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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON THE FLORAL ARCHITECTURE, POTENTIALITY OF POLLINATORS IN ENHANCING THE FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF DRAGON FRUIT, Hylocereus spp. (Fam. Cactaceae(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-22) NAGABHUSHANA, REDDY; ESWARAPPA, GThe floral biology of Hylocereus undatus Haw. and Hylocereus polyrhizus Haw. in relation to floral visitors for enhancing cross pollination studied at farmer’s field, Suradenupura, Yelahanka, Bengaluru during 2021-22. Totally, 61 parameters with respect to morphology and floral biology were recorded. The flowering period initiated during 3rd week of April and required 17.75±0.96 and 19±2.58 days from bud initiation to flower opening in H. undatus and H. polyrhizus, respectively. Anthesis started at 19:00 hrs, reached maximum between 01:30 to 03:40 hrs and closed completely on next day between 11:30 to 12:00 hrs, while, anther dehiscence (14:00 hrs) started 5 hrs before anthesis. Pollen grains were viable (17:00 hrs) after 3 hrs of anther dehiscence, but stigma receptivity (23:00 hrs) started 9 hrs after anther dehiscence, after 6 hrs of pollen viability and 4 hrs after anthesis. Longevity of flower was 16 hrs and 30 minutes. Cessation of flowering is on 2nd week of September in H. undatus and 3rd week of October in H. polyrhizus. Sepals of un-opened flower buds secreted nectar and pollen is major floral reward for floral visitors. Heterostyly and protandry nature of flowers needs external agents for pollination. 14 floral visitors were recorded of which A. mellifera abundance was maximum. Fruit yield and quality attributes including total returns were maximum in open, diurnal and hand pollination compared to nocturnal pollination and control.ThesisItem Embargo EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT HIVE DESIGNS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STINGLESS BEE, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith IN SELECTED ECOSYSTEMS OF BENGALURU(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-22) NANDEESHKUMAR, C K; ESWARAPPA, GStudies on evaluation of different hive designs on performance of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in five urban and peri-urban ecosystems of Bengaluru was carried out during 2021-2022. Totally, one hundred and sixty-eight floral plants (59 families) at (Botanical Garden, Bioversity and NBAIR) UAS, GKVK Bengaluru, ninety-nine floral plants (42 families) at Ethno Botanical Garden (I-AIM), Bengaluru, ninety-eight floral plants (38 families) at BBMP park, Sampigehalli lake, Jakkur, seventy-six floral plants (35 families) at Purva- Venezia Apartment, Bengaluru and fifty-six floral plants (33 families) at Farmer’s field, Tatva Vaidika Grama, Bengaluru were visited by T. iridipennis. The floral plants include ornamental plants, weeds, tree species, medicinal plants, fruit crops and field crops. The maximum number of floral plants provided both nectar and pollen compared to only pollen or nectar. The maximum number of floral plants that were visited by T. iridipennis, were flowered from January-December in selected urban and peri-urban ecosystems of Bengaluru which facilitated the better growth and development of T. iridipennis colonies. Five hive designs (HD) viz., HD- 1 (5575 cm3), HD-2 (23x10x10 cm3), HD-3 (30x10x10 cm3), HD-4 (18x15x5 cm3 (Brood chamber) and 18x15x4 cm3 (Honey chamber) and HD-5 (27x12x10 cm3) were evaluated for the growth and development of T. iridipennis in selected urban and peri- urban ecosystems of Bengaluru. Volume of brood cells, pollen pots, honey pots, colony, number of brood cells, pollen pots, honey pots, hive occupancy and weight of T. iridipennis colonies was maximum in HD -3 (30x10x10 cm3) compared to rest of hive designs.ThesisItem Embargo SCREENING OF Bacillus thuringiensis ISOLATES AGAINST GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella L.) INFESTING Apis cerana AND THEIR MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-23) VENU, H S; SHYLESHA, A NGreater waxmoth, Galleria mellonella L. is an important pest of honeybees and remained as nightmare for beekeeping farmers. In the present study, the effectiveness of different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were evaluated against Galleria mellonella. The biocontrol potential of NBAIR-BtGa gave pest mortality rate of 68 per cent followed by NBAIR-VGa1f (60%), and standard HD-1 (52%), with respective LC50 values of 257.03, 350.26 and 407.38 μg/ml. Whole genome sequencing of genomic DNA and plasmid of NBAIR-BtGa, NBAIR-BtVGa1 and NBAIR-BtVGa2 samples resulted in the identification of a size of 5.96, 0.81, 0.97 and 0.89 Mb, respectively consisting of 6109, 779, 971 and 903 protein coding genes, respectively. Through Cry gene profiling, a total of five Cry genes (Cry1Da1, Cry2Af1, Cry1Cb1, Cry1Ac18, and Cry1a14), two Cry genes (Cry1a14 and Cry2Ab), and two Cry genes (Cry2Aa1 and Cry1Ac5), respectively, were detected in the plasmids of the NBAIR-BtGa, NBAIR-BtVGa1, and NBAIRBtVGa2. Other insecticidal genes viz., Vip3Bb2, Cyt genes, Hemolytic enterotoxin, Zwittermycin A resistance protein, Hemolysin protein, Serine protein kinase, Bacillolysin, DEAD BOX helicase was also observed in this study have toxicity towards lepidopteran pests. The biosafety studies of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates on honeybees showed that the isolates were 70-80 per cent and 90 per cent safer to adults and larvae of honeybees, respectively. Bacillus thuringiensis strains were subjected to bioassay, biosafety, and whole genome sequencing (WGS), which demonstrated the strain’s efficacy as a biocontrol agent will facilitate the development of bioformulations for the management of Galleria mellonella.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF URBANIZATION ON INSECT FAUNA: DIVERSITY OF POLLINATORS ACROSS A RURAL-URBAN GRADIENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2018-08-20) PRASHANT, HULAMANI; BELAVADI, V. V.Massive and ever increasing rate of urbanization known to alter the natural landscape in a more dramatic and persistent fashion than any other anthropogenic landuse. However, the potential effects of urbanization on wildlife remain a poorly understood, especially in developing countries. In this context, the present study was conducted to investigate the diversity of pollinators along a gradient of increasing urbanization in Bangalore, which has experienced rapid and uncontrolled growth in the last decades. Pollinators are important component of biodiversity since they provide pollination services for agriculture and are thus indispensable in food production. To census them, yellow pan traps were employed at 180 farm sites at 3 urbanization stages (urban, peri-urban, rural) in two transects north and south of the city. The lowest richness and abundance of pollinators was recorded in the peri-urban areas, while the highest pollinator diversity was found in the rural areas, followed by the urban areas. These results not only indicated a negative effect of urbanization on pollinator diversity but also show that it is possible to maintain relatively high numbers of pollinators within the city. Pollinator abundance as well as richness positive correlated with the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale. Furthermore, analyses also indicated pollinator community composition, as well as influence of urbanization on ecological traits. Thus, the present study highlighted the need for more research on the effects of urbanization on ecology in developing countries, as the vast majority of future urban expansion will take place in developing regions.ThesisItem Open Access POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF POD BORER COMPLEX ON PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-06-28) ARUNKUMAR, AKKANNA; manja, NaikThe pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.] commonly known as redgram, tur and arhar is an erect and short lived perennial leguminous shrub. It belongs to the genus Cajanus of the sub-tribe cajaninae, tribe phaseolae of the sub-family papilionoidae under the family leguminosae. It is evolved in South Asia and appeared about 2000 BC in West Africa, which is considered as a second major centre of origin. Pigeonpea constitutes an important ingredient of predominantly Indian vegetarian food. Pigeonpea has 20 to 25 per cent of protein on dry seed basis, which is almost 2.50 to 3.0 times of the value normally found in the cereals (Tamboli and Lolage, 2008). It is often consumed as a vegetable in central India and in contrast in North India, it is eaten as dal. The pod husk and leaves are used as cattle feed and dried stalks as fuel in rural areas. It has ability to resist drought and to add large quantities of biomass to the soil in addition to biological nitrogen fixation.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF SOIL NUTRIENT APPLICATIONS ON SOIL FAUNA IN SUNFLOWER ECOSYSTEM(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-11-02) SHIVAPPA, AGADI; Kumar, N. G.The investigation on the effect of different sources of soil nutrient applications on soil fauna in sunflower ecosystem was carried out at the ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, during 2016-17. Soil application of 15 t of FYM/ha + introduced consortia of soil fauna treatment documented significantly higher abundance of total mesofauna (15.08), Collembola (2.45),cryptostigmatids (3.12),other Acari (7.25) and total Acari (10.54) compared to rest of treatments during cropping season. The highest population of total soil mesofauna was noticed 90 (16.50) days after sowing. The same treatment recorded significantly higher available nitrogen (311 kg/ ha), available phosphorus (122 kg/ha), available potassium (235 kg/ha), exchangeable calcium (6.83 meq/100 g) and soil microbial biomass C (3852.05 μg/g soil) at 45 days after sowing. STCR integrated practices with introduced consortia of soil fauna treatment recorded higher grain yield (28.55 q/ha) compared to recommended package of practices alone (17.81 q/ha). Soil mesofauna was positively related with all chemical and microbial parameters. These showed 31.8 % of impact on the soil mesofaunal activity. Soil moisture and atmospheric maximum temperature showed significantly positive and negative relationship with the abundance of soil mesofauna respectively. These factors together with rainfall exhibited significant influence on the abundance of mesofauna (89.2%).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INSECT PESTS OF GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus sp.) AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-26) ANIL; Srinivas Reddy, K. M.The present investigation revealed nineteen insect pests on grain amaranth, namely leaf webber (Hymenia recurvalis Fab.), stem weevil (Hypolixus truncatulus Fab.), ear head caterpillar (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.), leaf beetle (Gametis versicolor Fab.), Yellow winged grasshopper (Gastrimargus species Fab.), Brown stripped beetle (Clinteria kluge Hope.), amaranth bug (Cletus species Fab.), horned coreid bug (Cletomorpha sp Fab.), wingless grasshopper (Neorthacris acuticeps Bol.), ash weevil (Myllocerus discolor Boh.), (Myllocerus dorsatus Fab.), white spotted flea beetle (Monolepta signata Oliv.), seed bug (Spilostetchus hospes Fab.), (Graptostetchus servus Fab.), (Nysius species Dall.), mirid bug (Eurystylus sp. Stal.), Stink bug (Hyalomorpha picus Fab.) and other insect pests. The major natural enemies recorded were coccinellids, black bug, assassin bug and braconid wasp. Thirty two grain amaranth genotypes were screened for leaf webber, of which KBGA-5, RHGA-13-1, RHGA-13-2, RMA-7, MGA- 15, KBGA-4, BGA-38, BGA-43, SKGPA-75, RJAS-08-17, MGA-12, KBGA-7, IC- 032193 and IC-035713 were found tolerant. KBGA-9, BGA-7-1, BGA-29, SKKGPA-86, RHGA-11, BGA-2 and SKGPA-74 were moderately tolerant to leaf webber. Among the insecticides evaluated, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 0.25 g/l and indoxacarb 15.8% EC @ 0.5 ml/l were found to be more superior against leaf webber and acephate 75 SP @ 1.5 g/l and imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/l superior against coreid bug over other treatment respectively. The maximum grain yield (13.98 q/ha) with IBCR (Incremental Benefit Cost Ratio) of 26.00 was evident from the plots treated with imidacloprid 17.8 SL, followed by profenophos 50 EC with seed yield of 13.59 q/ha with IBCR Rs. 29.40.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON FLOWER VISITORS AND THEIR FORAGING ACTIVITY ON SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) AND NIGER (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-11) MANISHA; KHADER KHAN, H.Abundance and diversity of pollinators was recorded in sunflower – niger cropping systems. Eleven and thirteen species of pollinators were observed in sunflower and niger respectively. The diversity of pollinators was similar both in sunflower and niger (0.22 each). In intercropping system at different ratio of sunflower and niger, diversity was maximum in 8:4 ( 0.22 ) and 5:5 (0.22). In sunflower the major pollinators were Apis dorsata (38.09%) followed by A.cerana (29.52%) and A.florea (21.58% ). In niger A.dorsata, A.cerana and A.florea constituted about 27.23%, 22.15% and 41.46% respectively. In intercropping system A. dorsata (60.72 bees) was more in 5:5 ratio on sunflower and A.florea (58.34 bees) in 6:4 on niger. Maximum activity of A. dorsata (6.63 and 6.67 bees) was observed at 9.00AM; A. cerana (6 and 5.33 bees) at 10.00AM and A. florea (3.00 and 9.33 bees) at 11.00AM in sunflower and niger respectively. Number of marked bees recaptured after releasing were more in niger (4.6 bees) compared to sunflower (3.7 bees). Intercrop movement of bees was more from sunflower to niger (0.5 bees) as compared to movement from niger to sunflower (0.3 bees). The number of filled seeds (1195), total number of seeds (1354), test weight (4.39g), volume weight (59.75g), kernel weight (4.54g), germination percent (100%), oil content (42.11%) was more in 6:4 ratio on sunflower. Number of filled seeds (21.66), total number of seeds (26.20) and volume weight (32.38g) more in 6:4 in niger.ThesisItem Open Access VARIATION IN THE POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE ADULT ACTIVITY IN Corcyra cephalonica (STAINTON) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-08) SOWJANYA, K. C.; Thippaiah, M.During the present investigation, intra-generation accumulation of variation in age-structure and effect of accumulated variation on adult emergence and activity pattern in Corcyra cephalonica was studied. Variation in developmental period at different stages of Corcyra was studied using same day laid eggs. At the egg stage 5 days of variation in developmental period was noticed. Considerable variation (head capsule width) among the individuals was also noticed during the larval stage. Head capsule width was measured at every four days. Accumulated variation in head capsule width increased from 0.0009 during first sampling to 0.029 at last sampling. However, coefficient of variation was almost same throughout the larval period. Moths started emerging on 52nd day of egg inoculation. Male moth emerged first (52nd day) followed by females on 54th day, suggesting occurrence of protandry in C. cephalonica. Moth emergence continued upto 113th day of egg inoculation. In entire population 68.9% females were mated and 31.1% remained unmated. Among the mated females, 76.35 % had mated once, 16.67 % mated twice, 5.18% was mated thrice, 0.45% mated four times and 1.35% mated five times. Males completed their developmental period earlier to females, though number instars remained same among them (7 to 8 instars). Average total developmental period was 45.3 ± 2.5 in males and 48.9 ± 3.3 days in females, suggesting gender associated difference in developmental period.
