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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF BEETLE ACROSS THE RURAL-URBAN GRADIENTS OF BANGALORE DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) JAGADEESH, KANASOGI; JEMLA NAIK, D.Urbanization is a dominant process of land alteration converting rural undisturbed areas into urban land. Now a days, the world is facing greatest ever biodiversity crisis due to urbanization, which leads to extinction of many species of plants and insects. The present study examined changes in abundance and diversity of beetles across the rural-urban gradients of Bangalore district during 2017-18. Using four methods of collection (light trap, sweep net, malaise trap and bee bowl) a total of 20,978 beetles of 271 morpho-species belongs to 30 families were collected. Among beetles, Staphylinidae contribute 72 per cent followed by Scarabaeidae and Carabidae. The light trap was found more efficient and effective for beetle collection as ninetythree per cent of total beetles were collected compared to other methods used in the study. The abundance and diversity of beetle were recorded more in post monsoon compared to pre-monsoon. During both the seasons, highest number of beetles were collected from rural gradients (8034) followed by peri-urban (6580) and urban gradients (5006). Shannon diversity index value was highest in peri-urban areas (H’=3.85) followed by rural (H’=3.81) and urban (H’=3.62). But, there were no significant differences were observed in both abundance and diversity of beetles across the gradients. Beetle diversity had shown positive correlation with diversity of vegetation. The present findings suggest that beetle can be used as a bio-indicator as it contributes 40 per cent of total insects species collected. Further, ecological health of a given area can be determined easily using beetle diversity.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING OF RIDGE GOURD GENOTYPES AGAINST LEAF MINER, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) AND FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) KAVYASHREE, B.A.; Thippaiah, M.An investigation on screening of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula(L.)Roxb.] genotypes against leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) was undertaken during the year 2017-2018. The level of leaf miner and fruit fly infestations varied significantly between the genotypes and age of the crop. Significantly low level of leaf miner infestation was recorded in Jaipur long and Naagin genotypes. The highest fruit infestation by fruit fly was recorded in the genotype, Vdg-1and lowest infestation was recorded in Naagin genotype. The infestation of fruits also varied across the age of the fruits, the lowest infestation of fruits was recorded at initial growth and highest at later stage of the crop. Further, all the seventeen ridge gourd genotypes were categorized into highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately resistant, resistant and highly resistant genotypes based on leaf miner and fruit fly infestation. None were found to be highly resistant and resistant genotypes. Six genotypes viz., Dmrg-1, Jaipur Long, Arka Sumeeth, Mandira, Nandini and Naagin recorded less infestation by both leaf miner and fruit fly infestation. Whereas, four genotypes viz., Erg-4, Vdg-1, Torilong Krishna, Ns-3 recorded high leaf miner and fruit fly infestation. The genotypes having significantly higher quantities of phenols and tannins and less quantity of total sugars and reducing sugars were found to be important biochemical traits in reducing leaf miner and fruit fly infestation. These traits may be explored while breeding for leaf miner and fruit fly resistant genotypes in ridge gourd crop.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF SPIDER MITE SPECIES INFESTING SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF MITE INFESTED PLANTS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SAFEENA MAJEED, A.A.; Srinivasa, N.Biology, reproduction and demography of four spider mite species infesting three medicinal plants was carried out at four different constant temperature & humidity conditions (20°-32°C; 62-85%) including damage symptomology and leaf biochemical changes subsequent to mite feeding. Female of Schizotetranychus baltazari on Murraya koenigii and Oligonychus mangiferus & Oligonychus thelytokus on Ichnocarpus frutescens developed faster (8.50, 7.10 & 8.74 days, respectively) at 30⁰C, while development of Tetranychus hirsutus female on Gymnema sylvestre was faster (10.12 days) at 32⁰C. Demography of these spider mite species revealed higher Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase (rm) values of 0.097, 0.091, 0.095 & 0.095 females/female/day and higher Net Reproductive Rates (Ro) of 33.24, 26.60, 68.11 & 68.11 female offsprings/female/generation for S. baltazari, O. mangiferus, O. thelytokus & T. hirsutus, respectively. Higher fecundity (21-31 eggs/female) and lower Mean Generation Time (14-29 days) of O.mangiferus explained the reason for its greater abundance compared to O. thelytokus (19-27 eggs & 15–32 days) on the same host plant, I.frutescens. Adaxial feeding of S.baltazari on curry leaves resulted in grey spotting, discrete peelings of leaf cuticle, greyish-white appearance of the entire leaf, withering & defoliation. O. mangiferus & O. thelytokus feeding caused yellowish white spots, drying, withering & premature leaf-drop and T. hirsutus feeding produced orange-yellow spots & profuse webbings with large number of congregating individuals showed intuition for dispersal. Spider mites’ sap feeding damage on leaves resulted in significant reduction in carbohydrates (42–91%), proteins (55–69%) and flavonoids (18–65%), but alkaloid content increased in damaged leaves by 92% in M. koenigii, 220% in I. frutescens and 14% in G. sylvestre.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDE MOLECULES AGAINST COTTON MEALYBUG, Phenacoccus solenopsis TINSLEY (HOMOPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) AND THEIR SAFETY TO ITS NATURAL ENEMIES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-07-01) NIDHEESH, T.D.; Jayappa, A.H.Seven different insecticide molecules were evaluated against solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on cotton and their effect on natural enemy fauna was determined. In a preliminary laboratory experiment, these molecules with unique modes of action were tested for their efficacy at three different concentrations (i.e., below recommended, recommended and above the recommended concentrations). Based on the results of preliminary trial, these insecticides were assessed for the efficacy in the laboratory at recommended dose. Among the insecticides tested, thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.40 g/l and dinotefuran 20 SG @ 0.25 g/l exhibited significantly highest mealybug mortality at different hours after treatment (24 to 120 HAT), followed by pymetrozine 50 WG @ 0.60 g/l and azadirachtin 1% EC @ 2.00 ml/l. However, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran were found to be deleterious for the growth and development of two natural enemies viz., Aenasius arizonensis and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, whereas, azadirachtin 1% EC, buprofezin 25 SC and pymetrozine 50 WG were found to be least toxic by causing minimum mortality of both the natural enemies, among all the treatments. Therefore, pymetrozine 50 WG @ 0.60 g/l and azadirachtin 1% @ 2.00 ml/l could be used as safer alternatives to profenophos 50 EC (standard check) in the management of P. solenopsis in cotton, without adversely affecting the performance of A. arizonensis and C. montrouzieri.ThesisItem Open Access ERYTHRONEURINI LEAFHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: TYPHLOCYBINAE) ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS IN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-16) JYOTHI RAYAR; Thippaiah, M.The tribe Erythroneurini is the largest under the subfamily Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with 64 genera and 278 species in India of which 31 genera and 75 species were reported from Karnataka. The present study after the examination of 4855 specimens collected from various districts of Karnataka namely, Bagalkote, Belagavi, Bengaluru, Chamarajanagara, Chikkaballapura, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad, Gadag, Kodagu, Mysuru, Raichuru, Ramanagara, Shivamogga and Vijaypura, revealed the presence of 44 species belonging to 20 genera of erythroneurines. This also included one new subgenus of Thaia Ghauri and 10 putative new species belonging to Cubnara Dworakowska, Helionidia Zachvatkin, Hepneriana Dworakowska, Matsumurina Dworakowska, Seriana Dworakowska, Tautoneura Anufriev and Thaia. Ambara murthyi (Mathew & Ramakrishnan), Empoascanara niazii (Ahmed & Samad), Empoascanara plamka Dworakowska, Tautoneura erythropunctata (Ramakrishnan & Menon), Watara sudra (Distant) and Zyginopsis major Dworakowska are new records for Karnataka. Illustrated keys to 33 genera and 61 species found in Karnataka are given. 15 species of Erythroneurini leafhoppers were collected on 19 plant species grouped under following five families, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Rhamnaceae. Of these, species of Ambara, Empoascanara, Thaia and Qadria Mahmood were collected on economically important crops like sugarcane, paddy, wheat, ragi, bajra and ber and species of Cassianeura Ramakrishnan & Menon, Diomma Motschulsky, Hajra Dworakowska, Hepneriana, Ratburella Ramakrishnan & Menon, Tautoneura and Watara Dworakowska were found associated with ornamental plants like Cassia fistula L., Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd, Erythrina crista-galli L., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub., Helicterus isora L. and Bauhinia variegata (L.) Benth., respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SELECTED IPM MODULES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF SUNFLOWER AND THEIR SAFETY TO NON-TARGET SPECIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-09-03) SADASHIVA, TIPPIMATH; Srinivas Reddy, K. M.Seven different IPM modules were evaluated against major insect pests and nontarget species in sunflower during 2017-18 at ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru of which spinosad based module (M5) (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (5 g/kg) + metalaxyl 35 SD (5 g/kg) + hand picking & destruction of gregarious early instar larvae of defoliators (Spodoptera litura Fab. and Spilarctia obliqua Walker) + 2 sprays of spinosad (50 and 70 DAS) found superior against major defoliator Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fab. and capitulum borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. at 3, 5 and 10 days after first spray, followed by IPM module (UAS-B) (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (5 g/kg) + two sprays of 5 % NSKE and HaNPV (50 and 70 DAS). No significant differences were observed between the IPM modules w.r.t. the incidence of sucking pests (leafhopper, whitefly and thrips) and defoliator (weevil) population at both sprays. All the selected IPM modules were found safer to coccinellid and spider population in sunflower ecosystem at 3, 5 and 10 days after both first and second spray. The honey bees viz., Apis mellifera, A. dorsata and A. cerana indica were the most frequent visitor pollinators. All IPM modules recorded significantly greater number of bee visitors except UAS-B module (M6). However, the spinosad based module recorded highest seed yield (2366 kg/ha) with highest B: C ratio (8.71) and no differences were found between the IPM modules with regard to volume weight, test weight, oil content and per cent seed germination.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MATING DISRUPTION ON PEST POPULATION DENSITY AND AGE STRUCTURE OF Maruca vitrata (FABRICIUS) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-14) DHANYAKUMAR, O.; MOHAN, M.The legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most serious legume pests due to its wide host range, high damage potential and cosmopolitan distribution. Being genetically a complex species, the relevance of its management through use of synthetic sex pheromone lures to disrupt mating was investigated. Scotophase mating behaviour of M. vitrata was observed from 18:00 - 2:00 in interval of 20 min to assess the efficacy of pheromone lures in disrupting sexual communication. Among the blend combination, all three individual components viz., (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal with blend ratio of 100:5:5 and an individual component (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol elicited higher mating disruption behaviour. Their impact on mating disruption was evident from the lower fecundity and egg hatchability under laboratory condition. All the seven mating disruptant lures were evaluated by artificially releasing virgin adults under the semi field white net-house condition. The lure comprising of (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)- 10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal at 100:5:5 ratio significantly disrupted the normal mating regulating in lower flower damage (per cent) compare to control.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF Carica papaya L. SEEDS ON FERTILITY OF FEMALE BLACK RAT, Rattus rattus L.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-29) VINAYAKA, J. H.; MOHAN, I. NAIKDuring the investigation at AINP on VPM, Dept of Agricultural Entomology UAS, Bengaluru, the black rat females were fed with papaya seeds powder at 0.75 g (3%), 1.25 g (5%) and 1.75 g (7%) with 25 g normal bait (10g rice + 10 g ragi + 2.5 g ground nut oil + 2.5 g jaggery) for 7, 15 and 30 days continuously in a separate cages. The results of the investigation indicated that 1.25 g papaya seed powder with normal bait for 30 days (T6) and 1.75 g for 15 (T8) and 30 days (T9) along with the normal bait were found to be effective in inducing sterility by significantly enhancing diestrus stage of the estrus cycle. The same treatments altered the cholesterol and glucose contents of serum. Besides these treatments also reduced the FSH and LH, which play a key role in regulation of folliculogenesis. The estradiol and progesterone levels of serum hormonal profiles of tested rats were also declined significantly which affects the development of zygote. In the same treatments the mating success was reduced to 33 per cent and 25-33 per cent of resulted pups survived up to 40 days compared to control with 52.38 per cent. In treated rodents, histology of ovary showed reduced number of graafian follicles, congestion and reduction in the number of ovarian follicles. Further studies are required for understanding the establishment of exact mechanism of action at cellular and molecular level that needs to be explored.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORATION OF GUT MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (NOCTUIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-28) ANJUMALLIGE, P. L.; SHIVANNA, B.The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is a polyphagous invasive pest on Maize. Endosymbiont is an organism that lives in the body or cells of other organisms in a mutualistic relationship. Diversity of gut symbionts from S. frugiperda was studied from three different geographical larval populations viz., Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu by 16s rRNA sequencing. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella varicola, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis and Brevibcterium linens were identified from larval gut of S. frugiperda from Karnataka. Acinetobacter lwoffi, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacilllus firmus, Enterococcus mundtii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella varicola, Pantoea agglomerans and Proteus vulgaris were identified from larval population of Andhra Pradesh and Burkholderia cenocepacia, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella variicola, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Bacillus velezensis from a larval population of Tamil Nadu. 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing revealed the functions carried out by predicted microbial genes which include fatty acid metabolism, antibody synthesis, Biotin metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids, cellular processes, ABC transport system, Alanine, Glutamate, Aspartate and nitrogen metabolism, Methane metabolism and glycolysis pathway. Taxonomic profiling at phylum level revealed that a major group of symbionts from all three locations belonged to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Bacterial microflora from larval population of Karnataka is more diverse than Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu population which suggests that environment has a considerable effect on the microbial community in the larval gut.
