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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CAPSULE BASED MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR COWPEA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-13) SANDHYA, G. M.A new formulation of gelatin capsules containing microbial consortium was prepared with an objective to improve the survival of microbial inoculants and their effectiveness on the growth of cowpea. Two agriculturally important beneficial microorganisms viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. were used in the development of capsule based formulation. The survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. in single and dual inoculant combination in both talc and capsule based formulations were studied up to 180 days of storage. Shelf life studies revealed higher per cent survival of microbial inoculants in capsule based formulation compared to talc based formulation. Effectiveness study of these inoculant formulations was carried out in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in a greenhouse investigation. This study revealed a maximum plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, highest chlorophyll content, root length, highest number of nodules/plant, maximum shoot and root nitrogen content, phosphorus content, highest fresh weight, dry weight and total biomass in plants receiving dual inoculants in capsule formulation compared to the plants receiving talc based formulation. Plant growth in inoculated treatments was robust when supplied with NPK, however, higher plant biomass and nutrient uptake were observed from the plant receiving dual inoculants of capsule formulation without nutrients (-NPK) compared to the plants inoculated with talc based formulation with nutrients (+NPK).ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT ACC DEAMINASE PRODUCING BRADYRHIZOBIUM SPP. ON GROWTH AND NITROGEN CONTENT OF SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS(2019-11-21) HIMA PARVATHY, A.Drought stress negatively influences Soybean growth and yield. Microbiological interventions are one of the eco-friendliest and ecologically sound strategies to overcome the chronic stress induced by drought in soil environment. Exploiting the role of bacterial species with Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity, which decreases the stress ethylene levels, can be an effective strategy for promoting plant growth under drought-stressed conditions. In view of this, it was hypothesized that inoculation of ACC deaminase producing rhizobial isolates improves the nodulation, growth and nitrogen content of Soybean under induced drought stress. A total of fifty rhizobial isolates were isolated from the root nodules of Soybean collected from GKVK campus, UAS Bengaluru, out of which thirty were characterized morphologically and biochemically as Bradyrhizobial isolates. Eleven of the thirty isolates which were positive for ACCD activity were tested for their ACC deaminase production potential and drought stress-tolerance under in vitro conditions. The isolates BR13 and BR14 recorded significantly higher ACCD activity; drought stress-tolerant; improved Soybean seed germination even at 30 % PEG concentration and recorded significantly higher plant growth and physiological parameters under induced drought stress in comparison with ACCD negative and uninoculated controls.The isolate, BR14 recorded significantly higher ACCD activity (0.34 mmol α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h -1 ), seed germination percentage (70% at 5 DPI) under induced drought stress under in vitro conditions; higher biomass and nitrogen content (1.02%) of Soybean under greenhouse conditions (60 DAS). This isolate can be a potential candidate as a bio inoculant for Soybean under drought conditions.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF COMPOST BASED PGPR CONSORTIUM IN GELATIN CAPSULES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-19) SANGAMESH KAYAKADAn investigation was conducted to determine the effect of inoculation of microbial consortium by using capsule-based formulation and its comparison with vermicompost and talc powder. Survival study was conducted in laboratory conditions from the results it is evident that survival of the Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus megaterium both in single and dual inoculants of vermicompost and capsule-based formulations were declined gradually at the end of 180 days of storage. Effectiveness of A. chroococcum and B. megaterium as single and dual inoculants of talc and capsule-based formulations was tested in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) crop, In this study highest plant height and number of leaves were recorded from the plants receiving nutrients with single inoculant of capsule-based formulation containing A. chroococcum. Highest chlorophyll content was recorded in the plants receiving dual inoculant of capsule-based formulation with NPK. Maximum root length, shoot and root nitrogen, shoot and root phosphorus were recorded from the plants receiving nutrients with dual inoculants of capsule-based formulation. Highest shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and total biomass were recorded from the plants receiving nutrients with dual inoculants of talc-based formulation. From the results it is observed that capsule based inoculum showed stimulating effect on the plant growth. It is clearly evident from this investigation that gelatin capsules are the best alternate formulations to carrier-based inoculants and also from results found that consortial application of microbial inoculants was found more advantageous than in individual inoculation in terms of enhancing crop growth parameters.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-03) PRAJWAL, M. N.; NAGARAJU, K.Endophytes are the microorganisms (fungi or bacteria) that lives inside the plant tissue symbiotically. They can be promoting plant growth by producing phytohormones, siderophores and enhancing resistance to plant pathogens. The study was conducted to isolate, characterize and screen for efficient endophytic bacteria from Bell pepper plant samples collected from Department of Horticulture, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra and IIHR, Hesaragatta Bengaluru. Total thirty bacterial endophytes were isolated from Bell pepper leaves, stems and roots. These endophytic bacterial isolates were subjected to various morphological and biochemical test. The identified genera were Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Among thirty endophytic bacterial isolates three efficient isolates were selected based on their higher efficiency in N fixation, P solubilization, Siderophore and IAA production. The effect of selected efficient isolates (CPL-3, CPS-8 and CPR-4) and one reference strain was Bacillus megaterium were tested single and dual inoculation in nine treatments and three replications under pot culture experiment. The plant growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and number of flowers per plant and yield parameters like number of fruits, diameter of fruits and fruit yield per plant and also nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of plants were found highest in the ninth treatment involving RDF + Pseudomonas isolate (CPL-3) + Pseudomonas isolate (CPS-8) + Bacillus isolate (CPR-4) + FYM.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIAL PROCESSING OF COCONUT WATER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VINEGAR BY USING YEASTS AND ACETIC ACID BACTERIA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-31) LAVANYA, B.; Narayanaswamy, B.Yeast and Acetic acid bacteria isolated from apple, pineapple, papaya, orange, jackfruit, grapes and pomegranate fruits were characterized. Yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC-171 and acetic acid bacterial strain Acetobacter aceti MTCC-3246 were used as reference cultures. Among the isolated strains, UASB Y-1 scored highest with respect to alcohol production and among acetic acid bacteria, AAB-1PA produced the highest per cent of acetic acid (4.51%). Hence, these strains were further screened for wine and vinegar production using coconut water. The standardization of protocol was carried out for vinegar production from coconut water through microbial fermentation by yeast and acetic acid bacteria. Among different levels of sugar concentrations, 22° Brix and 18° Brix were found to be optimal for alcohol production and acetic acid production respectively. Among the different levels of pH, pH 5.0 and pH 4.5 were found to be optimum for alcohol and acetic acid production respectively. The overall results showed that the vinegar produced by acetic acid bacteria AAB-1PA at 18º Brix concentration is the optimum level for vinegar production using coconut water.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF OYSTER MUSHROOMS SPENT SUBSTRATE ON ARBUSCULAR MYCORRIZAL SYMBIOSIS IN FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana G.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-17) AISHWARYA MARABASAPPA HOMBARDI; MALLESHA, B. C.Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the substrate left after harvesting of mushrooms. Experiment was conducted to study the effect of oyster mushrooms spent substrate on Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) inoculum production. Hypsizygous ulmarius showed significantly higher yield and bio-efficiency. Hypsizygous ulmarius spent substrate shown higher nutrient content and narrow C: N ratio. Two oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eous and Hypsizygus ulmarius) spent substrates were incorporated to pots with sterilized sand: soil as substrate and another set with unsterilized sand: soil as a substrate with AM fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum. Sorghum was used as a host plant. Both the SMS were found to enhance mycorrhizal associations like percent root colonization and AM spores in substrate. Among the two SMS, Hypsizygus ulmarius SMS significantly increased number of spores and percent root colonization of Glomus fasciculatum compared to Pleurotus eous SMS. Increased mycorrhizal association characteristics was there in sterilized substrate compared to in unsterilized substate. The effect of oyster mushroom spent substrate and AM fungi with and without recommended dose of phosphorus in Finger millet, showed higher plant growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in plants with H. ulmarius SMS and G. fasciculatum with RD of P. Plants with H. ulmarius and G. fasciculatum with RD of P showed higher uptake of N, P, K and Zn. Increased mycorrhizal associations like number of spores and per cent root colonization were found in plants with H. ulmarius SMS and G. fasciculatumThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa. Wild.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-17) AMEER PASHA, B.; Krishna Naik, L.Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), called golden grain, is one of the main food crop of the Andean mountains of Latin America, It is characterized by an outstanding protein quality and a high content of a range of vitamins and minerals It is cardinal to study the effectiveness of beneficial microorganisms to maximize the beneficial plant growth responses. This study was conducted to know the influence of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, Fraturia aurantia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus fasciculatum on growth and yield of quinoa under glass house and laboratory conditions at Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK campus, Bengaluru. Plant growth parameters, like height of the plant, number of leaves, number of branches, and Plant yield parameters, like panicle length, panicle weight, grain yield per plant, grain yield kg/ha, test weight of 1000 seeds, was found maximum in treatment (T17) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus megaterium + Pseudomonas fluorescens and least growth was obtained in uninoculated treatment (T1)(only RDF). Nutrient content of quinoa seeds like N, P and protein content was estimated. Maximum N, P and protein content in seeds was found in treatment inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus megaterium + Pseudomonas fluorescens and minimum was found in treatment with uninoculated (only RDF).ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIAL PROCESSING OF COCONUT WATER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT WINE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-22) JAGADEESH, U.; Narayanaswamy, B.An investigation on “Microbial processing of coconut water for the development of coconut wine” was carried out at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology during 2018-19. Different isolates of yeast (BRYI-1, BRYI-2, JKYI and PIYI) were isolated from different fruit sources and were identified as Saccharomyces sp. Different fermentation factors (Sugar concentration, inoculum level and fermentation period) were optimized for the preparation of coconut wine using reference yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 171) and coconut water. The results revealed that the sugar concentration of 9 %, inoculum level of 10 % and fermentation period of 8 days were found to be optimum for preparation of coconut wine. Different yeast isolates (BRYI-1, BRYI-2, JKYI and PIYI) were evaluated for their fermentation efficiency and quality improvement of coconut wine. The results revealed that the yeast isolate BRYI-1 found to be more efficient in alcohol production (11.25%), reduction in pH (3.62), TSS (4.7), with optimum titrable acidity (0.59 %) and with an overall acceptability of 17.10/20 followed by reference yeast which was found to be more efficient in alcohol production and with an overall acceptability of 16.40/20.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIAL PROCESSING OF FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica) FOR PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTICATED BEVERAGE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-22) NARGIS FATHIMA; MUNISHAMANNA, K. B.Study on “Microbial processing of Foxtail millet for production of probioticated beverage” was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology during 2018-19. Different fermentation factors viz., substrate, sugar, inoculum concentration and fermentation period were studied for optimization for the production foxtail millet based probioticated beverages using probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) and lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus acidophilus MTCC 10307). The results revealed that 10% of substrate, 15% of sugar, 7.5% of inoculum and 24 h of fermentation period were found to be the most optimum for production of probiticated beverage from foxtail millet in terms of biochemical, sensory attributes and microbiological parameters. The effect of supplementation of prebiotics like honey and whey on nutritional quality and viable population of bacteria of the foxtail millet based probiotic beverage was studied. The results revealed that foxtail millet malt slurry supplemented with 2% honey+10% whey fermented with lactic acid bacterium showed better results in terms of pH (4.15) and TSS (14.50 ̊ brix), titrable acidity (0.59%), sensory attributes of overall acceptability (17.00/20.00) and lactic acid bacterial population (2.30×1011CFU/ml) compared to other treatments. Shelf-life assessment of the best two products were studied during storage and results revealed that foxtail millet slurry supplemented with honey and whey fermented by lactic acid bacterium maintained shelf-life and quality in terms of biochemical, sensory qualities and microbiological parameters up to 7 weeks under refrigerated temperature.