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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access MYCORRHIZAL DEPENDENCY OF MAIZE AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS IN AN ALFISOL(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2013-05-24) ASHWINI, O.G.; ManjunathNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access Effect of Biochar Application on Effectiveness of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Leucaena leucocephala in an Alfisol(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-08-07) CHETHANA, M. C; Manjunath, A.A greenhouse investigation was conducted to determine the effect the quantity of biochar application on VAM symbiosis in Leucaena leucocephala at two levels of nutrient amendment. There were 72 experimental units in this study arising from factorial combinations of 6 biochar levels, 2 nutrient levels and 2 VAM fungal inoculation levels with 3 replicates for each treatment. Application of either nutrients or biochar did not significantly influence the extent of VAM fungal colonization in roots of Leucaena. Phosphorus concentration shoot and root samples of plants grown in soil inoculated with Glomus aggregatum and supplied with 100 units of nutrients was highest at all levels of biochar amendment. In general, application of biochar did not influence plant phosphorus concentration irrespective of nutrient amendment. Inoculation of soil with Glomus aggregatum significantly increased biomass production by Leucaena. Marked reduction in dry weight of shoot and root as well as total biomass was noticed at biochar application level of 40 g/kg soil. The regression analysis of this data indicates that biochar application influences the phosphorus uptake and biomass production in Leucaena particularly when nutrients were applied. The results of this study illustrate the importance of optimizing the quantity of biochar as well as and nutrient application in order to derive maximum benefit from VAM symbiosis.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIAL FERMENTATION AND BLENDING OF JACKFRUIT JUICE FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF JACKFRUIT WINE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-14) SHRADDHA, A. J.; Munishamanna, K BJackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) is one of the important underutilized fruits known for therapeutic and nutritive values. A study on “Microbial Fermentation and Blending of Jackfruit Juice for Quality Improvement of Jackfruit Wine” was carried out at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Post Harvest Technology Scheme during year 2014-15. Isolated indigenous yeast from hard flesh (HY1, HY2, HY3, HY4, HY5) and soft flesh (SY1, SY2, SY3) types of jackfruit were identified as Saccharomyces sp based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Isolated yeast strains (HY2, HY4, SY1, SY2) from hard and soft flesh along with reference strain (Saccharomyces cereviceae MTCC 170) were evaluated for the fermentation efficiency of hard and soft flesh jackfruit juices. The results revealed that the hard flesh juice fermented by isolate HY4 showed more reduction TSS (7.93 oBrix), pH (3.50) and highest acidity (0.63 %), alcohol (9 %) and fermentation efficiency (98.33 %) compared to other isolates indicating that more efficient in fermentation of jackfruit juice. Fermentation of blended jackfruit juice with amla, pine apple and aloevera juice by isolate yeast HY4 was studied for quality improvement of jackfruit wine. The results revealed that jackfruit juice blended with a amla juice(15%) significantly influences on reduction of pH (3.16) and TSS (6.25 oBrix) with highest titrable acidity (0.52 %), vitamin C (193.3 mg), alcohol (12 %) and overall acceptability (16.33/20.0). The results clearly indicated that jackfruit juice blended with 15 per cent amla juice significantly improved the nutritional and sensory qualities of jackfruit wine.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AND MESORHIZOBIUM IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-10) SUSHMA, P; NAGAraju, KAn investigation was carried out to study the synergistic effect of endophytic bacteria with Mesorhizobium on chickpea. Large number of endophytic bacteria have been isolated from different parts of chickpea. Fifteen endophytic bacteria were from nodules, roots and seeds of chickpea by using nutrient oxide agar media. Different morphological and biochemical tests were carried out for endophytic bacterial isolates their compatibility with Mesorhizobium UASB 835 were tested. Among fifteen three endophytic bacterial isolates were selected based on morphological and biochemical tests and their compatibility with Mesorhizobium UASB 835 of chickpea. Molecular characterization was done by using 16S rRNA sequencing for the three compatible endophytic bacterial isolates. Isolates CPN 4 was identified as Enterobacter sp. CPR 2 as Enterobacter hormeachie and CPS 1 were identified as uncultured gamma Proteobacteria. Effect of co-inoculation of endophytic bacteria with Mesorhizobium in different treatment combination were studied under green house condition using sterilized soil for their synergistic effect on chickpea. Inoculation of endophytic bacteria and Mesorhozobium were done by seed treatment and soil drenching method. The significant difference seen among the treatments. The plant height, nodulation, nodule number, nodule dry weight, plant biomass, rhizosphere bacterial population and plant nitrogen content was recorded highest in treatment T13 receiving the inoculation of CPN+ CPR+ CPS+ Mesorhizobium. The results revealed that, co-inoculation of nodule , root and seed endophytic bacteria with Mesorhizobium on chickpea encourages more robust crop with better plant health, disease resistance, biomass and ability to cope with environmental stresses.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING MATERIALS FOR MICROBIAL INOCULANTS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-10) ARPITHA, P. S; Bhramaprakash, G. PAn investigation was carried out to study the influence of packaging materials on survival of microbial inoculants. Survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens in lignite and talc formulations were monitored upto six month of storage in different packaging materials such as aluminium and polythene bag. Lignite based B. japonicum and B. megaterium recorded highest viable cells compared to talc based inoculants. B. japonicum and B. megaterium packed in polythene bag supported 100 per cent cells from the beginning to an end of storage period. Good survival of B. japonicum packed in aluminium cover was noticed in case of lignite formulation. In case of talc formulation, polythene bag showed better population of B. japonicum. Polythene bag supported better survival of B. megaterium in both lignite and talc formulation. Maximum viable cells of P. fluorescens was recorded in talc formulation compared to lignite formulation. Survival of P. fluorescens was best in aluminium cover compared to polythene bag. The aluminium cover was the suitable for packaging of lignite or talc based P. fluorescens. It is evident from this investigation, lignite or talc can be a carrier material for the survival of microbial inoculants. Regarding to packaging materials, polythene bag was the best packaging material for Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bacillus megaterium. Aluminium cover was the best for Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, both packaging materials were not harmful for survival of microorganisms and maintain good viable cells as per the BIS standards up to 180 days of storage.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYLLOSPHERE YEASTS OF WESTERN GHATS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-09) SWATHI, M; Mallesha, B . CYeast population on phyllosphere of six different tree species of Western Ghats of Hassan district varied from 148.6 to 3004.5 cfu /cm2. Totally 15 different yeast isolates were isolated. Further, these yeast isolates were characterized for utilization of different carbon sources. Out of 15 yeast isolates eight yeast isolates viz., HAP1-I, HAP1-II, HAP1-III, HAP3-I, HAP4-II, HAP5-II, HAP5-III and HAP5-V produced lipase enzyme. They were screened for biocontrol activity against fungal pathogens viz., Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture method. Seven yeast isolates have shown the biocontrol activity against fungal pathogens. Among these isolates, HAP1-III yeast isolate of Artocarpus hirsutus showed maximum inhibition of all the three fungal pathogens (33.33 % of Fusarium sp., 21.66 % of Pythium sp. and 21.42 % of Rhizoctonia solani). Based on 16S rRNA sequencing HAP1-III yeast isolate was identified as Acremonium kiliense. Five yeast isolates produced relatively higher concentrations of IAA ranging from 0.34-1.44 μg/ml and the maximum IAA was produced by HAP4-I isolate which was identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain AUMC 7248. All the yeast isolates produced relatively lower concentrations GA in the range of 0.05-0.39 μg/25ml. Greenhouse study revealed that the application of HAP4-I yeast isolate on soybean showed significantly higher plant height (44.23 cm), number of branches (10.67 per plant), number of pods (14.33 per plant), root length (34.87 cm) and plant biomass. A higher level of IAA production in soybean (1.69 μg/g of leaf sample) was observed in plants inoculated with HAP4-I yeast isolate. July, 2015ThesisItem Open Access MUTUALISTIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN Leucaena leucocephala AND Glomusaggregatum AS INFLUENCED BY APPLICATION OF NUTRIENTS AND BIOCHAR IN AN ALFISOL(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-10) CHAITHRA, B. M; MANJUNATH, A.A greenhouse investigation was conducted to determine the effect of biochar application on effectiveness of VAM symbiosis in Leucaena leucocephala at different nutrient levels. This investigation consisted of 24 treatments resulting from factorial combination of two levels of biochar, six levels of nutrient and two levels of Glomus aggregatum inoculation. Mycorrhizal colonization in roots of Leucaena was significantly reduced at higher nutrient levels. The phosphorus content in shoot as well as root and total phosphorus uptake increased significantly in plant colonized with VAM fungus at all levels of nutrient amendment, irrespective of biochar application. The inoculation of soil with VAM fungus increased biomass production by Leucaena at all nutrient amendment at both levels of biochar application. Leucaena plants grown in soil amended with biochar produced less biomass than those grown in soil without biochar amendment at all levels of nutrient application. The linear regression analysis of data indicates the effect of nutrient levels on total biomass and total phosphorus uptake is more pronounced than that of biochar levels. The results of this investigation exemplifies the significance of optimizing nutrient application rate as well as level of biochar amendment in order to derive maximum benefit from VAM symbiosis.ThesisItem Open Access ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATION OF Morinda citrifolia L. AND ITS RESPONSE TO INOCULATION WITH SELECTED PGPRS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-10) I BALAKRISHNA, REDDY; SHIVAPRAKASH, M. KThe arbuscular mycorrhizal association in Morinda citrifolia was studied under natural conditions using root and rhizosphere soil samples. The results showed 24.87% colonization and 65.70 spores for 50 grams of soil. Totally two AM fungi fungal genera were identified of which 6 belonged to Glomus and 4 belonged to Acaulospora. Glomus was the dominant genera. Then AM fungi Glomus fasiculatum along with Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus megaterium were used singly and in combination along with FYM to know the response of Noni seedlings. After inoculation with these PGPRs growth parameters were studied at 30, 40, 60 and 120 DAT and there was a significant increase in the plant height, number of leaves and plant girth in plants inoculated with all three inoculants compared to control. Plant biomass, Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentration were significantly higher in Glomus fasciculatum+ Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus megaterium inoculated plants compared to uninoculated plants. Since antioxidant activity of Noni is an important medicinal trait it was estimated and the PGPR inoculated plants showed higher antioxidant activity than uninoculated once. The percent colonization, spore density and PGPR population were also higher in triple inoculated plants. Plants inoculated with only FYM have showed a significant difference in all the plant growth parameters like plant growth, nutrient content and biochemical characters when compared to control. In conclusion the single, dual, and triple inoculated plants showed significant higher in both morphological and biochemical characters. Of all the treatments Glomus fasciculatum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus megaterium have performed better.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILISING BACTERIA AND THEIR EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-07-10) DAKSHAYINI, G; NARAYANASWAMY, BAn experiment was conducted to isolate and screen efficient Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria from different Chickpea growing areas. 24 isolates were isolated from four Chickpea soil samples, among them 10 isolates were screened based on their ability to solubilize P, they were tested for the phosphate solubilization efficiency on Pikovskaya’s agar media under in vitro conditions. Isolate ACP-3 recorded higher (188.8%) PSE, highest (17.36%) per cent Pi released from TCP and the highest drop in the pH (4.1 at 7 DAI) of the broth medium. 16SrRNA sequencing was done for the three promising isolates. The efficient isolate ACP-3 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. Other two organisms ACP-2 and CCP-2 were identified as Arthrobacter sp. HPG166 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis respectively. All the 10 PSB isolates evaluated in pot culture experiment to determine their influence on growth parameters of Chickpea plants. At both 30 and 50 DAS, the plant height was significantly higher in the treatment ACP-3 + RDF. Total biomass of Chickpea plants was significantly increased in ACP-3 + RDF treatment. Under field conditions, Bacillus licheniformis was inoculated with varied level and different source of P fertilizers and significant increase in plant growth, total biomass, nodulation, rhizosphere microflora, yield and nutrient status of the soil over uninoculated control. The results revealed that, with the inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis25% of SSP application can be saved. Isolate Bacillus licheniformis (ACP-3) was the most promising isolate and can be used for developing PSB inoculants for the Chickpea growing areas.
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