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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar

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20141
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology × Author: Arora, Devan ×
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    Effect of picrorhiza kurroa (kutki) feeding on fowl typhoid and aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens
    (LUVAS, 2014) Arora, Devan; Suresh Kumar
    The epidemiology of fowl typhoid in broiler chicks in some parts of Haryana during 2011-2013 was studied. In addition, the effect of P. kurroa feeding on humoral (HI) and cellular immune (CMI) responses and protection in S. Gallinarum (SG) challenged chicken fed aflatoxin B1 and immunized with Salmonella Gallinarum formalin killed vaccine (SGFKV) was also studied. A total of 309 fowl typhoid outbreaks were recorded during this period with morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate of 9.45%, 6.77% and 71.55%, respectively. Salmonella organisms were isolated from these cases and serotyping revealed maximum isolations of S. Gallinarum 9,12:–:– (200 isolates) followed by S. Enteritidis 9,12:g,m:– (41 isolates) and S. Typhimurium 4,12:1:1,2 (32 isolates). Most of S. Gallinarum isolates were sensitive to gentamicin (76%) followed by amikacin (72%). Day-old broiler chicks (n = 220) were randomly divided into six groups A, B, C, D, E and F. The groups A, B, C and D chicks were immunized with 2x1010 cfu 0.4 ml-1 SGFKV subcutaneously at 0 day of age. The chicks of group B were fed with P. kurroa @ 5 gm per kg of feed, group C with aflatoxin B1 @ 2 ppm per kg feed and group D with P. kurroa and aflatoxin B1 with the same dose as in groups B and C from day-one. Group E chicks were fed P. kurroa @ 5 gm per kg feed and group F were kept as control (no aflatoxin, no P. kurroa, no vaccine). At four weeks post immunization, chicks of all the six groups were challenged with 2x1010 cfu/0.5 ml/bird dose of SG organisms. The CMI responses were measured using lymphocyte stimulation test and HI response using indirect ELISA. The maximum lymphocyte transformation responses (LTR’s) with mean stimulation indices of 9.60, 9.94, 9.04, 9.36 and 2.43 were observed at 4 weeks post immunization (PI) against sonicated bacterial cell protein antigen (sbcp) antigen and 20.41, 21.85, 18.51, 19.49 and 11.51 against Con A in groups A, B, C, D and E, respectively. Maximum ELISA titers of 3.42, 3.70, 2.82, 3.04 and 1.78 were observed in groups A, B, C, D and E, respectively at 3 weeks PI. The protection afforded by the vaccinal preparation and P. kurroa feeding was relatively higher in groups B and A chicks as compared to groups C, D and E based on mortality pattern, bacteriological examination, gross and histopathological examination. Feeding of P. kurroa reduced the severity of disease in aflatoxin fed birds. It was concluded that feeding of aflatoxin B1 to broiler chicken lowered the CMI and HI responses. P. kurroa feeding to chicks immunized with SGFKV showed an increase in HI and CMI responses. The protection accorded by SGFKV in broiler chickens was augmented by P. kurroa feeding, however, the immunoprotective efficacy of the SGFKV was reduced in group C and D chickens due to immunosuppression caused by feeding of aflatoxin B1.