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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar

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2004 - 20092
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Subject: Animal Biochemistry × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2004 ×
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    Haemato-biochemical and endocrinal changes in buffaloes suffering from foreign body syndrome
    (LUVAS, 2004) Raghubir Singh; Garg, S.L.
    The study was conducted with the objective of investigating the variations in peripheral concentrations of haemato-biochemical and endocrinological parameters in buffaloes suffering from foreign body syndrome (FBS). Thirty female adult buffaloes admitted to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex (TVCSC) of the college and diagnosed, clinically and reticulographically, to be suffering from FBS (diseased group), were included in the investigation. Depending upon the severity of the disease (i.e., clinical condition) and radiographic evidences, these animals were further sub-divided into two groups Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP, n=20) and Diaphragmatic hernia (DH, n=10). The data obtained on six healthy female buffaloes (control group) of same age group was included in the study for making the comparison with that of diseased group. Blood was collected from these animals pre-operatively in tubes containing EDTA (2 mg/10 ml blood) as anticoagulant by jugular venipuncture. A portion of whole blood was utilized for estimation of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and haematological parameters (i.e., haemogram and leucogram). Remaining portion of blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes to separate plasma. The plasma was transferred into screw-capped glass vials and a drop of merthiolate (1:10,000) was added. The blood plasma samples were preserved at –20 °C till analysed for following biochemical constituents and hormones: (i) Cortisol (ii) Tri-iodothyronine (T3) (iii) Thyroxine (T4) (iv) Total protein (v) Cholesterol The results revealed that the peripheral concentration of cortisol was significantly higher in animals suffering from FBS as compared to normal healthy buffaloes. The increase in plasma cortisol was more marked in buffaloes suffering from DH (932%) as compared to TRP (186%). The blood concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) decreased significantly in FBS affected buffaloes as compared to animals of control group. The drop in peripheral concentration of T3 and T4 was more drastic in buffaloes suffering from DH (87% and 66%) as compared to TRP (57% and 48%) affected buffaloes. The blood glucose concentration did not differ significantly in diseased animals from control group buffaloes, whereas peripheral concentration of cholesterol was significantly lower in FBS affected buffaloes, however, no significant difference was observed between DH and TRP affected buffaloes. Significantly lower total plasma protein concentration was observed in FBS affected buffaloes. The blood urea concentration was significantly higher in foreign body syndrome affected animals. The increase in concentration of urea was more marked in DH (43%) affected buffaloes as compared to buffaloes suffering from TRP (25%). The haematological investigation revealed a significantly lower haemoglobin level in diseased buffaloes. The decrease in Hb level was more significant in DH cases (17%) as compared to TRP (8%) affected animals. PCV values showed a significant drop in FBS affected animals which were more drastic in DH (14%) than TRP (8%), whereas TEC, MCH, MCHC and MCV values did not differ significantly in diseased buffaloes as compared to normal healthy animals. The leucogram revealed that buffaloes suffering from FBS had leucocytosis along with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. The alterations in leucogram were more marked in DH affected sub-group as compared to TRP sub-group.
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    Studies on biochemical indicators of sub clinical mastitis in buffalo
    (LUVAS, 2009) Guha, Anirban; Gera, Sandeep
    No potent vaccine is available for mastitis till date owing to its diverse etiology. Hence, there is no other alternative than early detection to prevent the disease. Counting of somatic cells and cultural examination are two best way to detect sub clinical mastitis (SCM). SCM being a herd problem requires regular screening. The somatic cell count (SCC) and cultural examination are too cumbersome, to introduce in screening programs. The indirect tests also proved unreliable. Thus, the best alternative to diagnose SCM is biochemically. Literatures on biochemical indicators on cattle mastitis are not lacking, but, there is dearth in the understanding of biochemical alternation in the mammary gland during bubaline SCM. Keeping in view the necessity of the situation the present study was conducted to investigate the udder biochemical profile with special reference to buffalo SCM. Of the 198 buffaloes, comprising 784 udders sampled after initial screening with California mastitis test (CMT) and Chloride test, buffalo found positive for atleast a quarter by either of these tests, the milk samples from all the quarters are considered for cultural examination. Of the 84 animals having 329 quarters being culturally examined, 44.05% buffalo, 18.84% quarters were found culturally positive. On the basis of SCC taking International Dairy Federation (IDF), per cent quarters showing SCM, latent infection and non-specific infection were 13.37, 5.47 and 3.04, respectively. The results of biochemical analysis showed, normal to infected milk, statistically significant (p<0.01) increase of electrical conductivity (2.75 ± 0.05 vs 3.33 ± 0.12 mS/cm), rennet coagulation time (128.70 ± 3.80 vs 283.20 ± 4.96 seconds), non-esterified fatty acid (144.23 ± 12.4 vs 269.56 ± 20.6 μM), iron (3.05 ± 0.2 vs 4.41 ± 0.25 ppm), zinc (3.57 ± 0.20 vs 5.06 ± 0.28 ppm), cobalt (0.029 ± 0.002 vs 0.047 ± 0.013 ppm), sodium (20.81 ± 0.70 vs 40.42 ± 1.24 mM), chloride (0.106 ± 0.003 vs 0.139 ± 0.010 %) , lactate dehydrogenase (96.64 ± 17.64 vs 191.45 ± 34.95 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (284.50 ± 18.57 vs 764.77 ± 37.61 U/L), and α1-anti trypsin (3240.43 ± 38.54 vs 7082.13 ± 485.72 U/L). Statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein (0.173 ± 0.024 vs 0.190 ± 0.012 mg/ml) was also observed. Statistically significant decrease (p<0.01) in the concentration of casein (3.16 ± 0.21 vs 2.73 ± 0.31 g/dl), lactose (4.90 ± 0.07 vs 3.71 ± 0.08 g/dl), calcium (176.51 ± 2.69 vs 151.42 ± 3.38 mg/dl) and potassium (26.39 ± 0.37 vs 16.81 ± 0.74) were observed. The correlation coefficient of udder profile biology and taking SCC as Gold standard test it was found that sodium, alkaline phosphatase and α1-anti trypsin are the biochemical indicators of bubaline SCM in the present study.