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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF HIVE DESIGN ON SEASONAL PERFORMANCE OF STINGLESS HONEY BEE, Tetragonula iridipennis (Smith)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-08-03) PALLAVI, K; Kuberappa, G .CStingless bees or dammer bees are found in most parts of the world and these bees considered as valuable domestic species. Rearing of these bees is called as meliponiculture, (Heard, 1999). Meliponiculture has been practiced in many countries including various parts of Latin America. Stingless bees occur in all tropical regions of the world. Hundreds of species have been described. These belong to the super family Apoidea, family Apidae and sub family Meliponinae, which is one among three subfamilies of Apidae, which consists of eight genera, having 15 sub-genera. Meliponinae consists of two tribes Meliponini and Trigonini (Wille,1983). Trigona is the largest and most widely distributed genus, which includes 130 species under ten sub-genera. Melipona consists of 50 species and confined to the Neotropics. All Asian and African stingless bee species belong to the tribe Trigonini. The various genera in this tribe include Trigona, Plebeia. Tetragona and Nanotrigona (Camargo et al., 1988)ThesisItem Open Access CULTURABLE MICROBIAL DIVERSITY ASSOCIATED WITH GUT OF APIS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-10) SUMA, K. P.; Shylesha, A NHoneybees are known to harbour microorganisms in the gut which play an important role in their nutrition. In the present study bacterial strains were isolated from foregut, midgut and hindgut of Apis cerana, A. mellifera, A. jlorea and A. dorsata workers and drones and from different gut regions of queen of A. cerana and A. jlorae collected from different regions of Bengaluru. Identification and characterization of microbes was done by gram staining technique for each isolated strains to differentiate between gram positive and gram negative organisms. The morphological characters of all isolated bacterial colonies were also studied. Total bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from the gut and amplified using PCR with 16S rRNA primers. The partial 16S rDNA sequences from Apis spp. revealed the presence of novel bacterial flora, Bacillus spp. which were more predominant in different guts of worker, queen and drone of Apis spp. The gut microflora varied from gut to gut within the caste and also varied from caste to caste within the species. Acinetobacter iwoffi and Klebsiella varricolawas identified only in Apis jlorea drones compared with other castes and species. In Apis dorsata, Pseudomonas sp. was found which was not found in any other species. The phylogenetic analysis of the Apzs spp. using bacterial strains of different gut regions of different castes clearly indicated the microbial diversity which can be used for management of bee health and as antimicrobial agents.ThesisItem Open Access MELISSOPALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Apis cerana Fab. IN NORTH BENGALURU REGION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2012-07-10) MARC, NDIMUKAGA.; SHYLESHA, A. N.Melissopalynological analysis for identification of bee flora of North Bengaluru was carried out at Department of Apiculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Based on qualitative and quantitative pollen analysis, eight honey samples and 65 pollen loads collected between September to December, 2011 (Six samples) and between January to April, 2012 (two samples) in North Bengaluru area from India were classified based on their botanical origin to identify the most important floral sources as well as a study on existing bee flora to develop a floral calendar for the region. A total of 42 different pollen types were identified in the honey samples referable to 21 Families, with the best represented families being Fabaceae (19%), Myrtaceae (14%) and Asteraceae (10%). Predominant pollen types were: Mimosa pudica in three samples, Canthium parviflorum and Dendrophthoe sp in one sample where as 26 pollen types were identified from pollen loads samples where Cocos nucifera was the dominant pollen in all pollen types combined together with 40 % of cumulative percentage of occurrence. 56 plant species were recorded as source of nectar/ or pollen for Apis cerana in which some of the flowering plants proved a significant importance to the beekeeping industry in the area by providing pollen and nectar sources throughout the year. These were Sechium edule (Cucurbitaceae), Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae), Clerodendrum speciosum (Verbenaceae), Altemanthera sessilis (Amaranthaceae), Tagetes lemmonii (Asteraceae), Citrus limon (Rutaceae), Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae), Caricapapaya (Caricaceae), Spathiphyllum sp (Araceae), Tagetes tenuifolia (Asteraceae) and Tumera ulmiforia (Turneraceae). The correspondence analysis showed a similarity among the honey and pollen loads’ samples based on pollen composition. The quantitative analysis placed honey samples into Class I (one sample), Class II (four samples), Class III (two samples) and class IV (one sample). A similarity index showed a close degree of similarity in some paired honey samples ranging from 0.54 to 0.8 where as other paired samples showed a dissimilarity ranging from 0.12 to 0.48.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POLLINATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF HONEY BEES IN HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION OF COTTON(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2010-06-10) VIJAYA KUMAR, K. T.; Bhat, N. S.Experiment was conducted at NSP, GKVK, Bangalore to study on pollination with special reference to the role of honeybees in hybrid seed production of cotton PKVH5. Cotton flowers were visited by fourteen species of insect pollinators on both CMS and R line of cotton, all of them belong to order hymenoptera. The mean relative abundance of honeybees (A. cerana, A. dorsata, A. florea) constituted 65 to 70 per cent on CMS and 75 to 78 per cent on R line. Among honeybees, A. florea was most predominant followed by A. cerana. The peak foraging activity of honeybees showed a maximum at 13:00 h on adjacent and central rows of CMS line and at 11:00 h on R line, whereas other pollinators showed bimodal activity at 9:00h and 17:00h on both the lines. The maximum floral nectar secretion was recorded at 18:00 h (14.71 μl) and TSS was at 17:00 h (31.33 per cent). As the number of bee visits to CMS flowers increased, so was the boll set and seed set. In total moves of A. cerana within and between parental lines, 15.25 per cent accounted for A to R and 8.75 per cent for R to A visits. In the open pollination of CMS, the per cent of boll set (82.66 and 80.33), seed yield per plant (82.76 and 74.58 g), number of seeds per boll (20.33 and 17.33), test weight (12.24 and 12.46 g) and seed oil content (16.73 and 15.23 per cent) were significantly higher in adjacent rows of CMS line than in central ones. The seed yield per plant was 4.31 per cent more under pollination with high bee density (8 frame bees) when compared to that with low bee density (4 frames).ThesisItem Open Access POLLINATORS DIVERSITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ROLE OF HONEY BEES IN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT OF CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus L.(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2010-07-05) KHAJA RUBINA, S.; KUBERAPPA, G. C.Pollinators diversity with special reference to role of honey bees in quantitative and qualitative improvement of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. var Hassan Local was carried out during 2010 at vegetable seed production plot, Division of Horticulture, University of Agricultural sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. At flowering stage, cucumber was visited by twenty eight species of insects, of which twenty species belonged to Hymenoptera, two to Diptera, four to Lepidoptera and two to Coleoptera. Of the total pollinators visited cucumber, honey bees constituted 84.88 per cent, whereas other pollinators constituted 15.11 per cent. The peak pollen and nectar foraging activity was observed between 1100 to 1300 h. The quantity of nectar and total soluble sugar was gradually increased with the advancement of the time and reached maximum at 1500 h in both male and female flowers. The percent flower drop, fruit set, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length, number of seeds/ fruit and seed weight were maximum in ten bee visits per flower. Impact of honey bees pollination on quantitative and qualitative parameters in cucumber such as per cent flower drop, fruit set, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length, number of seeds/fruit, seed weight, moisture content, ash content, germination percentage and seedling vigour index were maximum in open pollination plots, followed by plots caged with A.cerana, A.florea and T.iridipennis.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING MASS PRODUCTION OF Apis mellifera L. QUEENS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-08-10) ARUN, B. C.; BHAT, N. S.Experiments were conducted at the apiaries of Nelamangala taluk of Banglore district. Use of artificially made 9 mm diameter queen cell cups resulted in maximum acceptance of grafted larvae (66.67 per cent), emergence of queens (60.42 per cent). Virgin queens were of superior quality with respect to body weight (134.15 ± 0.07 mg), body length (14.97 ± 0.01 mm) and other morphometric characters. Cups smeared with royal jelly showed highest acceptance of grafted larvae (72.50 per cent), emergence of queens (65.00 per cent) and also, the morphometric characters of the virgin queens in addition to body weight (133.79 ± 0.20 mg) and body length (14.91 ± 0.03 mm) were found best. Grafting one day old larva was found ideal as it resulted in higher acceptance of grafted larvae (71.43 per cent) and emergence of queens (64.28 per cent) and the quality of the virgin queens with respect to body weight (134.47 ± 0.26 mg), body length (14.99 ± 0.03 mm) and other morphometric characters were found superior. Double grafting method of larva for queen rearing was found the best as it resulted in superior quality queens with good body weight (143.39 ± 0.47 mg), body length (15.91 ± 0.08 mm) and other morphometric characters and highest acceptance of grafted larvae (74.28 per cent) and emergence of queens (66.43 per cent).ThesisItem Open Access Insect pollinators diversity with special reference to role of attractants in insect pollination for increasing the productivity of Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2012-07-10) SRIKANTH, C. D.; KUBERAPPA, G. C.Insect pollinators diversity with special reference to role of attractants in insect pollination for increasing the productivity of Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) was carried out during 2012 at Division of Horticulture, University of Agricultural sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. Ten species of insect pollinators were recorded during flowering before application of attractants. Whereas nineteen species of insect pollinators were recorded during flowering after application of Citral-a and Citral-b. Among them, eight species were belong to order Hymenoptera, five species to Diptera, three species to Lepidoptera and two species to Coleoptera and one species from Hemiptera. The abundance of A. dorsata was constituted 23.28 per cent, whereas other pollinators were constituted 76.70 per cent. The quantity of nectar and sugar concentration was more in female flowers (43.70 μl and 48.60 %) than in male flowers (28.60 μl and 27.40 %). Open pollination with Citral-a and Citral-b was attracting more number of pollinators up to third day of spraying particularly dipterans. After The role of attractant in pollination on quantitative and qualitative parameters such as fruit set, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length, number of sound seeds, test weight, moisture, ash content, TSS and germination percentage were maximum in open pollinated plot with Citral-a. However, there was no fruit set in control may be due to absence of insect pollinators.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2012-07-10) BHOPALE SANGRAMSINH, P.; Kuberappa, G. C.The greater wax moth (GWM) Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a serious pest of Apis cerana. In the present study different binary blends of undecanal and nonanal in the per cent ratio of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 30:70, 20:80 and10: 90 elicited response in female GWM, showed that one to four moths among 30moths exhibited behavioural patterns such as stationary fanning, ambulation, ambulatory fanning, hovering, searching and circling. The 30:70 blend elicited maximum response in female moths. The behavioural bioassay revealed that the moths of 3 to 5 days old showed maximum responses to the best binary blend of undecanal and nonanal (3:7) at 7pm to 9pm with more than 60 per cent moths exhibiting pheromone specific behavioural patterns. The funnel trap with best blend of undecanal and nonanal at 3:7 ratio was used for attracting female GWM. However, the trap was failed to attract any moths.Eight different treatments evaluated for different larval instars of GWM viz., refrigeration, Bt Kurstaki (Halt) and pongamia oil gave maximum number of larval mortality and comb protection. In case of Bt local strain 1&2, neem oil and NSKE gave intermediate comb protection and larval mortality. Dried neem leaf gave minimum comb protection and larval mortality. Under natural condition all the products gave maximum protection against GWM. By using normal queen gate moths could able to enter the hive but in modified queen gate moths have difficulty to enter the hive.ThesisItem Open Access ROLE OF HONEY BEES IN THE POLLINATION OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2011-06-12) AHMAD, HUSSAIN.; Thirumalaraju, G. T.Experiment was conducted on guava variety Allahabed safed at Horticulture farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. At flowering stage, guava was visited by ten species of insect pollinators. All these ten species belonged to order Hymenoptera. Among insect pollinators of guava, honey bees were the most predominant species. The peak foraging activity of honey bees was observed between 0900 and 1100 h. Fruit set in relation to frequency of bee visits to the flowers revealed that as the number of bee visits to each flower increased from 0 to 6 visits, the per cent of fruit set also increased (A. dorsata 13.89 to 86.11 %, A. cerana 11.11 to 75.00 % and A. florea 8.33 to 41.67 %). The mean fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length and fruit width also increased with increase in number of bee visits irrespective of species. The flower drop was lowest in open pollinated plants (12.00 %) compared with those under caged condition (A. cerana 22.67 %, hand pollination at 0900 h 36.67 %, hand pollination at 0800 h 43.33 %, A. florea 54.67 % and hand pollination at 0700 h 66.67 %) and without honey bees (control 88.00 %). Maximum fruit set (88.00 %), fruit weight (144.31 g), fruit volume (131.50 ml), fruit length (6.43 cm), fruit girth (6.60 cm), fruit width (6.50 cm), number of seeds/fruit (250.83) and seed weight/fruit (3.46 g) were found in open pollinated plants, followed by A. cerana pollination, hand pollination at 0900 h, hand pollination at 0800 h, A. florea pollination, hand pollination at 0700 h and control plot. Total soluble sugars and percentage of seed germination was maximum in open pollination plot compared to other modes of pollination.