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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF CULTIVATION OF SMALL MILLETS FOR MEETING FOOD, NUTRITION, FODDER SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE WAKE OF CLIMATE CHANGE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-11-28) AMRUTHA, T.; CHANDRAKANTH, M. G.The present study endeavoured to estimate the small millets economics, their impact on food, nutrition and health security, existing processing and marketing facilities and constraints in production and consumption of small millets in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka during 2016-17. The study was taken up in Chitradurga and Tumkur districts. The data was collected from a sample of 120 farmers, 10 primary processors and 30 households each from rural and urban small millets consumers. The compiled information was analyzed using different statistical and econometric methodology. The results showed that over the years the area under small millets has been declining trend and high instability was observed in both area and production. The average area devoted for small millets cultivation is 0.84 acre. The per acre cost of cultivation of small millets worked out to be around Rs. 9833 to Rs. 12080, while per quintal cost of production is around Rs. 2166 to Rs. 2840. Gross returns realized from small millets cultivation is ranges from Rs. 14192 to Rs. 20220 per acre. Returns per rupee of expenditure worked out to be more than one (ranges from Rs. 1.37 to Rs. 1.64) for all small millets indicating the profitability of small millets cultivation in rainfed area. About 67 per cent in urban and 30 per cent of consumers in rural area felt that small millets consumption helped in maintaining blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Therefore, there is need to expand area and increase production of small millets by increasing productivity. Hence, Government should invest in developing high yielding verities and provide price support in the form of Minimum Support Price to increase demand thereby increases the area under small millets.ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH DIMENSIONS OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN KARNATAKA-AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-21) CHANDRAPPA, T.; MAHADEVAIAH, G. S.The present study was carried out with objectives of assessing overall performance of livestock sector in Karnataka, spatial variation in growth of livestock population, production and productivity, long run relationship between production and prices of major livestock products, demand and supply projection and economics of livestock rearing of sample households. Primary data were collected from 60 sample households each from Tumkur and Kolar districts. Secondary data on livestock population, livestock products, yield and prices of livestock products were collected from line departments. Results of the study indicated that overall growth performance of livestock population during 2003-07, 1990-97 and 1977-83 was highly impressive with 7.35, 5.13 and 3.13 per cent respectively. The results of the growth performance of output were mixed trends in most of the species of livestock in all livestock census of the Karnataka state except poultry. The growth rate of poultry in the state was increased from 7.82 per cent during 1990-97 to 35.07 per cent during 2012-17. The projections of supply and demand of livestock products for 2030 were 10,028 and 9,447 thousand tonnes in case of milk, 251 and 1,731 thousand tonnes in case of meat and in case of eggs 1,01,015 and 3,14,692 lakh eggs respectively. Livestock products prices and outputs were positively correlated.The overall net return per cow was Rs. 30,619.95 and per buffalo the net return was Rs. 19,786.43. The net return from a herd sige of 19 sheep was Rs. 30,661 and it was Rs. 13,054 for a herd size of 11 goats.The annual income realized from livestock raring was 68.65, 64.87, 55.66 and 43.42 per cent out of the households total income for non-cultivators, small and marginal, medium and large farm households respectively and remaining source of income comes from other sources such as agriculture, off-farm and non-farm activities.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND FARMERS VULNERABILITY IN SEMI-ARID TROPICS (SAT) OF INDIA: HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-10-22) VIJAYALAXMI DUNDAPPA KHED; UMESH, K. B.This study uses household level panel data to estimate the agriculture sensitivity and farmers vulnerability to climate change in Semi-Arid Tropics of India. The data pertaining to 2009-2014 collected by International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in five states of Southern India viz., Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh from 664 panel farmers was used for the study. Further, farmers were classified into small, medium and large farmers based on operational land holdings. Empirical results showed inverted U shape relationship between farm income, major crops yield and return from livestock with climate variables. The average production of milk and egg showed decreasing annual growth rate of 5.20 per cent and 12.90 per cent, respectively. As temperature and rainfall increases, return/yield initially increases up to a threshold level and then decreases. Across the land classes, the impact was significant in case of small farmers due to less adaption capacity on field as compared to higher end farmers. Significant effects of both agricultural revenue and crop production diversity on dietary diversity were estimated. The results implied that one per cent increase in agricultural revenue and crop diversity resulted in 1.03 per cent and 1.76 per cent increase in dietary diversity, respectively. These results illustrate that increased crop diversity ensure improved dietary diversity than the agricultural income. The medium farmers were more vulnerable to climate variability compared to other farmers due to their high dependent on agriculture. The study emphasizes the development of new seed varieties, adjustments in sowing time, fodder bank, diversification of production and livelihood strategies could helps to overcome the negative effects of livestock.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORATION OF PRESENT FARMING SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCING FARM INCOME: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONSTRAINTS, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN DRY ZONES OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-10) BHAVYA, A.P.; UMESH, K.B.The present research is focused for enhancing farm income in different farming systems in Southern and Eastern dry zones of Karnataka, with an objective of analysing constraints, challenges and potentials in different farming systems in different situations. Data collection for the study was through well structured questionnaires administered on 240 respondents (120 each from Mandya and Kolar district) selected through random sampling technique. Composite livelihood security index was found to be low in C + Sh (0.32 & 0.35) farm households than the C+ D +S (0.40 & 0.44), C+ D (0.39 & 0.42) and C + D + H (0.48 & 0.49) respectively in both the districts. The net return obtained from coconut crop (B:C: 3.70) is more than the field crops in all the farming systems in both the districts. Results from multinomial probit model revealed that, probability of C + D farming system will decreases in comparison to C+ Sh farming system, with increase in proportion of area under irrigation. Similar is the case of Membership in cooperative. Families with members in cooperatives have higher probability of adopting C+ D will decrease in comparison to C+ Sh. Shortage of labour and scarcity of water is the major production constraints followed by scarcity of own fund stands at first position with the mean score of 70 (Mandya) and 70.50 (Kolar) as major finance constraints/ challenges. Low price for the produce and high price fluctuations were the major marketing constraints faced by the farmers in both the districts. Optimum plan suggested for C + D + H Mandya farmers could earn Rs.385107/farm/annum more than the existing plan (Rs. 208174/farm/annum).ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF FOREST RIGHTS ACT, 2006 ON TRIBAL ECONOMY: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ITS IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD OF TRIBAL COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN KERALA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-10) MERLIN, MATHEW; UMESH, K. B.The study was an attempt to assess the impact of FRA, 2006 among Kattunaickka, Paniya, Kuruma and Urali tribal communities of Wayanad district, Kerala during 2017- 18. Both secondary and primary data were analyzed using different statistical and econometric tools to elicit the influence of the act. The study observed that the overall performance of the act was sluggish even after 10 years of its implementation. As of now, a total of 7918 individual land claims and 321 community rights were received in Wayanad district, out of which only 55 per cent and 21 per cent were approved respectively. And also awareness about the customary rights extended under the act was meager among majority of the respondents. The study also found that engagement of tribes in forest based activities like NTFP collection, cultivation & livestock rearing and forest conservation were tapering away due to number of reasons. Wage labour was the most important source of income among the majority of households at present. The socioeconomic index revealed that the impact of FRA varied among the tribal communities. The study emphasized the significant role of forest based income in poverty reduction and income equity among tribes. As far as the conservation of tribal culture and indigenous knowledge, there were no progressive steps taken apart from providing a land for their habitation. Tribal willingness to participate in the forest conservation was also declining due to increased human animal conflict and low financial incentives. Overall study revealed little influence of FRA, 2006 on the beneficiaries in terms of livelihood securement and conservation of resources. Therefore policy has to be reviewed to strengthen the benefits of and its reachability to the beneficiariesThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION, EMPLOYMENT AND URBANISATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-20) ASHWINI, B. C.; Chandrakanth, M. G.The present study deals with the food security status, factors affecting food security, consumption pattern, magnitude of undernutrition among women and adolescent girls and crop diversification in rural-urban interface of Bengaluru. The sample frame consisted of 1200 households, 600 each from high intensive agriculture area (120 from urban, 242 from peri-urban and 238 from rural households) and low intensive agriculture area (86 from urban, 168 from peri-urban and 346 from rural households) of Bengaluru.75 per cent and 78 per cent of the households were food secure in HIAA (high intensive agriculture area) and LIAA (low intensive agriculture area), respectively. Across different gradients of HIAA, food secure households were 63 per cent, 73 per cent and 83 per cent in rural, peri-urban and urban areas, respectively. Within LIAA, food security status was high in urban area (85%) followed by peri-urban (75 %) and rural areas (63 %). In HIAA and LIAA, 70 and 78 per cent of the irrigated farm families were food secure, respectively. Employment generation in LIAA was higher from non-farm sector in all the three gradients and in HIAA employment generation was high from agriculture sector (33%). Urbanization had a direct impact on nutritional status of women and adolescent girls, the percentage of underweight women were high in rural area and the percentage of obese women were high in urban area of both HIAA and LIAA. Production diversity was high in irrigated farms than rainfed in both the areas. Prevalence of food security was marginally high in irrigated farm households than rainfed farm households. Thus, there is a need to create irrigation infrastructure in rainfed areas to increase food security. Majority of the rural women were prone to underweight, therefore awareness need to be created among rural women through primary health centers.ThesisItem Open Access CAPITAL FORMATION IN AGRICULTURE - IMPACT ON FARM PRODUCTIVITY, INCOME AND PROPENSITY TO SAVE IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-09-19) HAMSA, K. R.; UMESH, K. B.The present study endeavours to investigate trends of farm level investment, sources of income, pattern of investment, sources of funds for investment, propensity to save, factors influencing capital formation and technical efficiency of different farms viz., small, large, rainfed and irrigated in Southern Karnataka were during 2017-18. The study was taken up in Tumakuru and Ramanagara districts representing agriculturally progressive and less progressive areas, respectively with total sample size of 240. The collected information was analysed using different statistical and econometric tools. The results showed that, the rising trend with higher magnitude was observed in less progressive area. From 2009-10 to 2017-18, the aggregate capital formation was high in progressive area (` 752102/ha) compared to less progressive (` 501932/ha) area. The priority of investment was on irrigation structures (29 %) in progressive area, whereas it was on farm machinery and equipments (27 %) in less progressive area. The proportion of credit provided by institutional sources for capital formation was higher in progressive area (57 %) with higher propensity to save than in less progressive area (41 %). In progressive area, irrigated land, income and institutional credit significantly influenced capital formation, whereas in less progressive area education, income, borrowed capital and institutional credit had significant influence. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that, capital formation at farm level had increased the income, savings and farm efficiency in progressive area. Therefore, there is a need to expand formal credit institutions to make medium and long term loans available for farm activities in less progressive areas.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DAIRY ENTERPRISE ON LIVELIHOODS AND POVERTY REDUCTION: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE RURALURBAN INTERFACE OF BENGALURU(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-22) SHIVAGANGAVVA DODDAMANI; Mahadevaiah, G. S.The study aims at assessing the influence of dairying on livelihood and poverty reduction in the rural-urban interface of North and South Bengaluru. Each transect consist of three layers viz., rural, transition and urban. A sample of 50 dairy households from rural and transition layer including 20 from urban and 20 non-dairy households from each layer were selected for the study. Thus total sample consisted of 240 dairy households and 120 non-dairy households. Results indicated that the dairy respondents were found to be relatively young compared to non-dairy respondents. The annual income was higher in the case of dairy sample households (Rs.2,93,402) than non-dairy sample households (Rs.1,35,110).The livelihood index value was higher among dairy sample households (0.99) than the non-dairy sample households (0.70). Per day maintenance cost for local and crossbred cows was Rs.58.34 and Rs.104.34 respectively. While the milk yield from crossbred cow (5.13lt.) was significantly higher than local cows (2.39lt.). Per day per cow gross return were Rs.132.75 and Rs.62.48 in respect of crossbred and local cows, respectively. Thus, rearing of crossbred cows was more profitable than local cows. The average milk price realised by dairy sample households was more in channel-I (Rs.26/-) for local cows whereas crossbred cows milk fetched higher price in channel-III (Rs.25.17). There was an higher degree of equity in the distribution of income across urban, transition and rural household as revealed by the value of the Gini coefficient for dairy sample households (0.31) than non-dairy sample households (0.50).The dairy women even with lower education and less time spent in dairy activities earned more income than non-dairy women. In dairy sample households, the poverty reduction was observed across all the layers of both north and south transect except rural layers of south transect. Whereas poverty still existed among the non-dairy farmers in all the three layers.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON VALUE CHAINS IN DAIRY FARMING: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE RURAL-URBAN INTERFACE OF BENGALURU(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-22) KADLI VEERESH; Chinnappareddy, B. V.The present study was undertaken in rural-urban interface of Bengaluru to assess the influence of urbanization on value chains in dairy farming. The study area was divided into two transects North and South and each transect was divided into rural, transition and urban gradients. Data was collected from 480 households. Allied activities were the major source of income among the rural households, while, non-farm income was highest for urban farmers in north and south transects. Marketing efficiency was high for Nandini special milk (0.80) and lowest for toned milk (0.21). Value addition was highest for curd (37.81%) followed by milk (29.50 %). Return per rupee of investment was highest in large sized dairy compared to medium and small farms in both the transects. Break even yield for cross bred cows was more than local cows and buffaloes in all gradients. About 90 per cent of the variance was attributed to the variation in output among the dairy farmers in both transects. It was due to differences in production efficiency. The largest output multiplier was observed for livestock activity (4.20) followed by agriculture (3.93) in rural gradient. The largest output multiplier observed was village production activities (3.72) followed by labour activity (3.25) in transition gradient. In urban gradient, the largest output multiplier was observed for village production (4.36) followed by labour (3.92) and livestock activities (3.39). Value addition needs to be promoted at producer level to enhance the producer share in consumer rupee. Dairy farmers have the potential to increase their returns without changing the production frontier by providing balanced feed supply and attaining the training programmes conducted by dairy co-operatives. Rural gradient was dominated by the primary sector whereas, transition and urban gradients were dominated by the service sectors, this was largely due to influence of urbanization.