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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar
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ThesisItem Restricted Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on haemato-biochemical profile in chicken(LUVAS, 2008) Raghuveer Prasad; Rose, M.K.The investigation was carried out on “Effect of garlic supplementation on haemato-biochemical profile in chicken” in the Department of Veterinary Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2006 and 2007. Forty five, day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments for a period of eight weeks. Control (group I) were given 0% garlic. Treatment groups (Π and Ш) were given garlic powder at 1.5% and 3% respectively in feed on dry matter basis. There were no significant differences in the average final live weights of birds on the different treatments. However, birds on garlic treatments (1.5% and 3%) had slightly better average feed intake, weight gain and average body weight than those on the control diet. No decline in Hb concentration and totalerythrocyte count of birds fed garlic (group Π and Ш) was observed. Similarly, total white blood cells (heterophils and lymphocytes) did not change significantly for birds on garlic treatments when compared to those on the control diet. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased by the dietary supplementation of garlic in group Π and Ш than those on the control diet. However, there was significant (P≤0.05) increase in plasma HDL-C in garlic supplemented groups (Π and Ш) than those on the control diet. Along with, there was significant (P≤0.05) decrease in alanine and aspartate transaminase enzymes in plasma of garlic supplemented groups (Π and Ш) than those on the control diet. There were no significant differences in the total plasma proteins, uric acid, tri-iodo thyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in plasma of garlic supplemented groups (Π and Ш) than those on the control diet. Thus, the study revealed that feeding garlic upto eight weeks slightly promote the growth of broiler chickens along with improved weight gain and feed conversion efficiency/ratio. Insignificant decreases in red blood cells and haemoglobin revealed the haemolytic activity of the garlic supplement. The marked effect on the plasma glucose, lipid profile and alanine and aspartate transaminase enzymes indicate the role of garlic on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Garlic supplementation failed to influence the plasma protein and thyroid hormone levels. This indicates no effect of garlic on protein metabolism. In conclusion, 1.5% garlic supplementation in feed in broiler chickens is effective in regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with improvement growth.ThesisItem Restricted Metabolic and haematological studies on the effect of boron as an antidote to fluoride in buffalo calves(LUVAS, 2005) Bharti, Vijay Kumar; Gupta, MeenakshiAmeliorative effect of boron (B) on high fluoride intake was investigated in twelve male Murrah buffalo calves of 6-8 month of age divided into three experimental groups. They were conventional concentrate mixture and roughage of identical in chemical composition. Fluorine (F) and boron (B) constituted the treatment variables. Group I was given basal diet and concentrate mixture. Group II was fed basal diet, concentrate mixture and F (as NaF) @ 60 ppm of DM. Group III was fed basal diet, concentrate mixture, F (as NaF) @ 60 ppm of DM and B (as sodium tetraborate) @ 140 ppm of DM. Dry matter intake was recorded daily. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (initial), 30, 60 and 90 for estimation of TEC, Hb, PCV, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents. After 90 days of experimental feeding a metabolism trial of 7 days duration was conducted to study the treatment effect on nutrient utilization, proximate nutrients of feeds, balance and retention of N, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Cu and F. Urine was analysed for urinary F level and urinary alkaline phosphatase activity. Dietary F caused a significant (P<0.05) depressing effect on blood Hb, PCV, serum Ca and serum Zn on day 90 in group II which marginally improved with B supplements in group III. Total erythrocyte counts, serum Fe, serum Cu, digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, CF, EE and NFE and nutritive value of feed remained unaffected on F and B treatment. Digestibility coefficients of F, F balance and F retention increased significantly (P<0.05) but all these showed significant decline with B supplementation. Balance and retentions of N, Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Cu showed no treatment effect. Serum ALP activity, urinary ALP activity, serum P and urinary F level increased significantly (P<0.05) upon F feeding but showed significant reduction (P≤0.05) when B was fed in group III, suggesting that boron antagonized the effect of fluoride in the animals.ThesisItem Restricted Effect of environmental variations on rumen ecosystem, Fermentation pattern, Some blood metabolites and hormones in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)(LUVAS, 2009) Rajesh Kumar; Puri, J.P.The present study was undertaken to study the effect of environmental variations on buffalo rumen ecosystem, rumen metabolites and blood profile of buffaloes. Three un-castrated male Murrah buffaloes of about 300 kg body weight were selected for the experiment and kept in hygiene conditions with balance diet. Collection of samples were done from June, 2008 to January, 2009 (eight months), samples were taken thrice a day at 0 hour (before feeding and watering), 3 hour and 6 hour post-feeding for two consecutive days every month. Data obtained were analyzed statistically. Title of Dissertation Effect of environmental variations on rumen ecosystem, fermentation pattern, some blood metabolites and hormones in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Name of degree holder Rajesh kumar Admission No. 2007V111M Title of Degree Master of Veterinary Sciences Name and Address of Major advisor Dr. J. P. Puri Department of Animal Nutrition College of Veterinary Physiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, INDIA Degree Awarding University CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana) India Year of Award of Degree 2009 Major Subject Veterinary Physiology Total number of pages in the Thesis 65+xii+XI No. of words in the abstracts 273 The values of rumen pH, TVFA’s, Ammonia-N, total nitrogen, microbial protein, total protozoal count, total bacterial count and Entodinia numbers in SRL increased significantly (P<0.05) in November, December and January as compared to other months of the study. Non significant rise in Holotrichs protozoa population and digestibility of dry matter were observed in November, December and January as compared to other months of the study. The hemoglobin, PCV, blood glucose, blood electrolyte, T3 and T4 values were also significantly higher in November, December and January as compared to other months of the study. Non-significant rise in values of total plasma proteins, ketone bodies and BUN were found in November, December and January as compared to other months of the study. Rumen pH, TVAs, Ammonia-N, total nitrogen, microbial protein, total protozoal count, total bacterial count, Holotrichs and Entodinia in SRL were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 3 and 6 hour post-feeding than 0 hour (pre-feeding). The hemoglobin, PCV, blood glucose, blood electrolyte, T3,T4, total plasma proteins, ketone bodies and BUN, values were also significantly higher at 3 and 6 hour post-feeding than 0 hour (pre-feeding).ThesisItem Restricted Immune-endocrine interaction in regulation of reproduction in bovines(LUVAS, 2005) Rose, Manoj Kumar; Puri, J.P.The study on the secretion of lymphocytic growth hormone (GH) and nitric oxide (NO) during various stages of estrous cycle and pregnancy, and in different age groups in cattle was carried out. In this study the effects of leptin, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), steroids (estradiol, progesterone and tstosterone), cytokines leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and incubation of lymphocytes at different temperatures 37.2°C (hypothermia), 38.6°C (normal cow temperature), 41.0°C (hyperthermia) on lymphocytic GH and NO secretion were studied. Total lymphocytic RNAs in cyclic and pregnant cows were also measured. The lymphocytic GH secretion was highest during luteal phase and lowest during mid-pregnancy. During mid-pregnancy lymphocytic NO secretion was higher than other stages of pregnancy and estrous cycle. There was no effect of incubation of lymphocytes without any treatment at different temperatures on lymphocytic GH and NO secretion during pregnancy. But incubation of lymphocytes treated with leptin in hypothermic condition decresed lymphocytic GH secretion without affecting lymphocytic NO secretion. There was no effect of steroids (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) on lymphocytic GH and NO secretion during estrous cycle in cattle. In pregnant cows and in 6 months old calves incubation of lymphocytes with SNP significantly decresed the NO secretion. SNP treatment significantly increased lymphocytic GH secretion only in cyclic non-pregnant cows. Incubation of lymphocytes with LIF and IL-10 increased lymphocytic GH secretion during pregnancy, without affecting lymphocytic NO secretion. Lymphocytic GH secretion was higher in young (2 weeks old) and growing (6 months old) calves than adult cyclic cow. Plasma GH levels were higher during luteal phase in cow than other stages of estrous cycle and pregnancy. Plasma GH levels in young and growing calves were higher than adut cyclic cows. Total lymphocytic RNAs were more in pregnant than cyclic non-pregnant cows. In conclusion, the lowest level of lymphocytic GH in cattle is at a time when lymphocyric ACTH is very high (previously published work), suggesting a negative correlation among lymphocytic GH and ACTH secretion. Threrefore lymphocytes provide a fine control on immuno-stimulatory and immuno-inhibitory factors during pregnancy. The lymphocytic GH and NO secretion is independent of disease condition involving high fever. But the action of leptin on lymphocytic GH secretion is sensitive to decrease in temperature without affecting the lymphocytic NO secretion. The decrease in NO secretion with SNP treatment in pregnant cows and in 6 months old calves indicates that the control mechanisms for GH secretion is different in cow from pig where SNP treatment results in an elevation of NO levels.The increase in lymphocytic GH secretion with LIF and IL-10 treatments indicates the involvement of cytokines in immunomodulation during pregnancy independent of NO dependent mechanism. Higher lymphocytic GH levels in young and growing calves than adult cyclic animals indicates a possible age dependent role before puberty. Higher lymphocytic RNAs in pregnant cows than cyclic non-pregnant cows indicate changes at molecular level in immunomodulation during pregnancy.ThesisItem Restricted Effect of dietary fluoride levels on rumen ecosystem and growth in buffaloes(LUVAS, 2005) Madan, Jyotsana; Puri, J.P.The investigation was carried out in two phases to study the effect of dietary fluoride levels on rumen ecosystem and growth in buffaloes. In phase I, experiment was conducted on three male, rumen fistulated buffaloes in 3x3 latin square design. The three groups (A, B and C); were fed similar diets consisting of concentrate mixture and roughages, except the fluoride (F), which was added in the diet of group B and C at 30 and 60 ppm level (DM basis). After one month, the rumen liquor samples were collected at 0 hour 2, 4 and 6 hours (post feeding) intervals for two consecutive days. Analysis of rumen liquor samples revealed that there was no treatment effect on ruminal pH, total-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids. A significant increase in acetate (%) and decrease in propionate (%) was observed in group C. Fluoride at 60 ppm level caused a significant decrease in viable bacterial number as well as cellulase activity, where as protease activity was not affected by fluoride supplementation. In phase-II, the effect of dietary fluoride on growth, feed efficiency and thyroid hormones was studied. Twelve, male buffalo calves (10-12 months) were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). The diet in the three groups was similar to phase I. Feeding was done for 3 months. Body weight of each animal was recorded at start of experiment and at fortnightly interval. Dry matter intake and water intake was recorded daily. Blood samples were collected at 0 day, 30, 60 and 90 days. Dry matter intake decreased significantly in group C. The body weight gain decreased non-significantly in group B and C. Fluoride at both levels did not affect the water intake and feed conversion efficiency. Analysis of blood revealed that hemoglobin values decreased significantly in group C at 90 days. Neutropenia and Eosinophillia was observed in group C. A non significant decrease in blood glucose and serum protein in group B and C was observed. Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia was observed in group C. Fluoride @ 60 ppm level resulted in higher serum ALP activity, whereas non significant effect on SGOT and SGPT. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were not affected by supplementation of fluoride at both levels in the diet. Thus, it is clear that 30 ppm level is safe level where as 60 ppm F had some adverse effect on rumen ecosystem and growth performance.