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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND EVALUATION OF ENDOPHYTES FROM GRAIN AMARANTHUS SPECIES FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) BHAGYASHREE, K.B.; SHIVAPRAKASH, M.K.A study was undertaken to isolate and evaluate endophytes from grain Amaranthus species for plant growth promoting activities. Endophytic bacteria are found in association with plants. In this study, twenty bacteria were isolated from root, shoot and leaves of two varieties of grain amaranth, Suvarna and KBGH-1. Out of which, most of them were Gram positive and have shown positive results for N-fixation, Psolubilisation, growth hormone production, siderophore production and biocontrol activity against plant pathogens under laboratory condition. They were efficient in controlling major soilborne pathogens of grain amaranth through production of siderophore and by possessing ACC deaminase activity. Among twenty isolates, five efficient bacterial isolates namely RAR-5, RAS-3, RAL-7, WAR-1 and WAS-11 were selected to test for their efficiency of influencing plant growth and biocontrol activity against Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in Suvarna and KBGH-1 varieties of grain amaranth under glass house condition. From the results obtained, it was found that the selected isolates were able to control the nursery diseases in effective manner. These efficient isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus, Pseudomonas moorei, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus cereus and Acromobacter deleyi. These bacterial endophytes either individually or in combination with reduced amount of fertilizers improved plant growth and yield of the grain amaranth. These results strongly suggest that the endophytic bacteria characterized in this study could be successfully used to promote plant growth and inducing fungal resistance in plant.ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION OF BLENDED BANANA PSEUDO-STEM CORE JUICE USING YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) NEEKSHITHA, SHETTY; Munishamanna, K.B.The study was under taken to improve the nutritional quality of fermented beverages from banana pseudo-stem core juice by blending with honey, whey, jackfruit and pineapple juice using yeast (Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, NCIM-3200) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, MTCC 6161) fermentation. The results indicated that yeast fermented pseudo-stem core juice blended with 5% honey showed more reduction in terms of pH, TSS and total sugar with the highest alcohol (7.05 %) and overall acceptability (16.00/20.0). LAB fermented pseudo-stem core juice blended with 10% whey showed moderate reduction in pH, TSS, with the highest titrable acidity (0.76%) and lactic acid bacterial population and overall acceptability (16.50/20.0). Similarly, yeast fermented pseudo-stem core juice blended with jackfruit juice and pineapple juices showed maximum reduction in TSS, pH, reducing sugar and total sugar with the highest alcohol (6.60%) and overall acceptability (14.75/20.0). LAB fermented pseudo-stem core juice blended with both jackfruit and pineapple juice was observed with highest lactic acid bacterial counts and titrable acidity (0.83%) compared to other LAB fermented treatments. The best four adjudged products obtained from the study were assessed for shelf-life and quality during storage period. Results of the study indicated that the yeast fermented blended pseudo-stem core beverage products (PY1 and PY2) maintained shelf-life and quality up to 30 and 60 days under ambient and refrigerated temperature respectively. LAB fermented blended pseudo-stem core beverage products (PL1 and PL2) maintained shelf-life and quality up to 7 – 10 days and 20 - 25 days under ambient and refrigerated temperature respectively.ThesisItem Open Access MUSHROOMS SPENT SUBSTRATE ENRICHED WITH Trichoderma harzianum FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION IN TOMATO(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) VINAY, B.M.; Mallesha, B.C.Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of fungi belonging to basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. Spent mushroom substrate is the material remaining after a crop of mushroom. The study was conducted to test the survivability of Trichoderma harzianum on different species of oyster mushrooms (Hypsizygous ulmarius, Pleurotus eous, Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor-caju) spent substrate. Hypsizygous ulmarius showed significantly higher yield and bio-efficiency (522 g/bag and 113.73 %) on paddy straw. Among the different oyster mushrooms spent substrate, Hypsizygous ulmarius spent substrate shown higher nutrient content, narrow C: N ratio. In talc maximum number of propagules of Trichoderma harzianum was found up to 90 days. Among the different oyster mushrooms spent substrate, Hypsizygous ulmarius spent substrate shown higher number of propagules. The population of bacteria, fungi, phosphate solubilizers, diazotrophs and Trichoderma harzianum were found maximum in talc inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum treated plants rhizosphere. Among the different oyster mushrooms spent substrate as a carrier material, Hypsizygous ulmarius spent substrate inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum treated plants rhizosphere showed higher population of bacteria, fungi, phosphate solubilizers, diazotrophs and Trichoderma harzianum. Growth parameters of tomato, N, P and K content were recorded higher in plants treated with talc based carrier material for Trichoderma harzianum. Among the different oyster mushrooms spent substrate, Hypsizygous ulmarius mushroom spent substrate as a carrier material for Trichoderma harzianum treated plants showed higher growth parameters, N, P and K content.ThesisItem Open Access ANTIMICROBIAL ATTRIBUTES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH EDIBLE PLANT SURFACES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) AMEENA SULTHANA, J.H.; Suvarna, V. ChavannavarAssociation of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the plant surfaces is well known. These LAB possess beneficial attributes for human and animal health. So, to exploit beneficial properties their association with edible plant surfaces has been studied. Fruits and vegetables consumed in raw forms viz., amla, carrot, fenugreek leaves, coriander leaves, guava and radish were selected. LAB were isolated by standard plate count method. The highest LAB population was with carrot surface (214×103 cfu/ g) followed by coriander (98.66x103 cfu/g). Spoilage bacteria and molds were isolated from same spoiled sources. Spoilage molds were identified as Pencillium sp., Fusarium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus niger and A. flavus. Thirty LAB isolates were obtained, six (one from each source) were selected depending on their vigour and labelled as L1 to L6. LAB isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity by agar plug diffusion assay. Out of six LAB isolates, three best isolates were selected. These were tested for their antagonistic activity against spoilage molds such as Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Fusarium sp. Isolate L1 (amla) exhibited the highest inhibition against Rhizopus sp. (94%), L4 inhibited Fusarium sp. up to 83.42% and L6 inhibited Penicillium sp. to an extent of 88%. These LAB were able to inhibit all these dominant molds. L1 showed the highest zone of inhibition against SB1 (spoilage bacteria 1) i.e. 6.75 sq.cm. followed by L4 with 6.28 sq.cm zone of inhibition against SB3. L6 did not show any antibacterial property.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIAL PROCESSING OF BLACK TEA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF KOMBUCHA TEA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) PRAVIN, R. MALEDAVAR; Narayanaswamy, B.An investigation on “Microbial processing of black tea for the development of kombucha tea” was carried out at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology during 2017-18. Different isolates of yeast (BTY1-Pap, BTY2-Sap, BTY3-Ora, BTY4-App) and acetic acid bacteria (BTISO1-Pom, BTISO2-Sap, BTISO3-Ora, BTISO4-Pap) were isolated from different fruit sources and were identified as Saccharomyces sp. and Acetobacter sp. Different fermentation factors (Sugar concentration, tea powder substrate concentration and fermentation period) were optimized for the preparation of kombucha tea using reference yeast (Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis NCIM 3263) and reference bacteria (Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526). The results revealed that the sugar concentration of 8 %, tea powder substrate concentration of 0.6 % and fermentation period of 8 days were found to be optimum for preparation of kombucha tea. Different tea fungus isolates (TF-1, TF-2, TF-3 and TF-4) were evaluated for their fermentation efficiency and quality improvement of kombucha tea. The results revealed that the reference tea fungus isolate was found to be more efficient in reduction of pH (3.46), TSS (5.64 °Brix) with an optimum acidity (0.54 %), alcohol production (0.92 %) and with an overall acceptability of 17.10/20 followed by TF-1 with an overall acceptability of 16.0/20.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARECTERIZATION OF DESICCATION TOLERANT RHIZOBACTERIA AND EVALUATION OF THEIR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION POTENTIAL IN CHILLI UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) LOHITH KUMAR, N.; MUTHURAJU, R.An attempt was made to isolate desiccation tolerant rhizobacteria from different arid regions of Karnataka spread over the districts of Gadag, Koppal and Chitrdurga, on osmotically stressed isolation medium. A total of nine isolates were isolated from chilli rhizosphere’s from above regions. All the isolates were subjected morphological and biochemical characterization. These isolates were examined for plant growth promotion and water stress alleviation traits under invitro osmotic conditions by using PEG (25%) and mannitol (20%). The bacterial isolates, CHI-4, 5 GAD-1 and KOP-2 exhibited higher ACC-deaminase activity under both stress and non-stress condition. The isolates KOP-2, CHI-4, and GAD1-1were able to solubilize significant levels of phosphates under stress conditions. Among the isolates KOP-2 isolate showed maximum IAA, GA3 and ABA production followed by CHI-4 and GAD-1 under stress and non-stress conditions. Based on plant growth promoting attributes and water stress alleviation traits, three bacterial isolates were selected for further pot culture experiment under greenhouse condition. They were identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing as Microbacterium paraoxydans (CHI-1), Gracibacillus sp (GAD-1) and Bacillus sp. (KOP-2). Under pot culture conditions plants inoculated with Bacillus sp. strain KOP-2 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of leaves, number of branches , stem girth , chlorophyll content, number of flowers, root and shoot length and root and shoot weight, when irrigated at 50 per cent WHC of the soil across the observation period. This study clearly points out to the utility of osmotolerant rhizobacterial isolates in alleviating deficit irrigation stress in chilli.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CAPSULE BASED MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR COWPEA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-13) SANDHYA, G. M.A new formulation of gelatin capsules containing microbial consortium was prepared with an objective to improve the survival of microbial inoculants and their effectiveness on the growth of cowpea. Two agriculturally important beneficial microorganisms viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. were used in the development of capsule based formulation. The survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium sp. in single and dual inoculant combination in both talc and capsule based formulations were studied up to 180 days of storage. Shelf life studies revealed higher per cent survival of microbial inoculants in capsule based formulation compared to talc based formulation. Effectiveness study of these inoculant formulations was carried out in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in a greenhouse investigation. This study revealed a maximum plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, highest chlorophyll content, root length, highest number of nodules/plant, maximum shoot and root nitrogen content, phosphorus content, highest fresh weight, dry weight and total biomass in plants receiving dual inoculants in capsule formulation compared to the plants receiving talc based formulation. Plant growth in inoculated treatments was robust when supplied with NPK, however, higher plant biomass and nutrient uptake were observed from the plant receiving dual inoculants of capsule formulation without nutrients (-NPK) compared to the plants inoculated with talc based formulation with nutrients (+NPK).ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT ACC DEAMINASE PRODUCING BRADYRHIZOBIUM SPP. ON GROWTH AND NITROGEN CONTENT OF SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS(2019-11-21) HIMA PARVATHY, A.Drought stress negatively influences Soybean growth and yield. Microbiological interventions are one of the eco-friendliest and ecologically sound strategies to overcome the chronic stress induced by drought in soil environment. Exploiting the role of bacterial species with Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity, which decreases the stress ethylene levels, can be an effective strategy for promoting plant growth under drought-stressed conditions. In view of this, it was hypothesized that inoculation of ACC deaminase producing rhizobial isolates improves the nodulation, growth and nitrogen content of Soybean under induced drought stress. A total of fifty rhizobial isolates were isolated from the root nodules of Soybean collected from GKVK campus, UAS Bengaluru, out of which thirty were characterized morphologically and biochemically as Bradyrhizobial isolates. Eleven of the thirty isolates which were positive for ACCD activity were tested for their ACC deaminase production potential and drought stress-tolerance under in vitro conditions. The isolates BR13 and BR14 recorded significantly higher ACCD activity; drought stress-tolerant; improved Soybean seed germination even at 30 % PEG concentration and recorded significantly higher plant growth and physiological parameters under induced drought stress in comparison with ACCD negative and uninoculated controls.The isolate, BR14 recorded significantly higher ACCD activity (0.34 mmol α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h -1 ), seed germination percentage (70% at 5 DPI) under induced drought stress under in vitro conditions; higher biomass and nitrogen content (1.02%) of Soybean under greenhouse conditions (60 DAS). This isolate can be a potential candidate as a bio inoculant for Soybean under drought conditions.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF COMPOST BASED PGPR CONSORTIUM IN GELATIN CAPSULES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-19) SANGAMESH KAYAKADAn investigation was conducted to determine the effect of inoculation of microbial consortium by using capsule-based formulation and its comparison with vermicompost and talc powder. Survival study was conducted in laboratory conditions from the results it is evident that survival of the Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus megaterium both in single and dual inoculants of vermicompost and capsule-based formulations were declined gradually at the end of 180 days of storage. Effectiveness of A. chroococcum and B. megaterium as single and dual inoculants of talc and capsule-based formulations was tested in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) crop, In this study highest plant height and number of leaves were recorded from the plants receiving nutrients with single inoculant of capsule-based formulation containing A. chroococcum. Highest chlorophyll content was recorded in the plants receiving dual inoculant of capsule-based formulation with NPK. Maximum root length, shoot and root nitrogen, shoot and root phosphorus were recorded from the plants receiving nutrients with dual inoculants of capsule-based formulation. Highest shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and total biomass were recorded from the plants receiving nutrients with dual inoculants of talc-based formulation. From the results it is observed that capsule based inoculum showed stimulating effect on the plant growth. It is clearly evident from this investigation that gelatin capsules are the best alternate formulations to carrier-based inoculants and also from results found that consortial application of microbial inoculants was found more advantageous than in individual inoculation in terms of enhancing crop growth parameters.
