of 30 days. But rechargeable battery failed to recharge from the final setup of MFC as it failed to reach required amount of voltage. DepartmentThesisItem Open Access QUANTIFICATION OF PHORBOL ESTERS IN JATROPHA SEEDS, OILCAKE, BIODIESEL AND METHODS TO AMELIORATE TOXICITY LEVELS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 40583) SONIA, B S; Prasanna, K TThe seed samples were collected from germplasm collection present in GKVK, Bengaluru. Seed yield of 20 accessions ranged from 51 to 457.5 g, oil content ranged from 21 to 40 per cent and phorbol esters were found using HPLC which ranged from 0.02-3.97mg/g. Out of 20 accessions, 6 contained phorbol esters less than 0.1mg/g, which is considered as non-toxic accessions. Both toxic and non-toxic accession of Jatropha curcas were found in southern Karnataka. Different treatments were given to detoxify the oil which contained the highest amount of phorbol ester (3.08 mg/g) out of which methanol treated sample gave the best result (1.44 mg/g). The untreated oilcake contained highest amount of phorbol esters (3.07 mg/g). This was reduced by different treatments and among them oilcake treated with hydrochloric acid was found to be the best (0.09 mg/g) treatment along with sodium hydroxide followed by 92 per cent methanol wash in reducing phorbol ester levels. Biodiesel also contained highest amount of phorbol esters which was higher than oil and oilcake (5.38 mg/g) which was reduced by bleaching (2.39 mg/g). The chemical composition of the oilcake after different treatments was analysed to know the nutritive value. Detoxification of oilcake was done to see that it could be used as a supplementary feed stock for animals and also as protein supplement in human diet. Though there was success in detoxification of cake to a great extent, further refinement is needed.ThesisItem Open Access QUANTIFICATION OF PHORBOL ESTERS IN JATROPHA SEEDS, OILCAKE, BIODIESEL AND METHODS TO AMELIORATE TOXICITY LEVELS(40763) SONIA, B S; Prasanna, K TThe seed samples were collected from germplasm collection present in GKVK, Bengaluru. Seed yield of 20 accessions ranged from 51 to 457.5 g, oil content ranged from 21 to 40 per cent and phorbol esters were found using HPLC which ranged from 0.02-3.97mg/g. Out of 20 accessions, 6 contained phorbol esters less than 0.1mg/g, which is considered as non-toxic accessions. Both toxic and non-toxic accession of Jatropha curcas were found in southern Karnataka. Different treatments were given to detoxify the oil which contained the highest amount of phorbol ester (3.08 mg/g) out of which methanol treated sample gave the best result (1.44 mg/g). The untreated oilcake contained highest amount of phorbol esters (3.07 mg/g). This was reduced by different treatments and among them oilcake treated with hydrochloric acid was found to be the best (0.09 mg/g) treatment along with sodium hydroxide followed by 92 per cent methanol wash in reducing phorbol ester levels. Biodiesel also contained highest amount of phorbol esters which was higher than oil and oilcake (5.38 mg/g) which was reduced by bleaching (2.39 mg/g). The chemical composition of the oilcake after different treatments was analysed to know the nutritive value. Detoxification of oilcake was done to see that it could be used as a supplementary feed stock for animals and also as protein supplement in human diet. Though there was success in detoxification of cake to a great extent, further refinement is needed.
