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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF SELECTED ACARICIDES TO RED SPIDER MITE, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) INFESTING AMARANTHUS AND ASSOCIATED PREDATORY MITE, Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-12) NITESH K C; N. SrinivasaDosage-mortality response to ascertain relative toxicity of selected acaricides to red spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus revealed that abamectin with the lowest LC50 value of 0.25ppm was most toxic among the acaricides bio-assayed. Followed by fenpyroximate, bifenthrin, spiromesifen, chlorfenapyr, fenazaquin, diafenthiuron and propargite with the corresponding LC50 values of 2.69, 4.89, 9.57, 11.60, 25.25, 39.91 and 144ppm. Comparative toxicity study indicated the adverse effect of intended acaricides targeting T. truncatus on the phytoseiid predatory mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus. 31 to 33% mortality of N. longispinosus was noticed when the predators were exposed to abamectin, fenpyroximate, propargite and spiromesifen at their respective median lethal concentration values determined for T. truncatus. ≈ or bifenthrin and diafenthiuron. Fenazaquin was found most toxic, causing 60% mortality of predators, while the logical mortality of targeted red spider mite, T. truncatus was only 45%. The egg-laying behaviour of N. longispinosus was not much affected due to acaricide exposure and mean number of eggs laid by exposed/survived predators ranged from 3.34 to 5.73 eggs/female. The residual toxicity determined by the methods of LT50 values and persistent toxicity values was comparable, which ranged from 4 to 12 days. The overall descending order of field residual toxicity of different acaricides to red spider mite, T. truncatus on amaranth was abamectin > bifenthrin > chlorfenapyr > diafenthiuron > propargite. The residual toxicity of fenazaquin, fenpyroximate and spiromesifen could not be ascertained owing to their non-significant mortality beyond 1-2 days.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF SUCKING PEST COMPLEX IN TOMATO, Solanum lycopersicum L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-09) PRATHEEK, G. N.; Mohan I. NaikThe study was conducted on the sucking pest complex of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (L.) and their management using novel insecticides at Hadonahalli village, Doddaballapur taluk, Bengaluru rural district during 2021-22. The sucking pests such as whitefly, thrips, aphids, leafhopper and mites were recorded from the vegetative stage of the crop during the research period. The whitefly, thrips and mites incidence started at two weeks after transplanting of the crop. The peak incidence of both whitefly and thrips was attained during 16th SMW (7.29 /6 leaves and 15.97 /3 shoots, respectively). Meanwhile, the peak population of mites were recorded at 17th SMW (26.91 /6 leaves). Natural enemies like zoophytophagous mirid bug and coccinellid beetle were present throughout the crop period. Correlation studies indicated that, whitefly, thrips and mites showed a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Among the various insecticides evaluated against sucking pests, fidopyropen 50 DC (2ml/lit), Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (1.25ml/lit) and Diafenthiuron 50 WP (1.25g/lit) found effective against whiteflies. Whereas, Spinetoram 11.7 SC (0.9ml/lit), Afidopyropen 50 DC (2ml/lit) and Diafenthiuron 50 WP (1.25g/lit) were effective for successful management of thrips. The highest toxic pesticide against mites were Diafenthiuron 50 WP (1.25g/lit), followed by Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (1.25ml/lit) and Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (0.5ml/lit). The highest fruit yield was registered from the plot treated with Afidopyropen 50 DC (44.32 t/ha) with C:B of 1:2.14, followed by Diafenthiuron 50 WP (43 t/ha) with C:B of 1:2.08 and Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (41.85 t/ha) with C:B of 1:1.99.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON BEHAVIOUR OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, Plutella xylostella (L.) (PLUTELLIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) TO SEX PHEROMONES IN CABBAGE ECOSYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-11) ABHISHEK D. KATTEPPANAVAR; MOHAN I. NAIKStudies on evaluation of commercial sex pheromone lures (Green revolution pheromone lure, Gaiagen pheromone lure, Pheromones chemical lure, Bio Phero PX lure) against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella in cabbage were carried out in the farmers field around Hadonahalli village, Bangalore. Among the lures tested, Gaiagen lure shown the significant moth catches (2,218 moths/season, average of 277.25 moths/week). Diamondback moth larval activity initiated a week after transplanting, with peak incidence of 4.6 larvae per plant at head formation stage. The study showed positive correlation between the moth catches of the present week with the larval incidence occurred two weeks later. The highest cost-benefit ratio was recorded in Gaiagen lure (3.17). Followed by Among the five different commercial traps evaluated (Water trap, Delta trap, Funnel trap, Cross vane trap, Wing vane trap), the water trap recorded the highest number of moth catches of 1052 moths per season with an average of 131.5 moths/week, with a Cost Benefit ratio of (3.07). The standardisation of trap timing experiment revealed that, treatment on the day of transplanting recorded 1913 moths per season with a least larval incidence of 1.42 larvae per plant. Treatment on the day after transplanting recorded 71 per cent grade “A” cabbage heads with a yield of 28.55 t/ha and a highest Cost benefit ratio (7.33). On the 30th day after transplanting had a least effect on the yield (20.05 t/ha) of cabbage and also recorded highest percentage (24%) of grade “C” heads.ThesisItem Embargo SPECIES COMPOSITION, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND BODY SIZE PATTERNS IN FLOWER THRIPS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-05) MANJUNATH KENCHANNAVAR; M. THIPPAIAHThrips are considered as serious crop pests and vectors or crop diseases. However, their diversity and distribution stretch far beyond. Flowers being richest resources harbour diverse thrips. With astounding flower diversity, thirty species thrips, belonging to 13 genera were collected from University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK Bengaluru (Karnataka). Among which, 22 species belonged to family Thripidae of suborder Terebrantia and 8 species belonged to family Phlaeothripidae of suborder Tubulifera. During monsoon season 17 thrips species, during both winter and summer seasons 23 thrips species were recorded. In this study a new thrips species, Lefroyothrips varatharajani Rachana and Manjunath has been reported from Mimusops elengi. Looking for seasonal thrips distribution, in monsoon 39 (58.20%), in winter season 53 (49.09%) and during summer season 70 (48.27%) plant species were associated with thrips. Overall, 103 (48.81%) flowers species out of 211 were associated with 30 thrips species. Among them 58.92 % were annuals and 45.16 % were perennials. During the monsoon and the winter Thrips florum was found highly abundant followed by, Microcephalothrips abdominalis and T. palmi. While, in summer Frankliniella schultzei found highly abundant followed by M. abdominalis, T. florum and T. palmi. All together the rank abundance curve reveal T. florum as the highly abundant species (2139) followed by M. abdominalis (1457). Regarding feeding behavior, F. schultzei was a highly polyphagous thrips inhabiting 50 flower species, followed by T. florum observed in 45 flower species. At family level, F. schsultzei was found in 23 plant families. There is a greater probability of occurrence or absence of flower thrips amidst related plant species. At higher taxon level thrips showed significantly high affinity for Asterids than Rosids. Complex and aggregated distribution pattern was found in short lived N. arbor-tristis flowers than in medium and long-lived flowers like sunhemp and lark daisy.ThesisItem Embargo TWILIGHT AND NOCTURNAL ORIENTATION OF INDIVIDUALLY IDENTIFIED Apis dorsata F. FORAGERS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) BHARATH KUMAR, A.K.; Jagadish, K.S.Apis dorsata is unique among honey bees in that it evolved the capability to fly at low light intensity, which allows them to forage during moon-lit nights. However, it is still not known how they navigate and communicate the location of food sources when they can’t use their sun-compass system. We studied changes in dance orientation of individually marked A.dorsata foragers visiting an artificial feeder during moon-lit nights. Most foragers showed a 180° shift of the dance orientation during the evening twilight and kept this orientation till morning. This finding indicates that the bees reset their compass system to the morning position of the sun during evening twilight. In a second experiment, the changes in dance orientation were not that clear. This variability in the behaviour suggests an interaction between an innate mechanism to reset the orientation by 180o and the individual’s experience of the sun’s position at sunsetThesisItem Embargo METABOLOMIC PROFILING OF WILD TOMATO ACCESSIONS FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) AND Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) SUNIL, K.; Mohan, M.Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a popular solanaceous vegetable crop grown for its edible fruit. The South American tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea absoluta and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci cause severe damage to tomato. To combat these pests, anti-herbivory traits of wild tomato accessions such as trichomes and defense secondary metabolites can be utilized. Trichome analysis and resistance screening study revealed that wild tomato accessions of S. cheesmaniae (VI037240-7) and S. galapagense (VI057400-3 and VI063177-10) had higher densities of glandular trichomes, particularly type-IV glandular trichomes. Both the accessions were resistant to P. absoluta and B. tabaci in no-choice and choice bioassays. UPLC-MS/MS based untargeted metabolomic profiling of wild tomato accessions following P. absoluta and B. tabaci infestation revealed different sets of resistance related constitutive (RRC) metabolites and resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites at 6 and 12 hrs post infestation (hpi). In P. absoluta and B. tabaci-tomato interaction, 1845 significant RRC and RRI metabolites that govern resistance were identified and mapped onto biosynthetic pathways. Some of the important fatty acid pathway metabolites discovered include 3-hydroxy-tetradecanedioic acid, Arachidonic acid, 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid and Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The identified metabolites such as 4'-Methoxychalcone, Pinocembrin 7-O-benzoate and Myricetin 3-(3'''-6'''-diacetylglucosyl) (1->4)-(2'',3'' diacetylrhamnoside) belonged to flavonoid pathway. Terpenes and steroids such as Catalpol, 2-trans,6-trans-Farnesol, 16:0-Glc-Campesterol and Solanidine are synthesized via terpenoid pathway. Atropine, Palmatine, (-)-Sparteine and Aphylline were the alkaloid pathway metabolites discovered. The differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) of biosynthetic pathways visualized on the heat maps, indicated the differential accumulation of pathway metabolites. This plant-insect interaction study documented the secondary metabolites and their pathways that govern resistance in wild tomato accessions and these results are a valuable source of information for future pest resistance breeding prospects and to develop eco-friendly insecticides.ThesisItem Open Access FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON AGROMYZID FLIES ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CROPS OF KARNATAKA(2022-03-31) SHARANABASU; Prabhu C. GanigerThe study was carried out at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Agromyzid flies were collected from different parts of Karnataka during October, 2020 to November, 2021 by using sweep net, malaise trap and rearing from infested host plants. A maximum of 76.85 per cent of the specimens were collected by rearing, followed by sweep net (19.90 %) and malaise trap (3.24 %). A total of 432 agromyzids were collected, of which 89 males and 343 were females. Among the collected flies 59.02 and 40.97 per cent belonged to the subfamilies Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae, respectively. Agromyzids were collected from different infested parts of host plants viz., leaves, pods, seeds and stems. Among these, the highest number of flies were obtained from leaf mines (56.92 %) followed by pods (30.72 %), stem (6.92 %) and seeds (5.42 %). Agromyzids like Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch, M. hibisci Spencer and M. sojae Zehntner were basically collected from crops viz., Cajanus cajan (L.) Abelmoschus esculentus (L.), Glycine max (L.), respectively. Serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess collected from Ricinus communis (L.), Vicia faba (L.), Cucumis sativus (L.), Solanum lycopersicum (L.), Spinacia oleracea (L.) and Vigna unguiculata (L.). Whereas Ophiomyia lantanae Froggatt and Calycomyza sp. affects seeds and leaves of Lantana camara (L.) respectively. A total of 10 agromyzid species were identified. Identification keys and description for each species are provided. In the present study, the genera Cerodontha and Calycomyza were recorded for the first time from Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON SYRPHIDS IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS(2022-01-10) SUBRAMANYA SAI TEJA, KATTA; PRABHU, C GANIGER.The study was carried out at GKVK campus of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. Syrphid flies were collected using sweep net, malaise traps and rearing methods from different districts of Karnataka, Kerala, Uttarakhand and Andhra Pradesh between October, 2019 - November, 2021. A maximum of 90.34 per cent of the specimens were collected by sweepnet, followed by malaise trap (4.13%) and by rearing larvae on different hosts (5.51%). Syrphids were collected from seven different ecosystems, of which the highest numbers (53.82%) were collected from agro ecosystem. Whereas, numbers collected from forest land, grass land, meadows, flower ecosystem, fallow land and wet land were 15.27, 12.98, 11.45, 4.20, 1.53 and 0.76 per cent, respectively. Among the agricultural ecosystem, highest number of specimens were collected from finger millet ecosystem. Magggots of Serratoparagus serratus Fabricius, 1805, Allobaccha amphithoe Stuckenberg, 1954 and Ischiodon scutellaris Fabricius, 1805 were reared from ragi root aphid (Tetraneura nigriabdominalis Sasaki, 1899), flatid (Siphanta sp. Stal, 1860) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus, 1758), respectively. Whereas, three species of syrphids namely Dideopsis aegrota Fabricius, 1805, Betasyrphus linga Ghorpade, 1994 and Ischiodon scutellaris Fabricius, 1805 were reared on redgram aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854). A total of 289 specimens of syrphid flies belonging to 3 sub-families, 8 tribes, 18 genera and 23 species have been reported and described. Male genitalia of 16 of the 23 species have been illustrated. In the present study, the species Microdon bellus Brunetti, 1923 and Monoceromyia eumenioides Saunders, 1842 were first report from South India.ThesisItem Embargo FAUNISTIC STUDIES ON BEE-FLIES (BOMBYLIIDAE: DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(2022-12-12) MEGHANA, B. N.; PRABHU C. GANIGERThe study was carried out at GKVK campus of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. Bee-flies were collected using sweep net and malaise trap from different locations of Southern Karnataka during 2021 and 2022. A species of Anthrax aygulus was collected near nest of Megachile disjuncta and also near a wasp nest. Micomitra vitrea (Bigot) was collected near an ant nest and Geron (Geron) albescens (Brunetti) near the nest of ground bees. Exoprosopa niveiventris Brunetti, Heteralonia (Isotamia) stylata (Brunetti) and Petrorossia ceylonica (Brunetti) were found in grass, bamboo ecosystem and on deserted termite mound, respectively. Heteralonia (Isotamia) siva (Nurse) was collected on flowers of weed plant coat-button, Tridax procumbens and devil weed, Chromolaena odorata; Heteralonia (Homolonia) bengalensis (Macquart) on parthenium, Parthenium hysterophorus. Bombomyia maculata Fabricius and Eurycarenus erectus (Brunetti) were collected on flowers of medicinal plant, Leucas aspera. In the present study a total of 119 specimens of bee-flies were examined, of which 20 species of 14 genera belonging to six tribes and three subfamilies have been documented and described with illustrated photographs. Of the studied taxa, male genitalia of nine species have been illustrated. The study revealed several new records, of which Anthrax aygulus is a new record to India and eight species viz., Villa fuscolimbata, Villa approximata, Petrorossia ceylonica, Petrorossia intermedia, Micomitra vitrea, Bombylella albosparsa, Bombylisoma resplendens, Geron (Geron) albescens are new records to Karnataka. Illustrated identification keys are presented for the studied taxa.
