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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access ERYTHRONEURINI LEAFHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: TYPHLOCYBINAE) ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS IN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-16) JYOTHI RAYAR; Thippaiah, M.The tribe Erythroneurini is the largest under the subfamily Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with 64 genera and 278 species in India of which 31 genera and 75 species were reported from Karnataka. The present study after the examination of 4855 specimens collected from various districts of Karnataka namely, Bagalkote, Belagavi, Bengaluru, Chamarajanagara, Chikkaballapura, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad, Gadag, Kodagu, Mysuru, Raichuru, Ramanagara, Shivamogga and Vijaypura, revealed the presence of 44 species belonging to 20 genera of erythroneurines. This also included one new subgenus of Thaia Ghauri and 10 putative new species belonging to Cubnara Dworakowska, Helionidia Zachvatkin, Hepneriana Dworakowska, Matsumurina Dworakowska, Seriana Dworakowska, Tautoneura Anufriev and Thaia. Ambara murthyi (Mathew & Ramakrishnan), Empoascanara niazii (Ahmed & Samad), Empoascanara plamka Dworakowska, Tautoneura erythropunctata (Ramakrishnan & Menon), Watara sudra (Distant) and Zyginopsis major Dworakowska are new records for Karnataka. Illustrated keys to 33 genera and 61 species found in Karnataka are given. 15 species of Erythroneurini leafhoppers were collected on 19 plant species grouped under following five families, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Rhamnaceae. Of these, species of Ambara, Empoascanara, Thaia and Qadria Mahmood were collected on economically important crops like sugarcane, paddy, wheat, ragi, bajra and ber and species of Cassianeura Ramakrishnan & Menon, Diomma Motschulsky, Hajra Dworakowska, Hepneriana, Ratburella Ramakrishnan & Menon, Tautoneura and Watara Dworakowska were found associated with ornamental plants like Cassia fistula L., Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd, Erythrina crista-galli L., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub., Helicterus isora L. and Bauhinia variegata (L.) Benth., respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SELECTED IPM MODULES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF SUNFLOWER AND THEIR SAFETY TO NON-TARGET SPECIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-09-03) SADASHIVA, TIPPIMATH; Srinivas Reddy, K. M.Seven different IPM modules were evaluated against major insect pests and nontarget species in sunflower during 2017-18 at ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru of which spinosad based module (M5) (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (5 g/kg) + metalaxyl 35 SD (5 g/kg) + hand picking & destruction of gregarious early instar larvae of defoliators (Spodoptera litura Fab. and Spilarctia obliqua Walker) + 2 sprays of spinosad (50 and 70 DAS) found superior against major defoliator Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fab. and capitulum borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. at 3, 5 and 10 days after first spray, followed by IPM module (UAS-B) (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (5 g/kg) + two sprays of 5 % NSKE and HaNPV (50 and 70 DAS). No significant differences were observed between the IPM modules w.r.t. the incidence of sucking pests (leafhopper, whitefly and thrips) and defoliator (weevil) population at both sprays. All the selected IPM modules were found safer to coccinellid and spider population in sunflower ecosystem at 3, 5 and 10 days after both first and second spray. The honey bees viz., Apis mellifera, A. dorsata and A. cerana indica were the most frequent visitor pollinators. All IPM modules recorded significantly greater number of bee visitors except UAS-B module (M6). However, the spinosad based module recorded highest seed yield (2366 kg/ha) with highest B: C ratio (8.71) and no differences were found between the IPM modules with regard to volume weight, test weight, oil content and per cent seed germination.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MATING DISRUPTION ON PEST POPULATION DENSITY AND AGE STRUCTURE OF Maruca vitrata (FABRICIUS) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-14) DHANYAKUMAR, O.; MOHAN, M.The legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most serious legume pests due to its wide host range, high damage potential and cosmopolitan distribution. Being genetically a complex species, the relevance of its management through use of synthetic sex pheromone lures to disrupt mating was investigated. Scotophase mating behaviour of M. vitrata was observed from 18:00 - 2:00 in interval of 20 min to assess the efficacy of pheromone lures in disrupting sexual communication. Among the blend combination, all three individual components viz., (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal with blend ratio of 100:5:5 and an individual component (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol elicited higher mating disruption behaviour. Their impact on mating disruption was evident from the lower fecundity and egg hatchability under laboratory condition. All the seven mating disruptant lures were evaluated by artificially releasing virgin adults under the semi field white net-house condition. The lure comprising of (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)- 10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal at 100:5:5 ratio significantly disrupted the normal mating regulating in lower flower damage (per cent) compare to control.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF Carica papaya L. SEEDS ON FERTILITY OF FEMALE BLACK RAT, Rattus rattus L.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-29) VINAYAKA, J. H.; MOHAN, I. NAIKDuring the investigation at AINP on VPM, Dept of Agricultural Entomology UAS, Bengaluru, the black rat females were fed with papaya seeds powder at 0.75 g (3%), 1.25 g (5%) and 1.75 g (7%) with 25 g normal bait (10g rice + 10 g ragi + 2.5 g ground nut oil + 2.5 g jaggery) for 7, 15 and 30 days continuously in a separate cages. The results of the investigation indicated that 1.25 g papaya seed powder with normal bait for 30 days (T6) and 1.75 g for 15 (T8) and 30 days (T9) along with the normal bait were found to be effective in inducing sterility by significantly enhancing diestrus stage of the estrus cycle. The same treatments altered the cholesterol and glucose contents of serum. Besides these treatments also reduced the FSH and LH, which play a key role in regulation of folliculogenesis. The estradiol and progesterone levels of serum hormonal profiles of tested rats were also declined significantly which affects the development of zygote. In the same treatments the mating success was reduced to 33 per cent and 25-33 per cent of resulted pups survived up to 40 days compared to control with 52.38 per cent. In treated rodents, histology of ovary showed reduced number of graafian follicles, congestion and reduction in the number of ovarian follicles. Further studies are required for understanding the establishment of exact mechanism of action at cellular and molecular level that needs to be explored.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORATION OF GUT MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (NOCTUIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-28) ANJUMALLIGE, P. L.; SHIVANNA, B.The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is a polyphagous invasive pest on Maize. Endosymbiont is an organism that lives in the body or cells of other organisms in a mutualistic relationship. Diversity of gut symbionts from S. frugiperda was studied from three different geographical larval populations viz., Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu by 16s rRNA sequencing. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella varicola, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis and Brevibcterium linens were identified from larval gut of S. frugiperda from Karnataka. Acinetobacter lwoffi, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacilllus firmus, Enterococcus mundtii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella varicola, Pantoea agglomerans and Proteus vulgaris were identified from larval population of Andhra Pradesh and Burkholderia cenocepacia, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella variicola, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Bacillus velezensis from a larval population of Tamil Nadu. 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing revealed the functions carried out by predicted microbial genes which include fatty acid metabolism, antibody synthesis, Biotin metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids, cellular processes, ABC transport system, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate and nitrogen metabolism, Methane metabolism and glycolysis pathway. Taxonomic profiling at phylum level revealed that a major group of symbionts from all three locations belonged to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Bacterial microflora from larval population of Karnataka is more diverse than Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu population which suggests that environment has a considerable effect on the microbial community in the larval gut.ThesisItem Open Access PESTS OF SNAKE GOURD, Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-08-05) SHARATH, K. N.; Jagadish, K. S.Investigations on the insect pests of snake gourd during 2018-19 at UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru revealed the occurrence of 22 species of insect pests and six species of natural enemies. Semilooper (Anadevidia peponis Fab.) population showed significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity (r=0.69*), while, leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and thrips population was significantly and negatively correlated with morning RH (r=-0.66* and -0.70*, respectively), population of pumpkin caterpillar Diaphania indica (Saunders) and plume moth Sphenarches caffer (Zeller) were significantly positively correlated with afternoon RH (r=0.60* and 0.59*, respectively), pumpkin beetle Aulacophora spp. population showed significant positive correlation with total rainfall (r=0.69*), leaf hopper species population had significant negative correlation with total rainfall (r=-0.60*) and mirid bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) incidence exhibited significant negative correlation with sunshine hours (r=-0.65*). Among the selected insecticides evaluated against major pests, spinosad 45SC @ 0.4 mL/litre gave significantly highest reduction in semilooper population at both reproductive and vegetative stages (96.53% and 91.94%), whereas, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 1.8mL/litre significantly reduced the population of mirid bug (91.17% and 95.12%), leaf miner (91.78% and 92.42%) and also defoliators. Deltamethrin 2.8 EC (1mL/litre) + jaggery (10g/litre) treatment gave significantly highest reduction of pumpkin beetles (84.31% and 79.28%) and melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) (90.20%) and recorded highest fruit yield and B: C ratio (1:2.57). Among the six species of insects that visited snake gourd flower, the crepuscular visitor viz., Pelopidas sp. was suspected to play a role in pollination of snake gourd.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE INVASIVE COCONUT RUGOSE SPIRALLING WHITEFLY, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-08-03) SANJAY KUMAR, PRADHAN; SHYLESHA, A. N.Rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin an invasive species was reported as a pest on gumbo limbo, Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg from Florida, in 2009. It was first detected on coconut palm at Pollachi in Tamil Nadu during August- September, 2016 (Selvaraj et al., 2016). Subsequently it was found infesting Musa sp., Mangifera indica L., Terminalia catappa L. and several ornamental plants in Southern India. Eggs covered with white fluffy wax, creating distinctive spiral patterns on the undersurface of leaves. Continuous feeding leads to spread of honeydews on top of the lower leaves, thus reducing the crop productivity. Infestation level was very high (71.43- 100%) in southern and coastal regions of Karnataka compared to northern regions of Karnataka (20-40%). Total nymphal period varies from 22-36 days, 21-36 days and 21- 29 days on coconut, banana and Canna plants respectively during November 2018 to February 2019 with a mean temperature of 22.27 ± 0.71 °C and mean RH of 70.37 ± 1.12 per cent. Natural parasitism (7 to 80 per cent) by the parasitoid Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and Encarsia dispersa Polaszek was recorded in host plants. Other natural enemies observed were Dichochrysa astur, Cybocephalus sp., Cheilomenes sexmaculata etc. Under laboratory conditions, azadirachtin 10000 ppm @ 1.7 ml/ lit gave good control in both early and late instars at 3 DAS. In Field evaluation of selected insecticides, the biopesticide Isaria fumosorosea @ 5gm/lit gave good control at 6 DAS. Water spray can be incorporated with any chemical treatment alternatively as it was giving 30-40% mortality.ThesisItem Open Access CROSS RESISTANCE IN INSECTICIDE RESISTANT POPULATION OF Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben- Petersen) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) AND ITS PREDATORY POTENTIAL(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-07-31) MANGALI, ASHWINI; Venkatesan, T.Cross resistance in insecticide resistant population (PTS-8) of Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) was evaluated against four insecticides viz., chlorpyriphos 20% EC, cypermethrin 10% EC, acetamipirid 20% WP and chloranthraniliprole 18.5% SC under laboratory conditions. The resistant population showed 16.37, 14.75, 12.74 and 7.15-fold resistance against chlorpyriphos, cypermethrin, acetamipirid and chloranthraniliprole, respectively. The resistant population exhibited moderate resistance to chlorpyriphos, cypermethrin and acetamiprid and low resistance to chloranthraniliprole when compared to the susceptible population. Enzymatic study revealed an elevated level of three major detoxifying enzymes i.e., carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase which was 1.48, 1.27 and 1.36-fold, respectively in the resistant population as compared to the susceptible population that confirmed the involvement of detoxifying enzymes in the resistance development. Among the three enzymes, enhanced carboxylesterase activity was apparent in the resistant population. Predatory potential studies revealed the consumption of 993.73 and 1030.47 Corcyra cephalonica eggs, 162.20 and 175.11 Aphis craccivora by the larvae of the resistant and susceptible population, respectively. The non-significant difference of predatory potential between the resistant and susceptible population indicated that the resistant population was equally fit as compared to susceptible population. Mass production of the insecticide resistant population of natural enemies and their augmentative releases could help the natural enemies to sustain under insecticide sprayed situations and supress the crop pests effectively.ThesisItem Open Access SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON ARMYWORMS AND CUTWORMS ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CROPS OF SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-07-30) BASAVARAJ N., HADIMANI; Prabhu C., GanigerThe study on armyworms and cutworms was carried out at UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru. A survey was undertaken to assess the incidence of armyworms and cutworms on maize, chilli, soybean, sunflower, castor, potato and ginger in seven districts viz., Chikkaballapur, Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban, Hassan, Mandya, Mysuru and Tumkur during Kharif and Rabi in 2018-19. Among all the surveyed locations, high incidence (77.26 %) of fall armyworm was observed on maize in Tumkur district. Among the crop surveyed (chilli, soyabean, sunflower and castor), high incidence (86.66%) of Spodoptera litura have recorded in Bengaluru North district. Incidence of Agrotis segetum has 7.6 per cent on potato in Hassan. During the study 259 specimens were collected and examined which represented 13 species, four genera belonging to three subfamilies viz., Xyleninae, Hadenine and Noctuinae. Subfamily Xyleninae has represented by six species under the genus, Spodoptera viz., S. exigua, S. litura, S. mauritia, S. exempta, S. frugiperda and S. pecten. Subfamily Hadeninae has represented by four species belongs to two genera. The genus Mythimna had two species viz., M. separata and M. reversa and the genus Leucania had two species viz., L. loreyi and L. roseilinea. Subfamily Noctuinae represented by three species under the genus, Agrotis viz., A. ipsilon, A. segetum and A. spinifera. These species were distinguished based on male genitalia characters viz., shape and structure of uncus, tegumen, vinculum, saccus, valvae, juxta, aedeagus and vesica. Description of each species is provided along with keys for their identification.