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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF CUSTOMER PROFILE OF E-BANKING USERS IN SEMI URBAN AREAS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-14) SATHYANARAYANA, H. G.; CHANDRASHEKAR, H.Information technology has revolutionized the banking industry, have created a paradigm shift in the banking industry from brick-and-mortar banks to ebanking/ virtual banking. The banks and financial institutions are emphasizing on encouraging bank customers to use e-banking facilities. This study attempts to document customers' awareness, preference for different delivery channels, the profile of the customer using e-banking, problems associated in usage of e-banking and reasons for not using e-banking. Data was collected from customers using e-banking and those not using e-banking from Devanahalli and Hoskote taluk centers of Bangalore rural district. The bank selected was Canara bank which was a lead bank in the district. The results of the study indicate that, e-banking users were young (25- 35 years), had education back ground of graduation and post graduation with most of them having white collar jobs, with an annual income of Rs. 0.5 to 3 lakh per annum. Non e-banking users were relatively old (35-45 years), had an education up to preuniversity and below pre-university level and relatively have higher income compared to e-banking users. The study found that the use of e-banking facilities was more among the respondents with lower income compared to respondents with higher income. Among the various e-banking services offered by the bank; ATM was most popular among e-bank users and very few respondents were aware of other e-banking channels. Computer literacy, profession, income and bank transactions were the major factors that influenced use of e-banking facilities. Common Services availed through ATM were only cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. And other services were carried out through branch. Problems associated in usage of ATM were lack of power, inadequate money in the ATM and long queues. Preference to personal contact, security and needlessness of e-banking were the main reasons for non use of ATM (ebanking). Majority of respondents prefer personal contact and there was a lack of awareness about e-banking in semi-urban areas and hence banks need to initiate awareness programmes for better utilization of e-banking facilities in semi-urban areas.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF CUSTOMER PROFILE OF E-BANKING USERS IN SEMI URBAN AREAS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) SATHYANARAYANA, H. G.; CHANDRASHEKAR, H.Information technology has revolutionized the banking industry, have created a paradigm shift in the banking industry from brick-and-mortar banks to ebanking/ virtual banking. The banks and financial institutions are emphasizing on encouraging bank customers to use e-banking facilities. This study attempts to document customers' awareness, preference for different delivery channels, the profile of the customer using e-banking, problems associated in usage of e-banking and reasons for not using e-banking. Data was collected from customers using e-banking and those not using e-banking from Devanahalli and Hoskote taluk centers of Bangalore rural district. The bank selected was Canara bank which was a lead bank in the district. The results of the study indicate that, e-banking users were young (25- 35 years), had education back ground of graduation and post graduation with most of them having white collar jobs, with an annual income of Rs. 0.5 to 3 lakh per annum. Non e-banking users were relatively old (35-45 years), had an education up to preuniversity and below pre-university level and relatively have higher income compared to e-banking users. The study found that the use of e-banking facilities was more among the respondents with lower income compared to respondents with higher income. Among the various e-banking services offered by the bank; ATM was most popular among e-bank users and very few respondents were aware of other e-banking channels. Computer literacy, profession, income and bank transactions were the major factors that influenced use of e-banking facilities. Common Services availed through ATM were only cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. And other services were carried out through branch. Problems associated in usage of ATM were lack of power, inadequate money in the ATM and long queues. Preference to personal contact, security and needlessness of e-banking were the main reasons for non use of ATM (ebanking). Majority of respondents prefer personal contact and there was a lack of awareness about e-banking in semi-urban areas and hence banks need to initiate awareness programmes for better utilization of e-banking facilities in semi-urban areasThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS IMPACT OF E-BANKING ON CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANGALORE CITY(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-10) SWETHA, B. V.; NAGARAJA, G. N.The study was taken up with the major objective of measuring the impact of E-banking on non E-banking service, analyzing benefits of E-banking for bankers and customers and to document the constraints faced by the customers and bank. Primary data was collected from customers of four different banks (SBI, Canara Bank, ICICI Bank and Syndicate Bank) and also bankers of the same bank. Information on number of customers using E-banking and non E-banking in year 2000 and year 2008 was used to measure the impact of E-banking on non Ebanking services, further information on ranking of benefits from both bankers and customers was used to analyze the benefits of E-banking for bankers and customers and documented the constraints faced by the customers and banks in Ebanking. There was significant impact of E-banking on non -E-banking services and are directly proportional to each other. E-banking is highly beneficial for customers because of its all time banking facility, ease of use, time saving and convenience. It is also beneficial to banks as it reduces the operating costs thus can maximize profit, banks have more competitive advantage due to increase in customer satisfaction. With regard to the constraints for customers fraud is the major one followed by more transaction fee, not enough money in ATMs, long queue in front of ATMs and security threat at the time of with drawl of money. For bank, the major constraints documented are money delivery mechanism, low customer base, default rate whereas start-up costs and theft of personal identity is no more big constraints. Practical utility is that banks can expand and popularize E-banking services to reduce the operational cost and increase efficiency of the banks and banking via mobile phones has to be established for better customer service.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS APPRAISAL OF ORCHID FLOWER PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-17) CHANDANKUMAR, G. H.; Gracy, C. P.Orchids belong to one of the largest family in plant kingdom and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of high humidity. In India, orchids form 9 per cent of the flora which is mostly distributed in the western and eastern coastal districts. The study was conducted in Udupi and Dakshina kannada districts. The primary data on production and supply aspects of orchids were collected from the orchid growing farmers. The analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics, Net Present Worth(NPW), Benefit - Cost Ratio(BCR) and Internal Rate of Return(IRR). The 1000 m2 establishment cost of orchid shade-net house worked out to Rs. 4,21,195 and annual average maintenance cost of Rs.1,00,442 per 1000 m2. The average marketing cost of farmers was Rs. 2221 towards packaging and transportation. The average annual gross income realized by orchid growing farmers was Rs. 5,30,698 per 1000 m2 area which resulted in a net realization of Rs. 3,45,977. An analysis of feasibility of investment in orchid cultivation for 1000 m2 shade-net house revealed that the investment was financially sound as reflected by the magnitude of NPW (Rs.4,11,174), BCR (1.56) and IRR (39.76%). The good production practices revealed that more than 70 per cent of the farmers followed cultivation under shade net, growing in pots, and tissue culture plants. Orchid Growers Society played an important role in providing backward and forward linkages of supply chain. The important nurseries involved in mass propagation of orchid flowers are Beena nursery (Thiruvanthapuram), Kairali orchids (Cochin), Bio plant (Palakkad). The major channel for orchid flowers in Mangalore and Udupi is:Orchid Growers Society Auction centers(Goa and Mangalore) retailers consumersThesisItem Open Access SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN SAFAL DAILY FRESH - A CASE STUDY IN BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-17) AJAYA, T. C.; Ganapathy, M. S.India is one of largest producer of fruit and vegetable in the world accounts to 12 per cent of fruits and 13 per cent of vegetables. Supply chain spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. The agriculture related supply chain segment suffers maximum inefficiency in India. Study was conducted in Safal, the Safal Daily Fresh, part of the National Dairy Development Board, a unit of Mother Dairy, which has opened its maiden retail outlet in July 2007 in Jeevanbheema nagar. Whenever there is huge quantity of material than required indent comes to Safal market then it is very difficult to arrange labours for handling. At present halls like fruit sorting, vegetable sorting, fruit ripening halls and cold storage units are not efficiently utilizing. There is no suitable logistic model for transportation of fruits and vegetables to the Safal daily fresh. Procurement and sales of fruits and vegetables are not reaching expected targets given by the NDDB. Due to good quality grading and standardization post harvest losses is very negligible, both in market and Safal daily fresh retail outlets. Since they are dealing directly with the farmers they are providing fruits and vegetables at a competitive price and making good profits through more sales. Safal needs to provide extension services regarding crop planning, selection of variety, market information farmers. This will lead to farmers producing fruits and vegetables as per the market requirement. It needs to increase number of Safal Growers Associations in fruit and vegetable growing district to achieve expected target level and to fulfil existing infrastructure facilities like ripening chambers, fruit, vegetable halls and cold storage units. It needs to tie up with star hotels, hostels and double the number of wholesale outlets within a span of two years in the Bangalore city to promote fruits and vegetables sales. It needs to increase number of Safal daily fresh retail outlets from 23 to 100 within span of three years to increase sales and give competitive edge for other retail chains.ThesisItem Open Access MARKETING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF FERTILIZER COMPANIES-A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN KOLAR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-18) BALAJI, M.; Ganapathy, M. S.The study was taken up with the major objective of assessing the market share of different fertilizers, product range, pricing, product promotion, marketing channels, segmentation strategies of different Fertilizer companies and problems encountered by fertilizer distributors. The study is pertaining to Kolar district (Undivided) of Karnataka. Both primary and secondary data were collected. The market share of fertilizers was analysed by using seven years data. Fertilizer consumption in Kharif and Rabi season in 2001-02 was 51, 222 tonnes, the consumption increased to 57,625 tonnes in 2007-08. The projection of nitrogenous fertilizers shows that, it may be increase from 33,452 tonnes in 2009 to 34,362 tonnes by the year 2013. Similarly, the use of phosphatic fertilizers also shows an increasing trend. Their consumption is expected to increase from 16,469 tonnes in 2009 to 19,002 tonnes by the year 2013. It is likely that the use of potassic fertilizers will increase from 8,689 tonnes in 2009 to 9,581 tonnes by the year 2013. IFFCO is having the product range of Urea, Di-ammonium phosphate, potash, Mono-ammonium phosphate, 20:20:0, 10:26:26 and 12:32:16. Similarly MCF Ltd is having the product range of Urea, Di-ammonium phosphate, potash and 20:20:0:13. Pricing is done by central government. Farmers meetings are most influential source of advertisement followed by the spot demonstrations and Calendars. The companies following three types of marketing channels, in the first channel, the company sells the fertilizer to Cooperatives. Afterwards, Co-operatives sell the fertilizer to the dealers, who inturn sell the same to the farmers. In second channel, company sells the fertilizer to Co-operatives who will directly sell it to farmers and in third channel, company sells the fertilizer to dealers who will sell to the farmers. There is no segmentation strategy in fertilizer marketing. The problems faced by the fertilizer dealers, 93 per cent of the respondents felt that fertilizer shortage is the problem perceived by them.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE ANALUSIS OF KARNATAKA OILSEED GROWERS’ FEDERATION LTD. – A CASE STUDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) SUPRABHA, S. M.; MANDANNA, P. K.The Co-operatives in the state have made an all-round progress and their role in, and contribution to agricultural progress has particularly been significant. This study was taken up to provide insight into the strengths and weakness of the Federation and focuses on the analysis of business performance of the Federation. Financial statements were collected from the audit reports of KOF for the financial year ending 2001 to 2008. The details regarding marketing, procurement strategies, pricing strategies and human resource management were collected by interviewing the respective Heads of the Departments. Random sampled employees were interviewed on HR aspects with a pre- set questionnaire at the Head Office. KOF is procuring oilseeds through its own Oilseed Growers’ Co-operative Societies (OGCS) and through regulated markets. Further KOF is also importing oil through State Trading Corporation (STC) Ltd. KOF is marketing its branded products through various agencies like private companies wholesalers, retailers, Government organizations, etc. It could be observed that the Federation registered an impressive performance with annual compound growth rate of 12.96 for sales of oil. Federation is having comfortable liquidity to meet short and longterm financial obligations. The gross profit margin has increased over the years, but net profit margin has remained almost constant and has not increased as fast as gross profit margin, implying that the operating expenses relative to sales have been increasing over many years. Increasing expenses should be identified and controlled. The reasons attributed for the success of the Federation are, the diversified supply chain spread and its marketing channelsThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGIES OF BREWERIES PRODUCTS IN BANGALORE CITY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) GAWAI MAHESH, VISHWANATH; JAYARAM), M. S.Liquor industry has always remained under strict governmental control in terms of capacity creation, distribution and taxation. While the overall public perception spells restraint, but it is the symbol of high life even in puritan India. An attempt has been made to study the marketing strategies of breweries products in Bangalore city. The study is based on the primary data collected from sample of 100 beverages consumer and secondary data collected from United Breweries Limited and Karnataka State Beverages Corporation Limited. The domestic players are under a great threat to sustain their market shares and need to think on their feet to keep ahead of competition. There are not many things which can be done and probably most of the domestic companies have already started preparing for the onslaught. The various strategies are marketing mix, brand repositioning, brand extension, online marketing. Majority of respondents preferred more than one brand. The results indicate that maximum number of the respondents prefer beer i.e. 34 per cent, whisky is preferred by 65 32 per cent, rum is preferred by 17 per cent, vodka is preferred by 15 per cent and wine is preferred by two per cent. Consumption of breweries products is independent of income, marital status and occupation KSBCL (Karnataka State Beverages Corporation Limited) was handling sourcing and distribution of Indian made Liquor and Foreign Liquor. All manufacturers / suppliers who want to sell liquor or beer in Karnataka, whether produced in Karnataka or outside have to canalize it through KSBCL only ( Liquor includes Indian Made Foreign Liquors, beer and wine)ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF RICE MILLS IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) GURURAJ, N.; CHANDRASHEKAR, H.Rice is the most premier staple and extensively cultivated food crop of the world. Rice is obtained by milling paddy. The practice of milling is as old as the cultivation of rice itself. The advent of modern rice mills brought a major change in the rice milling industry. Considering the importance of rice mills, the present study was under taken. Growth rates in area, production and productivity of rice was studied using the secondary data collected from indiastat.com from 1955-56 to 2006-07. Economics and problems related to processing were studied using the primary data collected from the 32 sample processors in the Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka. The growth in area under rice in Karnataka (0.62%) was on par with the growth in area (0.60%) at all India during the periods 1955-56 to 2006-07. In rice production India (2.53%) recorded slightly higher growth as compared to the Karnataka state (2.12%). The processing cost including raw material cost was found to be higher in large size rice mills (Rs.1119.96), compared to medium (Rs.1104.68) and small (Rs.1091.96) size rice mills. Of the total processing cost, variable cost formed the major component (94.29%) in all the categories of rice mills. The net returns per quintal of output obtained were higher in large size rice mills (Rs.387.44), compared to other categories of rice mills. In general irrespective of the size, rice mills attained break even at 10826.31 quintals. Further, business ratio analysis showed that large size rice mills earned higher profit than small and medium size rice mills. As per the opinion of the processors present levy system, Irregular power supply, high price of raw materials and scarcity of raw materials were the major problems faced by the processors in the study area.