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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on different balanced anaesthetic combinations for buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy(LUVAS, 2019) Sharma, Satbir; (Ashok KumarThe study was conducted on forty buffaloes suffering from diaphragmatic hernia reported to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar. Animals were randomly divided into eight groups having five animals each. After pre-anaesthetic medication with glycopyrrolate, and dexmedetomidine/xylazine (Four groups for each drug out of eight groups), each animal was restrained in lateral recumbency for induction of anaesthesia. Before induction, pentazocine was given intravenously. Propofol/etomidate was used as induction agent in four groups of each including two groups of Glycopyrrolate-Xylazine and two groups of glycopyrrolatedexmedomidine as anticholinergic and sedative drugs respectively and sevoflurane/ isoflurane as maintenance anaesthetic agents. Scores for premedication, induction, maintenance and recovery were good while scores for sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation were fair in all the groups without any significance difference between them. No significant change was recorded in rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration and non-invasive blood pressure during the entire period of anaesthesia within all the groups. Significant difference was observed in the group GDPES from rest all groups at the time interval before rumenotomy, before drug administration and at 30 minutes of inhalation with the values 361.6 ± 131.26, 438.4 ± 94.39 and 418.2 ± 80.71, respectively (x103 /mm3 ) and also in hematocrit valuve before rumenotomy. No siginificance was observed in any biochemical parmeters was observed in any group. However, when compared between groups siginificance was observed in values of LDH, ALP, GGT, Triglycerides, Cholestrol, Calcium, Phosphorus, Total protein, Albumin, Sodium, Chloride and Cortisol at different time interval of study. All the anaesthetic combinations were found effective as well as safe for buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy.ThesisItem Restricted Comparative evaluation of efficacy of pentazocine lactate, Butorphanol tartrate and dipyrone in buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy(LUVAS, 2011) Satbir Sharma; Tayal, RishiThe study was conducted in eighteen buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy which were categorised into three groups of six animals each. The drugs were used in following combinations: Glycopyrrolate – Xylazine – Pentazocine – Ketamine, Glycopyrrolate – Xylazine – Butorphanol – Ketamine and Glycopyrrolate – Xylazine – Dipyrone – Ketamine. Glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/kg body weight i/m, Xylazine @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight i/m, Pentazocine lactate @ 0.75 mg/kg body weight i/v, Butorphanol tartrate @ 0.075 mg/kg body weight i/v, Dipyrone @ 35 mg/kg body weight i/v and Ketamine @ 2 mg/kg body weight i/v were given as per protocol. In all groups, rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate fluctuated non-significantly during the entire period of observations. There was slight non-significant decrease in Hb, TLC, TEC and PCV in all three groups during anaesthesia. Non-significant hyperglycaemia was observed in all the groups after 15 minutes of Pentazocine/ Butorphanol/Dipyrone injection and at 5 minutes of Ketamine administration. In group 1, significant increase in plasma chloride was observed after 15 minutes of Pentazocine administration, five minutes after Ketamine administration and the values remained elevated at recovery in comparison to the base value. In group 2 plasma albumin showed non-significant increase after 15 minutes of Butorphanol administration and non-significant decrease at recovery. The values of all other biochemical parameters fluctuated non-significantly within the normal physiological range in all the three groups. All groups produced comparable analgesia duration for 46.23±2.10, 47.24±2.14 and 44.24±2.78 minutes, respectively but anaesthesia remained for longer duration in Group 1 (81.5±5.60 minutes), intermediate for Group 2 (66.83±4.05) and shorter in Group 3 (58.66±3.29 minutes). Complete recovery was earliest in Group 3 in 90±2.51 minutes followed by Group 2 in 98.7±6.98 minutes and Group-I in 122.33±6.87 minutes. Based on various parameters it can be concluded that Butorphanol and Pentazocine have comparable analgesic effects in combination of Glycopyrrolate-Xylazine-Ketamine during peri- and postoperative period and Butorphanol and Pentazocine are better analgesics than Dipyrone in buffoles undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphyThesisItem Restricted Ultrasonographic studies of developmental changes of the heart in dog(LUVAS, 2011) Preeti Singh; Prem SinghEchocardiography was done in mongrel pups (n=4) from first day of life to ten months at regular interval of fifteen days. Dimensional echocardiographic indices i.e. aortic root dimension, left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole and end systole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole and end systole and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole and end systole were measured by M-mode echocardiography. Functional echocardiographic ratio indices like fractional shortening, ejection fraction, left ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septal systolic thickening, fractional change in left ventricular internal area, fractional left ventricular myocardial wall thickness and area (short axis); relative left ventricular wall thickness and relative interventricular septal thickness were calculated. Weight based echocardiographic ratio indices were also calculated. Dimensional echocardiographic indices increased with advancement of age but functional echocardiographic ratio indices were independent of age. Cardiac diseases were also diagnosed by echocardiography in eighteen dogs. Dilated cardiomyopathy (n=4), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=3), chronic valvular disease (n=4), pulmonary regurgitation (n=2), pericardial effusion (n=4) and heart worm disease (n=1) were diagnosed by echocardiography. Mitral and pulmonary regurgitation were confirmed by colour flow Doppler imaging. Echocardiography was useful to study normal anatomy as well as diagnosis of cardiac diseases in dogs.ThesisItem Restricted Evaluation of acepromazine-propofol and triflupromazine-propofol as anaesthetic combinations in buffalo calves(LUVAS, 2013) Singh, Karan; Kumar, AshokTwelve experimental trials were undertaken on clinically healthy male buffalo calves, 6 to 18 months of age and weighing between 120 to 206 kg in two groups. In group-I, acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg, IM) and in group-II triflupromazine(0.3 mg/kg, IM) were injected and in both groups induction of anaesthesia was done with propofol (2 mg/kg, IV) after 15 minute of acepromazine/ triflupromazine respectively. In group-I, a decrease in spontaneous activity was seen in all the animals after acepromazine administration. Ataxia was observed at 7.07±0.91minutes after acepromazine administration. Transient apnoea (20 seconds) was observed in two animals after propofol administration. Palpebral and swallowing reflexes were lost at 2.50±0.23 and 3.33±0.42 minutes of propofol administration, respectively. Corneal reflexes remained sluggish and the response to needle pricks at base of tail was diminished but persisted at fetlock, ribs periosteum, abdomen and base of horn. Recovery was manifested by the opening of eyelids, regaining of swallowing and head righting reflexes. Complete recovery took 130.33±5.65 minutes. Heart rate increased significantly after acepromazine administration, which remained non-significantly higher at 5 minute after propofol administration. Respiratory rate decreased significantly after propofol administration. There was a non-significant decrease in Hb at recovery. Packed cell volume decreased significantly at 5 minute of propofol administration and at recovery as compared to base value. There was a non-significant hyperglycaemia, whereas, bilirubin level decreased significantly at 24 hours of acepromazine administration in comparison to base value. In group-II, a decrease in spontaneous activity was seen after triflupromazine administration. Ataxia was observed at 3.33±0.55 minutes of triflupromazine administration. Swallowing reflex abolished at 3.83±0.79 minutes of propofol administration. Corneal reflexes and palpebral reflex remained sluggish during anaesthesia. Response to needle pricks at base of tail was diminished but persited at fetlock, ribs periosteum, abdomen and base of horn. Recovery was marked by the opening of eyelids and return of various reflexes. Complete recovery took 182.33±8.03 minutes. There was significant increase in rectal temperature at recovery. A non-significant increase in heart rate was observed at 15 minutes of triflupromazine after that heart rate increase significantly at 5 minute of propofol. There was a non-significant decrease in Hb at recovery. There was a significant decrease in PCV at recovery. Respiratory rate decreased significantly after propofol administration. There was a non-significant hyperglycaemia, whereas, bilirubin level increased significantly after propofol administrationThesisItem Restricted Evaluation of xylazine-ketaminepropofol anaesthesia in buffaloes subjected to diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy(LUVAS, 2012) Jakhar, Pushpender; Bisla, R.S.The study was conducted in eighteen buffaloes undergoing trans-abdominal diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy, keeping the animals in supine position, in three different groups of six animals each. In all the buffaloes premedication was done, with Atropine @ 0.04 mg/kg s.c, butorphanol tartrate @ 0.075 mg/kg i.v, and induction was done with xylazine @ 0.1 mg/kg, ketamine @ 0.2 mg/kg in combination intravenously. The maintenance of anaesthesia was performed in three different combinations in different groups. In group T1- Xylazine @ 0.1mg/kg and Ketamine @ 0.2mg/kg mixed in one litre 5% dextrose saline and infused i.v as continuous drip @ 1Lt/ 40 minutes. Similarly in group T2 propofol @ 1.0 mg/kg and Ketamine @ 0.2mg/kg combination and in group T3 Propofol alone @ 1.0 mg/kg, were infused as in group T1. In all the groups, heart rate and respiratory rate fluctuated non-significantly during the entire period of observations. Significant (P<0.05) hypothermia was recorded in animals of group T3 and T1, before and after the trans-abdominal diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy, respectively. There was slight nonsignificant decrease in Hb and PCV in all three groups during anaesthesia. Significant hyperglycaemia and hyperchloremia was observed in all the groups after DH and the values remained elevated at recovery in comparison to the base value. Significant increase in plasma cortisol was observed after DH in all the groups. The values of all other biochemical parameters fluctuated non-significantly within the normal physiological range in all the three groups. All the groups produced analgesia for 47.94±1.15, 45.97±1.14 and 44.57±1.25 minutes, respectively but anaesthesia remained for longer duration in Group T1 (88.72±6.43 minutes), intermediate for group T2 (85.37±5.64) and shorter in group T3 (79.53 ± 6.42 minutes). Complete recovery was earliest and smooth in group T3 in 104.39±6.28 minutes followed by group T2 in 119.58±4.36 minutes and group T1 in 124.68±9.76 minutes. Based on various parameters it can be concluded that Atropine–Butorphanol-Xylazine–Ketamine— Propofol combination is safe and better than Atropine–Butorphanol-Xylazine–Ketamine--Xylazine-Ketamine and Atropine–Butorphanol--Xylazine–ketamine-ketamine-propofol in terms of analgesia, perfusion, smooth and early recovery in buffaloes undergoing trans-abdominal diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy.