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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CROP GEOMETRY AND DIFFERENT ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHIA (Salvia hispanica L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-01) ARAKANTI CHAITANYA; K. MURALIA field experiment was conducted at research and demonstration block of Research Institute on Organic Farming (RIOF), University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru on “Studies on crop geometry and different organic nutrient sources on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.)’’ during Rabi 2020 and 2021 under Factorial Randomised Complete Block Design. The first experiment consisted of 15 treatments with two factors viz., five different spacings and three nutrient levels. Among the treatments significantly higher yield of chia was recorded with spacing of 90 cm × 15 cm (1099 kg ha-1). Similarly, significantly higher yield was recorded with 100 kg N equivalent ha-1 (1078 kg ha-1) during both the years. The higher net returns (₹ 2,06,118 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.98) was recorded with 90 cm × 15 cm along with 100 kg N equivalent ha-1. The second experiment consisted of 12 treatments with three factors viz., three nutrient sources, two jeevamrutha levels and two panchagavya levels. Among nutrient sources 50% N equivalent through FYM and 50% through vermicompost recorded significantly higher yield of chia (920 kg ha-1) than 100 % N equivalent through FYM. Soil application of jeevamrutha has resulted in higher yield (984 kg ha-1) than without jeevamrutha (809 kg ha-1). Significantly higher yield of chia was recorded with foliar spray of panchagavya (952 kg ha-1) than without panchagavya (841 kg ha-1). The higher net returns (₹1,63,755 ha-1) and B: C ratio (5.17) was recorded with 100 % N equivalent through FYM along with jeevamrutha 1000 l ha-1 and 5 per cent foliar spray of panchagavya.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIP IN MANGO (Mangifera indica L)(2023-01-16) PREMALATHA, B. R.; SHIVARAMU, H. S.A field experiment on mango cv. Alphonso was carried out in 2018-19 and 2019-20 with two management levels (M1: Control and M2: With Plant Protection Chemicals) having a sample size of nine trees each in two locations with different age groups (10 and 25 years old) at Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre and Dryland Agriculture Project, GKVK, Bengaluru. The results revealed that mango trees with plant protection practices produced significantly higher fruit yield (38.8 kg/tree) compared to control (28.2 kg/tree). Mango trees of 10 year age with management practices recorded significantly lower sex ratio (9.10), higher number of hermaphrodite flowers (196.1), panicle length ( 28.68 cm) and breadth (23.51 cm), fruit length (9.10 cm) and breadth (7.86 cm), fruit weight (257.1 g), heat use efficiency (7.09 kg degree days-1), photothermal use efficiency (0.59 kg degree days hours-1), helio-thermal use efficiency (0.86 kg degree days hours-1), hydro-thermal use efficiency (0.14 kg degree days-1), water use efficiency (17.35 kg ha-mm-1) and radiation use efficiency (4.85 kg MJ-1) as compared to other treatment combinations. East direction of the tree recorded significantly higher number of fruits at pea, marble, lemon size and at maturity stage (9.62, 5.63, 2.56 and 1.56, respectively). Further, maximum hoppers population (7.31 ± 3.71/panicle), fruit fly activity (69.4 ± 34.5 flies/3 traps/week) and powdery mildew (29.51 ± 12.92 per cent) disease incidence was observed more in unmanaged 25 years old trees, while stem end rot (49.00 ± 31.44 per cent) disease incidence was maximum in unmanaged 10 years old trees. The study on weather optima for realizing higher mango yield indicated a range of 33.5 – 36.50C temperature, 63 – 71 per cent relative humidity and 138.1 – 258.8 mm rainfall during mango flowering and fruiting period.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SUSTAINABLE MODULES FOR YEAR ROUND GREEN FODDER PRODUCTION UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-24) MANOJ, K N; SHEKARA, B GA field experiment entitled “Studies on sustainable modules for year round green fodder production under irrigated condition” was conducted during kharif, rabi and summer seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Vishweswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with fifteen fodder cropping system modules and replicated thrice. Pooled data revealed that, perennial system of B×N hybrid + Lucerne (2:8) recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (1636 q ha-1 year-1), dry fodder yield (321 q ha-1 year-1), carbon sequestration (24.87 Mg ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 2,14,232 ha-1 year-1) followed by B×N hybrid + Cowpea (2:8) (1552 q ha-1 year-1, 308 q ha-1 year-1, 24.35 Mg ha-1 and Rs. 1,96,354 ha-1 year-1, respectively) and B×N hybrid + Sesbania (2:8) systems (1440 q ha-1 year-1, 313 q ha-1 year-1, 24.49 Mg ha-1 and Rs. 1,66,528 ha-1 year-1, respectively). However, B×N hybrid + Sesbania (2:8) system resulted higher quality fodder interms of crude protein (61.8 q ha-1 year-1), ash (35.0 q ha-1 year-1) and ether extractable fat yield (11.8 q ha-1 year-1) but which was found on par with B×N hybrid + Lucerne (2:8) (60.2, 34.8 and 10.5 q ha-1 year-1, respectively) and B×N hybrid + Cowpea (2:8) systems (56.0, 34.6 and 9.3 q ha-1 year-1, respectively). Thus, farmers can adopt B×N hybrid + Lucerne (2:8) or B×N hybrid + Cowpea (2:8) or B×N hybrid + Sesbania (2:8) systems as a viable and profitable module for year round fodder production.ThesisItem Open Access SITE SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR POTATO BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN SOUTHEREN TRANSITION ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-22) MANJUNATHA, M. H.; S BHASKARField experiments were conducted on “Site specific nutrient management for potato based cropping systems in Southern Transition Zone of Karnataka” at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Madenur, Hassan during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2017 and 2018. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with twelve treatments in potato based sequential and eight treatments in potato + pigeon pea based intercropping systems replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of 50 % K through Bio-K + 50 % K through K2SO4 + balance NP through fertilizers for targeted yield of 25 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher potato equivalent yield of finger millet (29431 kg ha-1) and field bean (29945 kg ha-1) as compared to other treatments as influenced by site specific nutrient management in potato based sequential cropping systems. Higher nutrient uptake, gross returns (Rs.361984 and 361096), net returns (Rs.274820 and 269277) and B:C ratio (4.15 and 3.93) were observed in potato-finger millet and potato-field bean cropping systems, respectively. In potato + pigeon pea based intercropping system, 50 % K through Bio-K + 50 % K through K2SO4 + balance NP through fertilizers for targeted yield of 25 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher potato equivalent yield of finger millet (27821 kg ha-1) and field bean (28386 kg ha-1) as compared to other treatments. Similar trend was observed in nutrient uptake, gross returns (Rs.340773 and 340180) net returns (Rs.258972 and 254655) and B:C ratio (4.17 and 3.98) were observed in potato + pigeon pea-finger millet and potato + pigeon pea-field bean cropping systems respectively. Thus it is concluded that supply of potassium through combination of Bio-K and K2SO4 under SSNM approach is beneficial and inclusion of pulses in the potato based cropping system was found to be effective in maintaining soil fertility, getting higher system productivity and economics.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGY FOR NUTRIENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.) – LABLAB (Lablab purpureus L.) CROPPING SYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-02-17) KRISHNA, DESAI; MUDALAGIRIYAPPAA field experiment on next generation technologies for nutrient and water management in maize-lablab cropping sequence was carried out during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at agroforestry field unit, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments replicated three times, assigning three levels of irrigation in main plot with four nutrient management practices in sub plots was laid out in a split plot design. The results revealed, that sensor based drip irrigation at 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) along with nutrient expert software based nutrient management approach in maize at harvest recorded significantly higher leaf area (9020 cm2 plant-1), total dry matter production (435.53 g plant-1), kernel yield (9725 kg ha-1) and stover yield (10352 kg ha-1) on pooled basis during kharif. Treatment received surface irrigation along with recommended dose of fertilizers recorded significantly lower leaf area (5817 cm2 plant-1), total dry matter production (271.79 g plant-1), kernel (6916 kg ha-1) and stover yield (7820 kg ha-1). After harvest of the maize, lablab was grown as residual crop during rabi and the results revealed that at 90 DAS, sensor based drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM recorded significantly higher leaf area (797.2 cm2 plant-1), total dry matter (36.54 g plant-1), green pod yield (4647 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (5623 kg ha-1) on pooled basis as compared to surface irrigation. The nutrient management using nutrient expert saved 26.6 and 20.0 per cent nutrients as compared to recommended dose of fertilizer. Sensor based drip irrigation saved 32.6 and 32.2 per cent of irrigation water as compared to surface irrigation during first and second year, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access REDUCED RUNOFF FARMING PRACTICES FOR SOIL MOISTURE DISTRESS IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-14) SANTOSH NAGAPPA NINGOJI; M. N., ThimmegowdaThe study consisted of an open field experiment and a protected cultivation for standardizing “Reduced runoff farming practices for soil moisture distress in Eastern dry zone of Karnataka”. The field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21 at AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru entitled “Comparison of sustainable dryland cropping system under reduced runoff farming system”. The better growth, yield parameters and economics were recorded in cropping systems with one sensor based micro irrigation of 25 mm during dry spell from farm pond as compared to their respective control. Significantly higher finger millet equivalent yield (9627 kg ha-1), WUE (19.19 kg ha-mm-1), gross return (Rs. 303706 ha-1), net return (Rs. 24556 ha-1) and B:C ratio (5.22) were recorded in french bean with one protective irrigation when compared to non-irrigated and other cropping systems. It was followed by pigeonpea+ field bean (1:1). However, the runoff, soil loss and nutrient losses were higher with sole cropping systems compared to intercropping systems. The green house experiment subtitled “Roof water harvesting and its efficient use under protected cultivation” was conducted in two seasons during 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. The results revealed that sensor based irrigation schedule at 75 % ASM with 125 % RDF was better combination for enhancing growth, yield attributing parameters viz., capsicum fruit length (87.51 mm), diameter (76.17 mm) and volume (207.67 cm3) & fruit yield per plant (1751 g plant-1) and realizing higher fruit yield (60089 kg ha-1). The same combination also enhanced economics viz., net return (Rs. 1398731 ha-1) & B:C ratio (2.07) and resources use efficiency viz., nutrient use efficiency (79.5 kg kg-1), water use efficiency (16.75 kg m-3) and energy productivity (0.80 kg MJ-1).ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHER GREEN BIOMASS YIELD AND QUALITY OF HEDGE LUCERNE [Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-26) ROOPA K., MUTTAPPANAVAR; B. G. SHEKARAA field experiment entitled “Studies on development of agro-techniques for higher green biomass yield and quality of hedge lucerne [Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.]” was conducted during 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Vishweshwaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya. There were two experiments. Experiment-1: “Studies on planting geometry, levels and time of nutrient application in hedge lucerne”, consisted of 18 treatment combinations viz., two planting geometry as main plots, three nutrient levels as sub plots and three time of nutrient application as subsub plots laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Pooled data revealed that, 45 cm row spacing recorded significantly higher green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield (844.7, 167.2 and 33.4 q ha-1 year-1, respectively), net returns (Rs. 1,47,240 ha-1 year-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.33). Application of 50:100:50 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 registered higher green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield (853.7, 169.1 and 34.0 q ha-1 year-1, respectively), NPK uptake (543.4, 53.2 and 218.1 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively) and net returns (Rs. 1,46,434 ha-1 year-1) and on par with application of 37.5:75:37.5 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 with higher B:C ratio (3.24). Nutrient application in four splits recorded significantly higher green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield (840.8, 166.3 and 33.3 q ha-1 year-1, respectively), NPK uptake (533.1, 51.6 and 213.6 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively), net returns (Rs. 1,42,774 ha-1 year-1) but on par with three split applications. Experimient-2: “Performance of hedge lucerne as intercrop in perennial grasses” laid out in randomized block design with twelve perennial fodder cropping systems and replicated thrice. Pooled data revealed that, paired row system of B×N hybrid + Desmanthus (2:5) recorded significantly higher green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield (1802.7, 355.7 and 41.5 q ha-1 year-1), net returns (Rs. 2,58,752 ha-1 year-1) and B:C ratio (4.05).ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH DENSITY PLANTING IN COTTON FOR SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-21) SHASHI KUMAR, C; RAMACHANDRA, CThe field experiments were conducted during kharif 2016 and 2017 at KVK, Haradanahalli farm, Chamarajanagara to know the response of cotton genotypes to develop suitable planting geometry and effect of planting pattern, intercrops and nutrient management practices on growth and yield of cotton under high density planting system. The trial on response of cotton genotypes to varied planting geometry was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that planting geometry of 45 x 10 cm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (1670 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 45,513 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.92). Among the genotypes, DSC-99 recorded higher seed cotton yield (1444 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs.34,857 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.83) over other genotypes. Interaction effect found to be non significant. Second experiment on cottonbased cropping systems and nutrient management practices was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The results revealed that between the planting pattern, paired row sowing of cotton has recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (1558 kg ha-1), cotton equivalent yield (1924 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs.58,759ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.25). Among intercropping systems, cotton + black gram recorded significantly higher cotton equivalent yield (1962 kg ha-1) and LER (1.47) over otherintercropping systems. Among nutrient management practices application of RDF for both base crop + intercrop has recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (1548 kg ha-1), cotton equivalent yield (1906 kg ha-1) and uptake of nutrients (70.89, 31.47 and 60.02 kg NPK ha-1)ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF WEATHER ON GROWTH, YIELD, CROP WATER BALANCE, INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES INCIDENCE IN MANGO (Mangifera indica L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-11-16) KRUPASHREE, R.; H. S., ShivaramuA field experiment on mango hybrid Mallika was conducted at two orchards with two management levels (M1: control and M2: with plant protection chemicals) having sample size of five plants each in two locations with different age groups of 20 and 28 years old plantation located at Dryland Agriculture Project (I Block) and Zonal Agricultural Research Station (C Block), University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. The results revealed that, there was significantly higher fruit yield (74.34 kg/tree), average fruit weight (416.4 g), number of fruits (183.9), heat use efficiency (3.07 kg degree days-1), photothermal use efficiency (0.25 kg degree days hours-1), helio-thermal use efficiency (0.24 kg degree days hours-1), hydro-thermal use efficiency (0.047 kg degree days-1), water use efficiency (22.73 kg ha-mm-1) and radiation use efficiency (2.16 kg MJ-1) in 20 years aged trees with plant protection chemical spray as compared to other treatment combinations. The sandy clay loam soil of 20 years aged trees orchard showed better soil moisture supplying ability throughout the crop growth period as compared to sandy loam soil of 28 years orchard. Moisture availability index and water requirement satisfaction index values were maximum during 2021-22 due to higher rainfall in the mango growing period as compared to 2020-21, which represents lower moisture stress and less chances of crop failure due to deficit rainfall condition and it also recorded higher yield during this year. Further, maximum fruit fly activity (84.1 ± 25.9 flies/trap/week), incidence of anthracnose (50.5 ± 20.6 %) and stem end rot (41.5 ± 32.4 %) diseases were observed with 20 year aged unmanaged trees while, hoppers population (7.01 ± 4.41 /panicle) and powdery mildew (26.74 ± 11.69 %) disease incidence was maximum in 28 years aged unmanaged trees.
