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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE SELECTED MUNGBEAN GENOTYPES FOR FRUIT SET(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-06) TANUJA, MARASHETTIHALLY; Shankar, A. G.Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important crop in India and serves as a major source of dietary protein. Apart from the nutrition quality, crop performance is very low due to some of the physiological factors viz., insufficient partitioning of assimilates, poor pod setting due to high flower abscission. Thus a study was conducted at GKVK, Bengaluru to assess the influence of hormones, humic substances and urea spray treatments on flower drop, fruiting efficiency and seed yield. Physiological screening of 22 mungbean genotypes revealed that EC693358, C6-11-4 and C3-11-6 were high yielding genotypes with lower fruiting efficiency and VC3960-88, EC693362 and EC693363 were low yielding genotypes with higher fruiting efficiency. Results indicated the inverse relation between seed yield and fruiting efficiency. The contrasting genotypes for fruiting efficiency and seed yield were assessed with different foliar treatments which include hormonal mixture (NAA 20 ppm + GA 10 ppm + CK 5 ppm), brassinosteroid (0.1 ppm), planofix (0.5 ml/l), humic substances (3 ml/l) and 1% urea spray under both pot and field conditions. Significant interaction was observed between different foliar treatments and genotypes. Among the contrasting genotypes C6-11-4 showed highest total number of flowers, pod number and seed weight in both pot and field conditions. Among the treatments humic substances followed by hormonal mixture treatments showed highest total number of flowers, pod number and seed weight in both pot and field conditions. The C6-11-4 genotype under humic substances and hormonal combination (NAA+GA+CK) performed better and yielded high.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF THE FINGER MILLET [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] VARIETIES TO MOISTURE STRESS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-09) SANJEEV KRISHNA, SProductivity of finger millet under rainfed situations has reached a plateau in recent years. Varieties released over years are expected to perform differentially due to genetic erosion for their yield potential under rainfed conditions. Hence, the released varieties for cultivation in Karnataka were revalidated for their yield performance under optimal irrigation and drought conditions. The performance of genotypes under drought condition is dependent upon the development of root system. Hence, the released varieties were evaluated for root dynamics under moisture stress at early seedling (15-30 DAS) and grand growth (35-55 DAS) stage, in addition to field verification. Result show that in finger millet, root grows vertically from 15 to 45 DAS and thereafter it grows laterally upto 75 DAS, which coincides with the flowering. The shoot biomass was highly correlated with root biomass as compared to the root length both under optimal irrigation and moisture stress conditions. Hence, the root biomass is more important than the root length in determining the above ground biomass production. The variety, ML-365 and PR-202 produced higher root biomass compared to the Cv. GPU-28 both under optimal irrigation and moisture stress conditions and they were considered as relatively drought tolerant varieties. In field evaluation, mean ear weight followed by productive tillers and threshing percentage directly contributed to the grain yield under stress and optimal conditions. Varieties, ML-365, Indaf-9 and PR-202 produced grain yield similar to that of Cv. GPU 28. Based on the root traits and grain yield, ML-365 and PR-202 were comparable to the performance of GPU-28 under stress condition.ThesisItem Open Access FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION OF USP-LIKE GENE CLONED FROM INDIAN MULBERRY (Morus alba L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-02) JEEVAN, A. R.; NATARAJA KARABA, N.Universal stress proteins (USPs) are a group of proteins, whose expression is stimulated by a wide range of stresses. Ubiquitously present in wide set of genomes ranging from archae to plants and animals, the biological and biochemical functions of these proteins are not completely uncovered. The present study examines the relevance of a USP like gene (MaUSP-like), previously identified and cloned from Indian mulberry, in imparting stress tolerance in model system tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In-silico expression analysis performed using the Arabidopsis homologue of MaUSP-like, and invivo analysis in mulberry indicated that the gene was responsive to diverse abiotic stresses. Experiments conducted using transgenic seeds (T1 generation) showed no significant impact on normal growth and development in tobacco. However, under salt stress, the transgenic seedlings exhibited better germination, seedling vigor with better lateral roots and total chlorophyll content than the non transgenic plants. Under osmotic stress (D-mannitol), the transgenic seeds had higher germination percentage, and exhibited better survival under heat stress. Transgenic plants showed better phenotype and recovery after drought, with significantly higher relative water content, cell membrane stability, root biomass and less water loss rate. There was delay in leaf senescence under salinity and drought stress in transgenic lines and transgenic cell lines sustained cell division under salt stress, in-vitro. The transgenic lines were found to be heat stable compared to non transgenic plants. The study demonstrates the role of MaUSP-like identified from Indian mulberry in improving cell tolerance and imparting abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco.ThesisItem Open Access Discovery of DNA markers associated with root traits in Ragi [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] through phenotypic characterization and selective genotyping of a RIL population(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-17) MAHALAKSHMI, M. N.Ragi is an important millet grown and consumed predominantly in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Since major area of ragi cultivation is under rainfed conditions its yield is low, increasing its production by improving drought adoptive traits such as root is important. However, screening for these traits is cumbersome. Therefore, our current research was focused on development of high throughput phenotyping methods for measuring root traits. Two genotypes were grown on clerigel, and coirpith to select a best root phenotyping medium. Among these, genotypes grown on the coirpith gave the good result, in which, average root length of parent 1 was 30 cm on 25th day, while the other parent reached only 22.3 cm. A mapping population comprising of 206 Recombinant inbreed lines were screened for roots by growing them in root structures. At booting stage root traits were measured by dismantling the structure. Root length of the high root parent was 45.29 cm, while it was 36.29 cm for low parent. Root biomass of the RIL population varied from 1.25 g pl-1 to 6.35 g pl-1 with a mean of 3.36 g pl-1. Bulk segregant analysis was adopted to identify the markers associated with root traits. Among the 102 SSRs polymorphic between the parental lines, three markers UASBFM 85, UASBFM 91 and UASBFM 109 clearly showed specific root related segregation pattern in bulked segregant analysis. These SSR markers can be considered as useful markers for genotyping root traits in ragi.ThesisItem Open Access BIO-PRIMING OF TOMATO WITH ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI TO MITIGATE ABIOTIC STRESS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-11-20) ARYA, SUNIL; SHIVASHANKARA, K. S.Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity limits agricultural productivity. With the increasing threat of these stresses, there have been several approaches to understand the underlying mechanism responsible for plant stress tolerance. Among the different approaches, the most recent approach is the use of endophytes in improving crop performance. In this study, an attempt was made to test the ability of 8 fungal endophytes in mitigating drought and salinity stress in tomato hybrid Arka rakshak. The tomato seedlings were screened for drought and salinity stress tolerance using different concentrations of PEG-8000 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) and NaCl (100, 150, 200, 300, 350mM), respectively. Concentration for 50% growth reduction was estimated by recording root and shoot length, and 20% PEG-8000 and 150mM NaCl concentrations were used to screen the fungal isolates. Among 8 fungal isolates tested, SF-5 and BD sustained seedling growth under 20% PEG-8000 and 150mM NaCl respectively. Further, SF-5 was evaluated at three levels of drought status (100, 80 and 60% soil Field capacity), and BD at 4dS/m of salinity stress under greenhouse conditions. The plants treated with endophyte showed improved performance, as evidenced by increased plant height, number of leaves, branches, flowers and roots under both the stresses. In addition, these plants also exhibited improved relative water content and cell membrane stability. Under drought and salinity stress there was increase in Cytokinin, GA, proline, and sugar levels with the concomitant reduction in ABA levels in endophyte treated plants compared to control plants that were not treated with endophytes. This study suggests that the endophyte can be used effectively for abiotic stress management.ThesisItem Open Access INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF MEASURING WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND ITS COMPONENT PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS USING HIGH THROUGHPUT PHENOMICS FACILITY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-17) NAYANA, M.Saving water under the irrigated condition and maximizing productivity under rainfed condition are the most important goals globally. The premise of the current investigation was to, therefore, develop suitable high throughput phenotyping options and assess genetic variability in specific physiological traits among groundnut genotypes. Water use and water use efficiency (WUE) are considered as the most prominent traits that can sustain growth as well as save water. The recently established Mini-LysiMeter (MLM) based phenomics platform with its ability to accurately measure water use formed the basis for this study. Non-invasive imaging approaches are gaining relevance in plant phenotyping. A LASER based 3D scanner PlantEye, was used in this investigation to monitor growth in real-time. The MLM platform combined with the 3D scanner was standardized to enhance the accuracy of measuring WUE. A set of 15 groundnut cultivars were evaluated and significant genetic variability in water use, WUE, and other related physiological parameters were observed. A closer examination of a few contrasting genotypes revealed the relevance of carboxylation efficiency as an important determinant of WUE in groundnut. The groundnut genotypes such as GKVK-5 can be effectively used to sustain yields under water-limited rainfed conditions.ThesisItem Open Access PHENOTYPING Capsicum SPECIES FOR DESIRABLE ROOT TRAITS AND MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-23) MADISETTY SAI VENKATA RAVI TEJA; LAXMAN, R. H.In India, chilli crop is mostly raised under rainfed situations. Under limited water availability, roots mine water from deeper layers of the soil. Although, characterisation for root traits have been made using different containers in many crops, such efforts for phenotyping root characteristics in Capsicum species are very much limited. Therefore, the experiment was initiated to identify the appropriate container for high throughput phenotyping by growing Capsicum genotypes in three types of containers having different dimensions. Among the three types of containers, the big containers with dimension of 32 cm height 30 cm diameter with 23 kg soil media capacity are the most suitable for phenotyping root characteristics compared to PVC pipe and pot type. Subsequently, 18 genotypes were phenotyped for plant growth and root characteristics in the big container which was identified as the appropriate container in the previous experiment. The genotypes IHR 4517, IHR 3529, IHR 4501, IHR 4550, IHR 4491 and IHR 3241 with better root characteristics and genotypes IHR 3447, IHR 3982 showing poor root development were selected as contrasting ones and evaluated at 100% and 50% FC. The genotypes, IHR 4550, IHR 4501 and IHR 3529 belonging to Capsicum chinense showed significantly higher root biomass, volume and also performed physiologically better in terms of gas exchange parameters, yield of PSII, electron transport rate, total chlorophyll content, maintenance of relative water content and lower malondialdehyde content. Hence, from the results IHR 4550, IHR 4501 and IHR 3529 were identified as tolerant genotypes to deficit moisture stress.ThesisItem Open Access ROLE OF A GENE ENCODING RNA BINDING PROTEIN CLONED FROM INDIAN MULBERRY (Morus alba L.) IN IMPARTING STRESS TOLERANCE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-09-13) THARUN, E.; NATARAJA KARABA, N.RNA binding proteins (RBPs) associate with the RNAs in the cell to form ribonucleoprotein complexes, to mediate post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. This RBP-RNA interaction operates at different levels of RNA metabolism, to determine the mRNA stability, protein synthesis and turn over, there by regulating plant growth, development and its response to environmental cues. The present study aims at evaluating the functional relevance of a RBP (MaRRM1-like) previously identified and cloned from Indian mulberry, in imparting abiotic stress tolerance in model system tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In-silico expression analysis performed using the Arabidopsis homologue of MaRRM1-like, and the in-vivo analysis in mulberry indicated that the gene was responsive to diverse abiotic stresses. Experiments conducted using transgenic tobacco seeds overexpressing (T1 generation) MaRRM1-like showed that the gene has no effect on developmental processes such as seed germination, growth and development under normal conditions. However, under NaCl induced salt stress, over-expression of MaRRM1-like improved seed germination and seedling growth. The transgenic plants exhibited better phenotype with higher relative water content, leaf thickness, lower leaf temperature, reduced cell membrane damage and osmolality under drought. Transgenic plants showed delayed leaf senescence under PEG induced drought stress as evidenced by the leaf disc assay. The transgenic cell lines exhibited sustained cell division in-vitro under salt stress. Higher heat stable fraction of buffer soluble protein in transgenic lines indicated improvement in protein stability. Overall, the study reiterated the role of a RBP identified from mulberry, MaRRM1-like, in imparting abiotic stress tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION OF DROUGHT AND HEAT RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN RICE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-23) CHETHANA, H. C.; CHANDRASHEKAR REDDY, P.In the present climate change scenario, plants are exposed to drought and heat stress which usually co-occur under field conditions. Therefore, understanding plant responses to a combination of drought and heat stress is critical. This study was aimed at validation of a drought and heat stress responsive transcription factor gene, OsH15 under combined stress by overexpression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar IR64. In-silico expression analysis of OsH15 (Oryza sativa homeobox 15) indicated drought and heat stress responsiveness in Arabidopsis. To characterize the gene in rice cultivar IR64, transgenic cell lines and plants overexpressing OsH15 were developed by in-vitro and in-planta method through Agrobacterium mediated gene transformation. IR64, a recalcitrant variety for tissue culture, showed efficient callus induction with 2.0 mgL-1 of 2, 4 - D and 0.1 mgL1 of kinetin concentration in the MS media. Staining for marker gene glucuronidase (GUS) and molecular analysis confirmed the integration of transgenes in cell lines and putative transgenic lines. In-vitro assays conducted using cell lines and leaf discs collected from putative transgenic plants indicated tolerance to PEG induced desiccation stress, heat stress as well as their combination. Transgenic lines showed better callus growth, high chlorophyll retention, high membrane stability, and reduced reactive oxygen species under individual as well as combined stress. Detailed characterization of transgenic plants is required to understand the role of OsH15 in combined stress tolerance.